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Topic: Anatomy in the School of Bologna

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	Anatomy in the School of Bologna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The university of Bologna, already highly regarded for literature and law in the 12th century, was also famed for its medical teachers.
		He first describes the anatomy of the lower cavity or the abdomen, then proceeds to the middle or thoracic organs, and concludes with the upper, comprising the head and its contents and appendages.
		His anatomy of the heart is wonderfully accurate; and it is a remarkable fact, which seems to be omitted by all subsequent authors, that his description contains the rudiments of the circulation of the blood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anatomy_in_the_School_of_Bologna (1464 words)

	Bologna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The degree system of Bologna was henceforth the same as that which had already been established at Paris and these two schools became the models upon which the later universities were organized.
		The university of Bologna, which, as a school of literature and law, was already celebrated in the 12th century, became, in the course of the following one, not less distinguished for its medical teachers.
		In this state matters appear to have proceeded with the medical school of Bologna till the commencement of the 14th century, when the circumstance of possessing a teacher of originality enabled this university to be the agent of as great an improvement in medical science as she had already effected in jurisprudence.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/bologna.htm (1110 words)

	Muscle Anatomy -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Animal anatomy may include the study of the structure of different animals, when it is called comparative anatomy or animal morphology, or it may be limited to one animal only, in which case it is spoken of as ''special anatomy''.
		Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the body.
		In particular, in the case of human anatomy, these are the form and proportions of the human body and the surface landmarks which correspond to deeper structures hidden from view, both in static pose and in motion.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/101/muscle-anatomy.html (1351 words)

	ANATOMY OF THE FROG -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		FROG, ANATOMY OF The body structure, or anatomy, of the frog is very similar to the anatomy of man. Both man and the frog have the same kinds of organs and systems of organs.
		On obtaining the doctor of medicine degree, with a thesis (1762) De ossibus on the formation and development of bones, he was appointed lecturer in anatomy at the University of Bologna and professor of obstetrics at the separate Institute of Arts and Sciences.
		Among the better-known examples are John Lyly's Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit and Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9274440 (773 words)

	Bologna. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Bologna is also the chief city of what has been called Italy’s “Red Belt” (because Communists controlled the local government for decades after World War II).
		Bologna also has an archaeological museum; an art gallery, with works by Bolognese artists, including Francia, the Carracci, and Guido Reni; and a nuclear research institute.
		The coronation of Charles V at Bologna (1530) was the last imperial crowning by a pope.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/Bologna.html (447 words)

	MOO GHOSTS file list
		Bologna was known as the "Mater studiorum", and its motto, "Bononia docet", was literally true.
		Bologna in its earliest organization was a "student" university: professors were hired by the students to give instruction.
		Theology had long been taught in the monastic schools; but the faculty of theology in the university was established by Innocent VI in 1360.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~bump/VSA/Bologna.html (1496 words)

	Museo della Specola, Bologna - Storia cap. 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the early Middle Ages until the XIth century, Bologna was a relatively small inhabited centre compared to the larger towns of Pavia, the Longbard administrative centre of Northern Italy, and Ravenna, bridgehead of the Byzantine empire in Italy, and even Cremona, Mantova and Verona (1).
		Bologna thus reverted to Roman rule and, by all accounts, the ancient customs of the Latin city were restored.
		In the edict Bologna went unmentioned, which is not surprising given that it was a papal dominion, a dominion that would last until about 898 when the city fell into the hands of Berengarius King of Italy (?-924).
	www.bo.astro.it /dip/Museum/english/sto1_01.html (781 words)

	Contexts -- Science -- Biology -- Anatomy
		Anatomy, the study of the structures of living things, can be divided into gross anatomy (the study of structures visible to the naked eye) and microscopic anatomy.
		Only in the third century BCE did Herophilus of Chalcedon found the first school of anatomy, encouraging his students to overcome their fear of dissecting human bodies.
		In the seventeenth century, anatomy (like the other branches of the biological sciences) was aided by the invention of the compound microscope, which allowed investigators to turn their attention from gross anatomy to the structures invisible to the naked eye -- and not only the structures, but their functions.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Contexts/anatomy.html (1030 words)

	Anatomy articles on Encyclopedia.com
		anatomy ANATOMY [anatomy], branch of biology concerned with the study of body structure of various organisms, including humans.
		He was famous as a lecturer, as London's leading obstetrician, as professor of anatomy and later president of the Royal Academy of Arts, and as head of a school and museum of anatomy where many noted men were trained.
		He was professor of anatomy from 1775 at the Univ. of Bologna and was noted as a surgeon and for research in comparative anatomy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Anatomy (458 words)

