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Topic: Veneration of ancestors

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	Ancestor worship Summary
		Depending on the local culture, this worship or veneration may combine elements of filial piety, agricultural traditions and seasonal observances, lineage patterns, animistic concepts of the actions of spirits in the world of the living, an emphasis on obligations to superiors, and the idea that human beings become deities at death.
		The spirits of the ancestors are believed to be pleased by any positive accomplishment by a descendant, and announcements of such achievements before the memorial tablets on the altar or at the grave are considered important.
		Ancestor worship (拜祖), also ancestor veneration (敬祖), is a religious practice based on the belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, take an interest in the affairs of the world, and possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living.
	www.bookrags.com /Ancestor_worship (1874 words)

	Ancestor worship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ancestor worship (拜祖), also ancestor veneration (敬祖), is a religious practice based on the belief that one's ancestors possess supernatural powers.
		While far from universal, ancestor worship or ancestor veneration occurs in societies with every degree of social, political, and technological complexity, and it remains an important component of various religious practices in modern times.
		Ancestor worship in some cultures (such as Chinese) seeks only to honor the deeds, memories, and sacrifice of the deceased.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancestor_worship (308 words)

	INTR 532 Bibliographies: Ancestors
		Ancestor veneration then is not a simple act that can be abolished by deciding which rituals in a funeral are biblical and which are not.
		Ancestor worship is still prevalent among the three million Chinese in Thailand and serves as a form of socio-cultural identity for this minority group.
		The burden of the essay is to argue for the portraiture of the Christ as the eldest son and an ancestor within the context of Vietnamese culture and religious traditions and in light of feminist liberation theology.
	www.wheaton.edu /intr/Moreau/courses/532/biblio/ancestors.htm (5369 words)

	Vietnam the Family
		Veneration of ancestors was also regarded as a means through which an individual could assure his or her own immortality.
		Family members who remained together and venerated their forebears with strict adherence to prescribed ritual found comfort in the belief that the souls of their ancestors were receiving proper spiritual nourishment and that they were insuring their own soul's nourishment after death.
		On the anniversary of an ancestor's death, rites were performed before the family altar to the god of the house, and sacrificial offerings were made to both the god and the ancestor.
	www.country-studies.com /vietnam/the-family.html (2478 words)

	ancestor worship on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ancestor worship is based on the belief that the spirits of the dead continue to dwell in the natural world and have the power to influence the fortune and fate of the living.
		Ancestor Worship and Identity: Ritual, Interpretation, and Social Normalization in the Malaysian Chinese Community.
		Water, huacas, and ancestor worship: traces of a sacred Wari landscape.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/ancestor.asp (692 words)

	AFRICAN PENTECOSTALISM AND THE ANCESTORS
		The ancestor cult is a family affair; and members of a particular family usually observe the family customs relating to their particular ancestors, at least once annually.
		The ancestors must be appeased with gifts, such as the ritual killing of a cow, a goat or a chicken, a dish of porridge, the pouring out of a libation of sorghum beer, and other rituals as demanded by the ancestors themselves.
		The veneration of ancestors is still widely practised in the fl townships of South Africa; although the incidence of the ancestor cult among church members is not as high today as it was thirty years ago.
	artsweb.bham.ac.uk /aanderson/Publications/african_pentecostalism_and_the_a.htm (6947 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, McAnany, Living with the Ancestors
		That is, the practice of ancestor veneration and the rituals surrounding the treatment of the dead are not extended equally to all members of a lineage; rather, they are employed preferentially when particularly important and influential members of a lineage die.
		From an archaeological perspective, a critical characteristic of ancestor veneration is that of protracted burial rites.
		Ancestor veneration, however, does not exist in a vacuum; rather, it is the quintessential expression of lineage structure.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exmcaliv.html (6490 words)

