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Topic: Anawratha

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	Buddhism in Myanmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Anawratha began to unite the region by subjugating one chieftain after another and was successful in giving the Myanmar a sense of belonging to a larger community, a nation.
		Anawratha is mentioned in the Myanmar, Mon, Khmer, Thai, and Sinhalese chronicles as a great champion of Buddhism because he developed Pagan into a major regional power and laid the foundation for its glory.
		An approach such as this, whether it was Anawratha's or Kyanzitta's, would suggest that the practice of the old religion of the Ari monks was allowed to continue and that the conversion of the country was gentle and peaceful as befits the religion of the Buddha.
	www.buddhistinformation.com /buddhism_in_myanmar.htm (21741 words)

	Bagan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bagan was not made a major city until King Pyinbya moved the capital to Bagan in 874 A.D. However, in Burmese tradition, the capital shifted with each reign, and because of this, Bagan was once again abandoned until the reign of Anawratha.
		King Anawratha, who converted to Theravada Buddhism, made a pilgrimage to Sri Lanka, and returned to Burma, where he successfully converted his country.
		In 1057, he conquered the Mon capital of Thaton, and brought back Pali scriptures, Buddhist monks and craftsmen, who were utilised to transform Bagan into a religious and cultural centre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pagan,_Myanmar (360 words)

	Anawratha Study Guide by BookRags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Anawratha (also Aniruddha, reigned 1044–1077) was the first great king of the classical Burmese kingdom of Pagan as well as an important figure in the early history of Theravada Buddhism in Burma.
		Under Anawratha, Pagan's rulers are believed to have undergone a transition from chieftains to kings.
		Anawratha is also credited with purging Pagan's Buddhist monkhood of the "heretical" Ari sect.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/anawratha-ema-01.html (248 words)

	The interaction of Theravada Buddhism and culture in Burma
		Indian ideas were soon introduced into Pagan, while kings rose due to the Burmese's concerns with the escape from social chaos, and their need for proper judiciary system (Cady, 1958).
		Anawratha Minn (Minn means king in Burmese) was the first unifier of Burma (Singh, 1980).
		Steinberg (1982) states that Anawratha Minn moved south in 1057 to conquer Thanton, the Mon capital.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/YANA/ANTHR.html (3013 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		King Anawratha ascends the throne of the Bagan realm in 1044.
		A little later, in 1057, King Anawratha makes war against the Mon town of Bago (Pegu) to gain possession of holy Buddhist scripts (the Tripitaka), which the Mon King Manuha is unwilling to give up voluntarily.
		After his campaign against the Mon, King Anawratha makes successful conquests against the Shan realm of that time, which is adjacent to the Burmese realm in the North, and against the Arakan realm to the West of Bagan.
	my-bagan.moreresorts.com /bagan-info-03.html (370 words)

	[No title]
		Significance of Pagan was not its founding but its conversion to Theravadan Buddhism during the reign of King Anawratha (or Anoratha or Anuruddha in Pali) during the 11th century.
		Anawratha Quick summary: very ambitious warrior-king who defeated some of the contemporary chieftains and forged a Burman empire in the 11th century AD.
		Anawratha left behind inumerable clay tablets adorned with images of the Buddha, and some Pali and Sanskrit verses.
	www.mangalavihara.org.sg /lecture_15.doc (778 words)

	Alms Food for Buddha Images
		When king Anawratha integrated the South with the North, many carried on the same practice in their own way until today.
		In the earlier part of Anawratha’s reign, prior to the arrival of the Mon Monk, Shin Arahan introduction of Theravada Buddhism, Nat worship and Deity worship prevailed across the Northern region.
		It is a common practice to receive the left over food from the alms bowl of the famous Monks, known as an arahant in the making, since the Monk has touched the left over food and thus considered to contain potent magical power.
	home.earthlink.net /~mpaw1238/id58.html (2610 words)

	Myanmar in 2000 (5a Bagan Temples)
		Shwesanda was built in 1058 by Anawratha (1044-1077) to house a holy hair relic given to him by the king of Bago to thank him for his help in repelling a Khmer invasion.
		Lawkananda pagoda was built in 1059 by Anawratha (1044-1077) in Thiripyitsaya on the riverside of the Ayeyerwady, to enshrine a replica of the holy tooth relic sent to him by the king of Sri Lanka and kept in the Shwezigon.
		This temple was built in 1059 by Manuha, the Mon king of Thaton while he was held prisoner in Bagan after Anawratha's conquest of the Mon kingdom.
	berclo.net /page00/00en-myanmar-5a.html (887 words)