	The history of Bologna University's Medical School over the centuries. A short review
		The School of Medicine had four; the "Ultramontani" for students who came from towns beyond the Alps, and the "Lombardi", the "Toscani" and "Romani", for students according to the regions from which they originated..
		Arabic authors were also well known in Bologna thanks to the efforts of Emperor Frederic II and the Crusades in which the Bolognese army participated accompanied by their own doctors.
		Bologna University's Academy was famous in the fields of Mathematics, Astronomy, Physiology and Biology.
	www.mf.uni-lj.si /acta-apa/acta-apa-00-2/moroni-history.html (1633 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Anatomy
		Animal anatomy is further divided into comparative anatomy, that is, the study of different animals for purposes of comparison, and special anatomy which studies the form and structure of a single animal.
		Further important divisions are: physiological anatomy, the study of parts in relation to their functions; surgical or topographical anatomy which considers the relations of different parts, and pathological anatomy which treats of the changes brought on by disease, in various organs or tissues.
		Anatomy was a required subject, but was studied by means of the pig which was thought to be closely related to man in anatomical structure.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01457e.htm (3653 words)

	[No title]
		BOLOGNA Bologna was the principal home of scholastic medicine, and, as early as the twelfth century, a medical school existed there.
		Bologna was soon surpassed by the daughter institution, and, from the foundation of the University of Vienna in 1365 until the middle of the eighteenth century, Padua remained a shininng model for the medical school of Bologna.
		Pathological Anatomy Pathological anatomy was placed upon a new basis by Bichat's theory of the tissues, and it was later greatly advanced by physiology, physiological chemistry, and by improved means of investigation (compound achromatic objective lens of the microscope).
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/10122A.TXT (18419 words)

	anatomy - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Study of the structure of the body and its component parts, especially the human body, as distinguished from physiology, which is the study of bodily functions.
		Radiographic anatomy (using X-rays; see radiography) has been one of the triumphs of the 20th century, which has also been marked by immense activity in embryological investigation.
		But it may possibly be conceived that, in the internal parts of the whale, in his anatomy --there, at least, we shall be able to hit the right classification.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /anatomy (461 words)

	DCCPS
		Following this, Dr. Chambers was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and he currently holds an appointment as an Associate Professor of Pathology at the University.
		Dr. Cole's principal appointment is in the Division of Hematology-Oncology at the UCLA School of Medicine, and he also is a member of the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center's Viral Oncology Program, the Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, and the UCLA Molecular Biology Institute.
		Her research group is well recognized for their work on the characterization of the signal transduction pathways activated by IL-4 and IL-13 and the contribution of these pathways in mediating responses in vitro and in vivo.
	dccps.nci.nih.gov /bimped/meeting_exploring-integration_bios.html (5790 words)

	Rooted in Tradition, Experimenting with Innovation
		The Statutes of the University of Bologna (1317)
		In 1260, he started to teach in Bologna, but instead of reading, explaining and commenting on the texts from a purely literary and abstract point of view, as was the custom, he illustrated his points with clinical comments based on the direct observations of patients.
		School was in session from October 18, day of the feast of Saint Luke, to the end of August, or the beginning of September.
	cfserv.dickinson.edu /magazine/fall00/articles/rooted.html (5215 words)

	Search Results for microscopic anatomy - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The new application of magnifying glasses and compound microscopes to biological studies in the second half of the 17th century was the most important factor in the subsequent development of...
		The microscopic anatomy of the liver reveals a uniform structure of clusters of cells called lobules, where the vital functions of the liver are carried out.
		Little is known of Malpighi's childhood and youth except that his father had him engage in “grammatical studies” at an early age and that he entered the University of Bologna in 1646.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=microscopic+anatomy (469 words)

	A SHORT HISTORY OF HUMAN ANATOMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cave paintings of the early Stone Age, about 30,000 years ago,* show a simple knowledge of the anatomy of animals, and it is assumed that these cave dwellers applied some of their anatomical knowledge to their own bodies.
		The civilizations of the Babylonians, as Syrians, Egyptians, Chinese, and Hindus made no serious attempt to learn anatomy because they were interested in the supernatural world, not the natural one, and their cultures placed strong religious restrictions against debasing the body.
		Radiological advances in the twentieth century have allowed scientists to make remarkable connections between anatomy and physiology, and researchers are integrating the study of anatomy with other disciplines, including biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics.
	emsu.8m.com /anatomy.htm (1339 words)

	Historical Anatomies on the Web
		He attended medical school in Bologna and later taught surgery at Pavia, and from 1502 to 1527 he was on the faculty at Bologna.
		He devoted a great deal of his time to anatomy and prided himself on having dissected several hundred bodies; some of his detractors even accused him of dissecting living bodies on some occasions.
		In matters of anatomy, Berengario was devoted to the texts and theories of Mondino dei Luzzi (d.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /exhibition/historicalanatomies/berengario_bio.html (434 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Bologna, University of
		Developed from the "Schools of Liberal Arts" which flourished at Bologna in the 11th century.
		It was a "jurist" university in origin, owing to the organization by Imerius of a school of law, distinct from the arts school in the early 12th century and the adoption of the "Decretum Gratiani" of the Camaldolese (or Benedictine) monk, Gratian, as the recognized text-book of canon law (c.
		The medical school was organized by Thaddeus of Florence, c.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd01350.htm (399 words)