	Clannada na Gadelica - Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Site
		Ancestor veneration was indeed a major piece in their personal practices even up into the current times.
		Ancestor veneration is still a very important factor to those walking the path of Gaelic Restoration, just as it is in most Celtic communities.
		As ancestor veneration is still practiced by most traditional peoples, from the Orient to the Balkans to Central America, and, as we have glimpses that such was also the case amongst our Gaelic ancestors, so should we bring this back as well in full force.
	www.clannada.org /culture_ancestor.php (4616 words)

	Ancestral Names
		And where a family's ancestors are 'alive' and proactive the presumption is that 'medicine' men keep well clear and there is progress and prosperity in that family.
		African people do venerate their ancestors with such religious intensity that non-Africans are led to conclude that they practise 'ancestor worship'.
		Ancestors are summoned individually by name and asked to bring along with them other spirits whose names the living could not remember.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /etse.ladzekpo/ances_names.html (614 words)

	Ancestors
		Ancestor veneration is often called "ancestor worship," a misnomer which distresses me each time I encounter it in reading or discussion.
		Venerating our ancestors is not an act of worship; after all, they are not gods.
		However, ancestor veneration is not unique to my religion; it shares a widespread connection with many cultures and traditions throughout the world, both past and present.
	www.senytmenu.org /ancestors.htm (2518 words)

	Ancestor veneration in Africa
		An ancestor is, therefore, expected to be faithful to his earthly kin, who expect from him a favourable response or reward for their prayers and ritual donations to him when recourse to the ancestors fails to procure the desired effects, the living normally turn to the Supreme Being as a last resort.
		In fact, the living and their ancestors form a totality in which solidarity is lived and expressed through prayers and rituals, in which human and cosmic solidarity is engaged.
		For an ancestor is regarded as a model or exemplar of conduct in the community, and as source of tribal tradition and its stability.
	www.afrikaworld.net /afrel/nyamiti.htm (2431 words)

	Kemet.org : Wehem : Akhu: The Shining Ones
		One of the cornerstones of Kemetic Orthodox faith, and indeed one of the hallmarks of African faiths, is the veneration of ancestors.
		Note that the word "veneration" is used, and not "worship." In many Victorian-era and forward anthropology and history books, "Ancestor Worship" is invoked as a "primitive" practice of those unenlightened Third World souls who supposedly think their own forefathers are divinities, until the missionaries of course can set them straight.
		This is what ancestor veneration is all about - the circle of life, between this realm and the realm of spirit, between birth and death and everything living.
	www.kemet.org /letters/shomu0698.html (1107 words)

	CULTURE AND LITURGY
		An ancestral altar dedicated to the veneration of the ancestors may be placed under the altar dedicated to God, provided that nothing smacking of superstition such as the “white soul” [the white cloth representing the dead] is placed there.
		During the marriage rites, the bride and groom are permitted to perform the “ceremony of veneration toward the ancestors” in front of the ancestral altar or the repository of the ancestors.
		The oft-invoked distinction between “veneration” and “cult” of ancestors, accepting the former and condemning the latter, is more for the benefits of Western Christians caught in the issue of iconoclasm and the Protestant reformers’ attack on the cult of the saints.
	members.cox.net /vientrietdao/bao/ancestor.html (8944 words)

	Christianity and Shamanism: Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Each family member, each direct ancestor or friend, is mentioned by name as the priest reads from the paper, which has been brought to him, and as he lifts each piece of bread from the loaf and places it in the sacred utensil to prepare for the Eucharist.
		When the experience of the worship of God is profound, it cannot be confused experientially with the veneration of saints, the veneration of ancestors, or the veneration of icons, etc.
		We may even perhaps expect these mementos to be quite extensive, where the veneration of ancestors is traditionally so exalted and where the memory of preceding generations exists traditionally to such a greater extent of depth in time.
	www.oxfordu.net /seoul/chapter3 (9864 words)