	Pagan Period - Intro and City Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He was the first to conquer the entire dry zone in the middle of the country and he was the first to establish a single center from which to administer the kingdom.
		It is important that he and subsequent Kings continued to develop and expand outlying irrigation systems because rice became not only a staple in the Burmese diet but also the currency of the realm in which taxes were often paid.
		Kyanzittha was a builder of impressive temples such as the Nagayon, the Abeyadana, and the Ananda - one of the few temples to remain in constant use since it was created and the object of national pilgrimage.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /burmese/cooler/Chapter_3/Part1/pagan_period_1.htm (1282 words)

	Theravada Buddhism and Shan/Thai/Dai/Laos Regions Boxun News
		In 1044 A.D., Anawratha became the king of the Pagan Dynasty.
		In 1057-59 A.D., Anawratha brought an army to the kingdom of Yunnan's Nan Chao-Dali, for a relic of Buddha¡¯s tooth.
		King Anawratha¡¯s contribution to Buddhism; he introduced early-Theravada Buddhism to the whole of Burma, and let it flourish nationally and internationally.
	www.peacehall.com /news/gb/english/2005/03/200503280400.shtml (2178 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Anawratha had a royal library built to house the scriptures, declared Theravada to be the official religion and embarked on a period of great religious reform.
		Anawrathas¡¯ son continued to build Buddhism in Burma, even sending a mission to Bodhhagaya in India to help rebuild the temple at the place where Buddha attained enlightenment.
		This was a deliberate policy on the part of King Anawratha and the rulers of Burma in the 11th century.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianstudies/wbwoa/seasia/Burma/religion.html (3585 words)

	Buddhism Today - Dda.o Pha^.t Nga`y Nay, default page-english
		This is apparent from bronze statues depicting Bodhisattas and especially the "Lokanatha," a Bodhisatta believed, in Bengal, to reign in the period between the demise of the Buddha Gotama and the advent of the Buddha Metteyya.
		Anawratha continued to cast terracotta votive tablets with the image of Lokanatha even after he embraced the Theravada doctrine.[19]
		So the traditional propitiation of the Nagas continued to be used for court ceremonials and remained part of the popular religion, while the bhikkhus were accorded the greatest respect and their master, the Buddha Gotama, was honoured with the erection of pagodas and shrines.
	www.buddhismtoday.com /english/world/country/013-burma4.htm (20681 words)

	Buddha's Life Page 58 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		King Anawratha of Pagan conveyed the Buddhist scriptures from Thaton to Pagan for the benefit of all beings.
		When Kyanzittha became King of Pagan in succession to Anawratha, he continued to build this pagoda as advised by the Venerable Arahan.
		This pagoda was known as Shwezigon (Golden Sandbank) pagoda because it stands upon a strip of sand bank.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /bdoor/archive/budd_story/blpg58.htm (175 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - South East Asian Art and Architecture
		The nats were officially disassociated from Buddhism in Burma in the 11th century, by King Anawratha of Pagan, as part of a purification of the state religion.
		The Shwe Zigon pagoda at Nyaung-U was begun during the reign of Anawratha, and completed by his successor, Kyanzittha.
		The historical association with the nats undoubtedly figures in the popularity of the Shwe Zigon, for other stupas, such as the Shwe Hsan Daw, also built during the reign of Anawratha and Kyanzittha are today primarily visited by tourists rather than religious devotees.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781530119/South_East_Asian_Art_and_Architecture.html (2052 words)

	AsiaExplorers \| Myanmar > BAGAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		King Anawratha built this temple to be a centre of prayer and to promote the new Theravada faith that has just found root in Bagan.
		To find the suitable location for this temple, Anawratha set loose a white elephant and where it rested, the site was selected to build this temple.
		Tragically, Anawratha never lived to see the temple completed - he was killed by a raging buffalo no longer after, and his son King Kyanzitha completed the temple twelve years later.
	www.asiaexplorers.com /myanmar/bagan-16.htm (101 words)