	Rare Books - Records #101 - 150 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Mauchart was professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Tübingen and one of the outstanding ophthalmologists of his time.
		The eye: a treatise on the art of preserving this organ in a healthy condition, and of improving the sight; to which is prefixed, a view of the anatomy, and physiology of the eye; with observations on its expression as indicative of the character and emotions of the mind.
		The first deals with the anatomy and physiology of the eye (with a curious final chapter on the expression of the eye as indicative of moral disposition).
	beckerweb.wustl.edu /Medlib/becker.nsf/WV/374D901B7E77CD0186256F330061E50E (5671 words)

	School of Anatomy - ANAT2200- Glossary
		Canadian anatomist; B. body = intranuclear satellite = sex-chromatin mass seen in a certain proportion of the cells of a female.
		Anatomist at Bologna and Pavia; described pineal gland and sphenoidal air sinuses.
		1722-1789 Professor of Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery and Botany in Gronningen; C.'s fascia = superficial layer of superficial fascia of skin of abdomen (1801).
	anatomy.med.unsw.edu.au /teach/anat2200/2000/appen4.htm (8068 words)

	UNESCO Courier: Anatomy of a corporate takeover - 1. The Money Game - universities, adademic freedom and sponsorship
		In the U.S., the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) gained considerable notoriety in the early 1990s, when for a fee of $10,000 to $50,000 per year, it provided corporations privileged access to its faculty and to their research reports.
		The institute advertised its readiness to place the expertise and resources of all its schools, departments and laboratories at the disposal of industry.
		It was the Pope who granted the earliest university privileges, riding roughshod over those who traditionally supervised schools: bishops, towns and the prince's local representatives, insofar as the secular powers also intervened very early on.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_2001_Nov/ai_80865224 (1265 words)

	Aspects of Complexity 2005
		The University of Bologna First Summer School on "Aspects of Complexity" offers an intensive 10-day introduction to the dynamics of complex systems in the computer, natural and social sciences.
		Because of the variety of disciplinary backgrounds that the Summer School is expected to attract, a typical day will begin with an intensive introduction to the main questions, ideas and results that are specific to the substantive area under discussion.
		Faculty in the first University of Bologna Summer School are international experts in their fields that range from computer to political sciences.
	www.cs.unibo.it /~fioretti/AC/AC2005 (3841 words)

	Giovanni Bologna ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He was born in Bologna and lived there throughout his life, except for a number of short stays...
		Glaser studied at The Cooper Union Art School and later, as a Fulbright Scholar, attended the Academy of Fine Arts, Bologna, Italy.
		"Anatomy revised" is a duality, a dialogue between opposites as well as a confrontation between classical anatomical images (Western) and Manga comics (Japanese) in an attempt to find similarities and at the same time extreme differences.
	wwar.com /masters/b/bologna-giovanni.html (1818 words)

	Vacancy for Sheikh Veterinary Technical School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The veterinary school should provide a three-year diploma course in veterinary science open to secondary school levers of Somali origin.
		The school aims at training a new generation of Somali technicians needed to protect and foster the Somali livestock industry, especially the animal export sector.
		The school will be under the auspices of the OAU/IBAR (Organisation of African Unity /Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources) and will initially collaborate with the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Bologna, Italy.
	www.somalilandnet.com /somaliland_voice/articles/10130.shtml (382 words)

	ISHN 2004 Annual Meeting -- Abstracts
		Since such properties were considered to be properties of the brain or of the body as a whole, it was no longer necessary to attribute representational properties to specific parts of the brain, as it was in dualistic theories in order to explain the interaction between the mind and the brain.
		They include kind but uncompromising obituaries of the behaviourist and gestalt schools of psychology, which were flourishing at the time (and did not appear particularly sick).
		In 1791, Luigi Galvani, professor of Anatomy and Obstetrics at the University of Bologna, published a memoir entitled De Viribus electricitatis in motu musculari, in the transactions of the Bolognese Istituto delle Scienze.
	www.bri.ucla.edu /nha/ishn/abs2004.htm (13616 words)

	[No title]
		One of the exciting outcomes of BoBo is a symposium to be held December 12-15, 2003 in Bologna, and two tutorials: one on fMRI methods and the other on computational neurophysiology.
		Student at Bologna School of Medicine, enthusiastic and Macintosh conversant, will be the pillar of the project.
		This group of Churches is thought to be the most ancient Christian monument in Bologna, and St. Petronius himself, bishop (431-450) and protector of the town, is indicated as having designed the Basilica.
	www.bu.edu /bravi/ProjectBoBo (1088 words)

	University, Bologna, Italy
		Bologna has the oldest University in Europe, founded in 1088.
		Palazzo Poggi, or Poggi Palace, on the Via Belmeloro, has been the central administrative seat of the University of Bologna (one of the most important in Italy) since year 1803, though the building itself is several centuries older.
		The Universtity of Bologna is one of the resons that make the city so special since it brings every year thousands of fresh faces to revitalize the city.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Italy/Emilia_Romagna/Bologna-155512/Things_To_Do-Bologna-University-BR-1.html (782 words)

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