	Ancestors (eggun) in Santeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Veneration of ancestors (who are called eggun or egún) is an important part of the Orisha religion.
		A description of the place our ancestors have in the religion, including descriptions of the bóveda altar and spiritual mass (misa).
		Those that has its religious roots in the Jewish-Christian thought find great difficulty to understanding the African or afro-descending religions when the subject is the ethical and moral values which regulate the relationships among the people and among those same people and the divinities that are praised.
	www.lasculturas.com /lib/libIfaAncestors.htm (169 words)

	A229hemba.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Hemba practice ancestor worship to justify the present authority and power of the chief of the clan.
		The veneration of ancestors is an important feature of life in large Hemba families.
		The ancestor’s figures are traditionally carved with hands placed on either side his stomach; it indicates that he is watching over the clan.
	arttribal.com /Hemba/A229hemba.html (132 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (Ancestors) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The family (clan or rod) was venerated both in the literal sense and the more figurative sense (as an offspring producing spirit, the rozhanitsy).
		Another part of these beliefs was the veneration of the clan founder (the praschur).
		Princes continued to pray to their ancestors long after the 988 conversion to Christianity.
	members.aol.com /eustaxij/Ancestors.html (122 words)

	Tikal: Temple V from North Acropolis (#r1_061) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The most common reason for importance is ancestry, that is, structures raised by ancestors who will be honored by this new building.
		At the elite level, it was used for the veneration of ancestors expressed by city planning.
		In light of these observations, the layout of the city of Tikal is a massive expression of ancestral veneration over more than one-and-a-half millennia.
	bonus.com /contour/Mayan_Ruins/http@@/mayaruins.com/tikal/r1_061.html (286 words)

	The Ancestors Cult - Veneration of Ancestors
		Once integrated into the invisible world, the ancestor becomes a new entity, spiritual and eternal and possessing supernatural powers.
		This is the raison d’être of the ancestor cult: the living call upon the help of the razana by communicating with them at specified times and locations, while offering sacrifices.
		Apart from these rituals, there is a clear separation between the worlds of the living and the dead: to each his own place.
	www.mumi.org /madagascar/en/03.htm (209 words)

	mission
		They pointed to invocations to deceased ancestors for protection and blessings, and to the use of sacrificed animals in the rites venerating Confucius, as being typical acts of religious ritual.
		He did not describe the use of incense and invocations and sacrifices relating to ancestors, but made the point that scholars who became Catholic may also be bestowed their Chinese scholarly rank and magisterial titles in Confucian temples, in ceremonies which were civil rather than religious.
		In 1656, he decreed that Catholics may participate in rites venerating Confucius and ancestors, but made no reference to the 1645 order of Innocent X. As a result, two different sets of practices were followed by Catholics in China, depending on which decree was observed by their missionary pastors.
	www.cs.ust.hk /faculty/dimitris/metro/mission.html (4027 words)

	Asian Synod: Ninth General Congregation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Veneration of ancestors in the controversy of rites of cult.
		The issue of veneration of ancestors is still the most serious pastoral problem, whose impasse would be a true obstacle to the work of evangelization.
		In Vietnam, the ban against ancestor worship imposed on the Christians for three centuries had the effect of estranging them from that which is the very foundation of Vietnamese society.
	www.zenit.org /english/asia/cong9.html (4083 words)

	Welcome to Landtours - Cultural Festivals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		• Celebration of festival filled with beautiful cultural activities, and historical events that commemorate the veneration of ancestors for their victories and achievements.
		• Experience the veneration of traditional gods, funeral obsequies and the pouring of libation to the ancestors.
		Damba Festival is celebrated by the people of Gonja,Mamprusi and nanumbaland to venerate the gods for a bumper harvest to usher in their new yam harvest season.
	www.landtours.com /tourspecs.asp?id=8 (629 words)

	WorldWide Religious News-Christianity takes on African flavor
		Their religion freely adopts what they consider important in African culture — veneration of ancestors, belief in witchcraft, faith in the power of magic, called muti, and the ability of prophets or sangomas to harness that power.
		Mojela said the veneration of ancestors comes directly from the traditionally African belief that ancestors look after their descendants.
		Ancestors can reveal themselves in dreams or their unhappiness with the living can be divined by a prophet or a sangoma.
	wwrn.org /article.php?idd=23724&con=61&sec=13 (1044 words)