	Myanmar in 2000 (5 Bagan-Popa)
		It is reputed to hold a holy tooth relic given to Anawratha by the King of Sri Lanka.
		Neither could the Burmans who overran what was left of the Pyus in the 9th century after their defeat by the Nanzhao kingdom.
		Later, in the 11th century, when the Burman King Anawratha converted from Mahayana to Therevada Buddhism and imposed it on his subjects he accepted the compromise of recognising the cult to a limited number of the ancient spirits which by that time were called "nats".
	berclo.net /page00/00en-myanmar-5.html (997 words)

	[No title]
		The Nation we know as Burma was first formed during the golden age of pagan in the 11th century.
		King Anawratha ascended the throne in 1044, uniting Burma under his monarchy.
		However, the megalomaniac temple-building activities of some later kings, combined with the enrichment of monasteries, were to impoverish the country and Burma became increasingly vunerable to mongol and Tartar incursions.
	www.cfob.org /OLD/Background/HistoryofBurma/cppg1.shtml (1525 words)

	Vacation in Burma with Asian Vacations - Bagan Attractions
		Two great kings, noted for their patronage of the Religion, are associated with the Shwezigon: Anawratha (1044-1077) and Kyansittha (1084-1113).
		Tradition has it that the holy tooth, collar-bone and frontlet relics of the Buddha are enshrined in the Shwezigon, the tooth presented by the King of Ceylon, the frontlet obtained from Thayekhittaya near modern Prome.
		The architecture of the square building is notable for the perforated stone windows and the plaster carvings on the roof in imitation of Myanmar wood carvings.
	www.vacationsinburma.com /Bagan_attractions.html (1890 words)

	Burma Issues - Burmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		By the middle of the 11th century, the Bamar King Anawratha had established hegemony over the other people in the area, and the first Bamar empire was created, with Pagan as its capital.
		This period, between the middle of the eleventh and the end of the thirteenth centuries, is generally considered to have been the "golden age" of Bamar tradition, customs and ideas.
		The dominance of Theravada Buddhism was established by King Anawratha during the Pagan era in the 11th century.
	www.burmaissues.org /En/burman.html (405 words)

	Worldisround - "Bagan 11" [Burma '03]. - Photograph - "Myinkaba" temple:
		Scenery in Magwe picture - In the guidebook, it states that this 11th century temple was built by king Anawratha to expiate the killing of his half-brother (the preceding king) in a man-to-man combat.
		Hence, it must have been a battle between the half brothers whereby Anawratha was the victor.
		In the guidebook, it states that this 11th century temple was built by king Anawratha to expiate the killing of his half-brother (the preceding king) in a man-to-man combat.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/22064/photo23.html (269 words)

	History of Myanmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		But Buddhism became the dominant religion of Myanmar only after King Anawratha ascended the throne of the Burmese Kingdom in Bagan in 1044.
		King Anawratha was converted to Buddhism by a Mon missionary by the name of Shin Arahan.
		As in Thailand, which was considerably later converted to Buddhism by Mon missionaries, in Myanmar a Buddhist temple is always the center of the village community.
	www.mandalaycity.net /religions.htm (168 words)

	Aung San Suu Kyi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Once upon a time Thaton with its twilight air was a thriving capital and a famous center for Buddhism, ruled over by the Mon King Manuha, a monarch who commanded the respect of friend and foe alike.
		Although he was defeated in battle and carried away as a captive by King Anawratha of Pagan, Manuha's personal stature remained undiminished.
		In the end, it is said, Anawratha managed to destroy Manuha's glory by underhanded means.
	www.aappb.net /suukyi3.html (934 words)

	SCMP-Democracy beckons people as generals remain locked in past
		The current military rulers, who have held the country in an iron grip for 37 years, have repeatedly claimed to be acting consistently with traditional values and attitudes.
		The generals claim to be protecting and unifying the country much as did King Anawratha, who reigned from 1044 to 1077, did.
		Since King Anawratha, Burmese rulers have managed, at least until the British arrived in the 19th century, to be able to claim control over the whole country.
	www.burmalibrary.org /TinKyi/archives/2000-01/msg00005.html (523 words)

