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Topic: Ancient Egyptian Funerary Texts

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	Encyclopedia: Egyptian mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ausare (Osiris (Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead; husband and sister of Isis; father or brother of Horus)), the life-death-rebirth deity, was the fertility and agricultural deity.
		In Egyptian mythology, Serqet was the scorpion mortuary goddess.
		In Egyptian mythology, Tefnut (Tefenet) was the goddess of moisture and the daughter of Atum and the sister and companion of Shu.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Egyptian-mythology (300 words)

	The Pyramid and Coffin texts
		The Pyramid texts are the earliest Ancient Egyptian funerary texts.
		The earliest surviving texts are in the 5th Dynasty Pyramid of Unas at Saqqara.
		The pyramid texts describe different stages in the rebirth of the pharaoh (or queen) into a uniquely royal afterlife within his or her pyramid, and were arranged on the walls as if to be read by the deceased from beyond the grave.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /pyramid_text.htm (519 words)

	Pyramid Texts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pyramid Texts are a collection of ancient Egyptian religious texts from the time of the Old Kingdom, mostly inscriptions on the walls of tombs in pyramids.
		A famous example of an utterance from the Pyramid Texts is the Cannibal Hymn, in which the deceased Pharaoh hunts and devours the gods.
		In the first scene of Philip Glass's opera Akhnaten, the phrase "Open are the double doors of the horizon" is a quotation from the Pyramid Texts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyramid_Texts (170 words)

	Coffin Texts -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Coffin Texts, combined with the Pyramid Texts from which they were derived, were the primary sources of the Book of the Dead, which was in prominent use during the New Kingdom and Late period.
		In the Old Kingdom period such texts were written on the burial chamber walls in the pyramids of the 5th and 6th dynasties and are called Pyramid Texts.
		Nephthys is the Greek form of Nebt-het or Nebhet, meaning “lady of the house.” She was the daughter of Ra and Nut, the sister-wife of the evil god Set, and the sister of Isis and Osiris.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024654 (758 words)

	Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - the Funerary Texts
		Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - the Funerary Texts
		The Pyramid Texts are the earliest Egyptian funerary texts.
		At death, the Pyramid Texts stated that the pharaoh was to become the sun or the new Osiris.
	www.egyptianmyths.net /funerarytexts.htm (1053 words)

	(AEL) Egyptian Gods & Religions
		An ancient Egyptian goddess of fertility, the sister and wife of Osiris.
		In the Pyramid Texts Osiris is called 'lord of Maat' and later frequently appears with her plinth symbol as the base of the Underworld throne on which he sits as judge of the dead.
		In some texts he is hailed as a source of strength, and in early paintings he is portrayed as bearer of a harpoon at the prow of the boat of Ra, warding off the serpent Apep.
	www.aelives.com /gods.htm (22426 words)

	Coffin Texts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Coffin Text, which basically superseded the Pyramid Texts as magical funerary spells at the end of the Egyptian Old Kingdom, are principally a Middle Kingdom phenomenon, though we have found examples as early as the late Old Kingdom.
		In effect, they democratized the afterlife, eliminating the royal exclusivity of the Pyramid Text.
		Mostly, as the modern name of this collection of spells implies, the text was found on Middle Kingdom coffins of officials and their subordinates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coffin_Texts (131 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Religion
		Egyptian Religion was based on polytheism, or the worship of many deities, except for during the reign of Akhenaton.
		The ancient Egyptian conceived of the earth as a disk, with the flat plains of Egypt as the center and the mountainous foreign lands as the rim surrounding and supporting the disk.
		Although the ancient Egyptians strongly believed in life after death, the idea of passing from life on earth to life in the hereafter was somewhat obscure, and the concepts concerning the afterlife were complex.
	www.aldokkan.com /religion/religion.htm (1543 words)

	Ancient Egyptian and Greek magic
		Since Egyptian funerary texts clearly identify the deceased with deity and the power of words and language is a predominant feature of Egyptian magic, these notions found in the PGM appeared to provide a possible link between ancient Egyptian and Greek magic.
		Throughout the funerary literature of ancient Egypt, from the Pyramid Texts to the Book of the Dead, there is abundant evidence that ancient Egyptians thought that human beings could become deities.
		Egyptian ideas and practices of self-identification with deity do not seem to be compatible with Greek notions of the relationship between the human and divine worlds.
	www.sonoma.edu /users/h/holmstrl/EGmagic.html (2350 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Texts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This book is the earliest of all funerary text, and documents the sun god's journey through the 12 divisions of the underworld, beginning on the western horizon and reappearing as Kehpri, the newborn sun in the East.
		What all these texts have in common is an emphasis on the eternal existence of the king and the location of the sky as the realm of the Afterlife, which is dominated by the sun-god Re.
		While the coffin text were available as a tool for the afterlife to all Egyptians, the spells were primarily employed by the local governors and their families of Middle Egypt.
	www.crystalinks.com /egyptexts.html (3318 words)

	An Overview of Ancient Egyptian Religion
		This is particularly obvious from funerary texts, beginning with the Pyramid Texts and moving on to numerous texts particularly during the New Kingdom.
		Egyptian religion can be said to encompass their ancient gods, the mythology or accounts of those gods and other aspects of the religion such as creation, death and the afterlife, and the cults who worshipped the gods.
		Texts are known since the third dynasty that make reference to the activities of the gods, usually within accounts of relations between nobles and the king.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/religion.htm (3361 words)