	Ancestor Worship
		ancestor worship is our connection to the past and our road map to a better future" p 26.
		This writer goes on to show prayers for his departed ancestors by naming several of these ancestorssimilar to the "roll call" that Karenga includes in his Kwanzaa ceremonies.
		And even sadder is the mixture of the pagan ritual of ancestor worship and church services whose leadership have been duped into believing that Kwanzaa is merely a "cultural" event.
	www.christocentric.com /Kwanzaa/ancestor.htm (946 words)

	Sangomas in Church
		The veneration of saints, particularly the Virgin Mary, has been compared to that of the veneration of ancestors in other religious traditions, but there is, or should be, a clear distinction between the Saints, whose intercessions may be sought, and the Ancestors, who are seen to possess executive powers in their own right.
		As the Angelus puts it, "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and in the hour of our death." Her intercessions may be believed to have particular influence by virtue of her faith and position, but not to have any binding force on events.
		If the person is convinced that it is to both, and the parish priest and the bishop satisfied as to his/her sincerity (noting that a sangoma may need to make a living out of the practice, whereas a lay minister does not profit materially from the services s/he renders), then I would find it acceptable.
	www.scifac.ru.ac.za /cathedral/spire/jul03/sangoma.htm (986 words)

	Stones of Wonder - tips on watching the sun and moon at the solstices, equinoxes, standstills
		We may 'know' we are on a huge rotating ball with the stars fixed, but we still see the stars move and the moon rise with them into the night sky.
		What we see today is what our ancestors saw when they erected the megaliths, and so that is what we must appreciate and become familiar with.
		It is a spectacular night sky object, and has the advantage over the sun that it can always be looked at directly.
	www.stonesofwonder.com /watching.htm (3487 words)

	EARLY HISTORY Zack's Indonesia Bali Travel pages - Indonesia-Bali.com \| all Information about bali, bali stone age, ...
		Here, as elsewhere in Indonesia, they seem to be connected with the veneration of ancestral spirits who formed (and in many ways still form) the core of Balinese religious practices.
		Also apparently connected with ancestor worship is one of Southeast Asia's greatest prehistoric artifacts - the huge bronze kettledrum known as the "Moon of Pejeng." Still considered to have significant power, it is now enshrined in a temple in the central Balinese village of Pejeng, in Gianyar Regency.
		There are also groups which claim as their ancestors Javanese Hindus and Buddhists who are said to have taken refuge in Bali from invading Muslim forces.
	www.indonesia-bali.com /bali_erly_story.htm (873 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.12.17
		Robin Hägg's "Funerary ritual, veneration of ancestors and the cult of heroes in Geometric Greece" also focuses on early tomb cult and on its possible influence on the emergence of hero cult, but is included here only in the form of an abstract.
		To be sure, the author cannot be blamed for not being a native English speaker, but that would have made careful proofreading all the more useful.
		Auffarth focuses on the case of the Danaides in Argos and their function as ancestors.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-12-17.html (1667 words)

	The Korea Times : [Seeker's Journey] Western Sollal: A Pagan Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		But the heart of Sollal is the offering by the living of ``charye’’ for their ancestors: a formal ceremony of bows, offerings of food and drink, prayers, and incense.
		The Celts put candles in their windows to greet their dead ancestors’ roaming spirits and welcomed them with a ritual meal set by the fireside, ensuring themselves of good fortune for the new year and avoiding the bad luck sure to afflict descendants who did not revere their departed kin.
		If Christianity replaced our festivals of the dead and the associated veneration of our ancestors but then Christianity itself began to pale (as I believe it has), then our spiritual need to connect with our ancestors and hence give ourselves a claim on the future is not now being met.
	times.hankooki.com /lpage/opinion/200502/kt2005021420274054330.htm (849 words)

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