	Buddhism in Myanmar
		So the traditional propitiation of the Nagas continued to be used for court ceremonials and remained part of the popular religion, while the bhikkhus were accorded the greatest respect and their master, the Buddha Gotama, was honored with the erection of pagodas and shrines.
		So in 1070, he requested King Anawratha of Myanmar, who had assisted him financially in his war against the Colas, to send bhikkhus to re-introduce the pure ordination into his country.[23] It is interesting to note that the Culavamsa refers to Anawratha as the king of Ramanna, which was Lower Myanmar, also called Suvannabhumi.
		The last king of Pagan, Narathihapate, whom the Myanmar know by the name Tayoupyemin[29] (the king who fled the Chinese), repeatedly refused to pay symbolic tribute to the Mongol emperors in Peking who in 1271 had conquered neighbouring Yunnan.
	www.accesstoinsight.org /lib/bps/wheels/wheel399.html (21579 words)

	Spirit Cults Study Guide by BookRags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Thirty-Seven Nats were supposedly instituted by Anawratha (1044–1077), one of the most prominent kings of the Pagan dynasty, at the base of the Shwezigon Pagoda in the then capital Pagan in 1059.
		According to oral history, Anawratha is supposed to have said, "Man will not come for the sake of the new religion.
		Let them come for their old gods and gradually they will be won over." Thus, around the same time the kingdom was declared Buddhist, influential figures who died a violent death were placed and commemorated close to relics of the Buddha.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/spirit-cults-ema-05.html (498 words)

	Bagan Travel Guide
		The shape and construction of each building is highly significant in Buddhism with each component part taking on spiritual meaning.
		Bagan became a central powerbase of the mid 9th century King Anawratha who unified Burma under Theravada Buddhism.
		At one time, it's estimated that more than 13,000 temples and stupas once stood on this 42 sq km plain in central Myanmar.
	www.imakoopedia.org /en/article/Bagan (223 words)

	Theme - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		According to legend, King Anawratha is credited with the foundation of the cult of the Thirty-Seven, having first imposed Theravada Buddhism and destroyed the various autochtonous cults of the populations under his power.
		According to legend, he finally decided to gather the cult figures, up to thirty-six of them, on the state pagoda platform, the Shwezigon pagoda, and to place them under the authority of Sakka, the guardian of Theravada Buddhism in Burma.
		However, the Thirty-Seven that are supposed to have been gathered by King Anawratha from the autochtonous religious practices are not the naq as they are worshipped by Burmese today.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/25/theme/25T5.html (1925 words)

	The Goldenland Pages <http://www.goldenlandpages.com> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		King Anawratha of Bagan conveyed the Buddhist Scriptures from Thaton to Pagan for the benefit of all beings.
		When the third terrace of this pagoda was constructed, he brought a replica of the Buddha's tooth from Sri Lanka and enshrined it also in this pagoda.
		This pagoda was known as Shwezigon (Golden Sandbank) pagoda because it stands upon a stripof sand bank.
	www.goldenlandpages.com /hotspots/buddhism/60.htm (173 words)

	nats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Avant la venue sur le trône de Bagan au XIe siècle du grand roi fondateur Anawratha, les birmans édifiaient de petits sanctuaires (les maisons des esprits) pour s'attirer les faveurs des Nats de la terre quand on les dérangeait.
		Anawratha voulu se débarrasser du culte animiste et ordonna la destruction de tous les sanctuaires, fit regrouper les effigies hindoues du culte dans un temple de Vishnu profané et renommé Nathlaung Kyaung (le monastère des Nats prisonniers)
		Aussi Anawratha changea-t-il sa position et autorisa -t-il finalement la représentation des Nats dans l'enceinte des Paya, y compris dans la plus sacrée d'entre elles, la Shwezigon.
	www.avatravel.com /nats.htm (920 words)

	Burmese Art of Unarmed Combat Page
		Therefore it was safer for the monks to teach their martial arts in the close secrecy of the monastery.
		Ancient writings reveal that as far back as the time of King Anawratha (1044 - 77 A.D. Buddhist monks were teaching the secrets of breath-control and mediation practice in addition to the principle of yielding of force – a principle that seems to be found in arts like Tai Chi, Aikido, and even Judo.
		These techniques spread by the 11th century monks were handed down from generation to generation until they have become part of the 'bando' system of Burmese martial arts.
	www.geocities.com /kungfu_galaxy/Others/BurmaArts.html (825 words)

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