	Library Designs - History of Books
		Ancient Egyptian funerary texts are customarily referred to as the Book of the Dead, the earliest dating from circa 2300 BC.
		While writing, or more correctly inscription, existed long before these Egyptian texts, the book as we know it can be said to have come into being with these scrolls.
		Paleography, the study of ancient and medieval manuscripts and handwriting, examines such things as calligraphy, medieval quill pens and the common fl inks made of carbon-containing substances.
	www.librarydesigns.com /HistoryOfBooks.htm (1201 words)

	Death in Ancient Egypt, funerary customs, shabtis, mummies, tombs, offerings, egyptian personality, soul
		The ancient Egyptians were fortunate in inhabiting the fertile valley of the Nile.
		The Egyptians painted idealised scenes from daily life on the walls of their tombs: scenes of agricultural work such as harvesting crops, tending cattle and fishing, scenes of artisans at their work, including goldworkers and boat-builders and domestic scenes of banquets with musicians, dancers and guests.
		The name of an individual was preserved by its inclusion in funerary texts, either on papyrus or on the tomb walls.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/DEATH.HTML (1188 words)

	Sacred Texts: Ancient Egypt
		During these millenia the Egyptians developed a multitude of gods and goddesses, as well as esoteric practices that we are still unravelling the meaning of.
		This is the oldest sacred text in the world that we know of, dating back to 3100 B.C.E. The Pyramid Texts are funerary inscriptions from the early pyramids.
		Egyptian Myth and Legend Donald A. Mackenzie [1907].
	www.sacred-texts.com /egy (351 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Religion
		The Egyptian Temple was considered the home of the god and only members of the priesthood was allowed to enter beyond the outer court.
		The texts, inscribed on the walls of the inner chambers of the pyramids [from c.
		The seasons of the Egyptians corresponded with the cycles of the Nile, and were known as Inundation (pronounced akhet which lasted from June 21st to October 21st), Emergence (pronounced proyet which lasted from October 21st to February 21st), and Summer (pronounced shomu which lasted from February 21st to June 21st).
	www.crystalinks.com /egyptreligion.html (3551 words)

	Self-Identification with Deity and Voces Magicae in Ancient Egyptian and Greek Magic
		Hans Deiter Betz, in his introduction to the newest English translation, speculates that these papyri may have been found in a tomb or temple library and the largest papyri may have been the collection of one man in Thebes.[4 ]However, the exact provenance for the PGM is unknown.
		From ancient times to the latest date of the PGM, Greek notions about the relationship between human existence and divine existence took a variety of forms [23,] but never followed the Egyptian pattern of the possibility of declarative divine identity.
		The ancient Greeks believed that communion with the gods was possible as in the Eleusian and Dionysian mysteries [24] and Empedocles declared he had the knowledge to make himself immortal.
	www.hermetic.com /pgm/self-identify.html (2811 words)

	Egypt: The Major Egyptian Books of the Underworld
		Amduat (Called by the Egyptians, the Book of the Secret Chamber): As mentioned above, this book is the earliest of all funerary text, and documents the sun god's journey through the 12 divisions of the underworld, beginning on the western horizon and reappearing as Kehpri, the newborn sun in the East.
		While most tombs in the Valley of the Kings (on the West Bank at Luxor which was ancient Thebes) contain passages from the book, the burial chambers of Tuthmosis III and Amenophis II contain almost the complete text.
		The text was used in the entrance of most tombs from the time of Seti I, though we first know of it form the burial chamber of Tuthmosis III.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/underworld.htm (1117 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Egypt
		The Coffin Texts from the interior of coffins, belong to the Middle Kingdom (2250-1580 BCE) and indicate 'democratization' of the ancient funerary ritual - each soul now hoped to achieve a ritual assimilation to the god.
		Coffin Text: The Tale of Horus and the Pig, c.
		Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile: The Rediscovery of Ancient Nubia [At OI-Chicago]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook04.html (769 words)

	Search Results for Text - Encyclopædia Britannica
		collection of Egyptian mortuary prayers, hymns, and spells intended to protect a dead king or queen and ensure life and sustenance in the hereafter.
		The texts, inscribed on the walls of the inner...
		The only extant Vedic materials are the texts known as the Vedas, which were written down over a period of about 10 centuries, from about the 15th to the 5th century BC, this being the period when...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Text&ct= (466 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts (Egyptology S.): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This translation, completed in 1969 by a leading authority on these texts, is one of the most accessible, scholarly and complete available, and this reprint should be useful not only to Egyptologists but also to those interested in the history of religion and the occult.
		The great majesty and spiritual depth of the texts is well preserved yet easy to read for the modern reader for example the old system of 'thou' 'thee' 'ye' have been dropped and 'you' 'your' etc..
		The texts are dated back to around 3200 b.c., indicating that they were based on an oral tradition.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0856682977 (576 words)

	The Liturgy of Funeral Offerings Index
		This book has text and analysis of a key Egyptian ritual which was performed when preparing the corpse of a pharaoh for mummification.
		This text was also painted on the walls of the royal tomb.
		Although Budge doesn't emphasize this, this text comprises an important part of the 'Pyramid Texts', of which only portions are available in public domain English translation.
	www.sacred-texts.com /egy/lfo (129 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Society and Family Life
		In this seminar Emily Teeter, an Egyptologist at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, and Douglas J. Brewer, professor of anthropology at the University of Illinois, Urbana, investigate the particular values and societal expectations of the ancient Egyptians.
		While the nuclear family was the core of Egyptian society, marriage and marriage contracts were largely seen as a means of regulating the transfer of property.
		Compared to other areas of the ancient world, Egyptian women held stronger social positions and expanded legal rights, which included the ability to hold and bequeath property and the right to initiate divorce.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701778 (482 words)

	Stabilizing the text (from Homer) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Stabilizing the text (from Homer) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		An important and difficult question, which affects the accuracy of modern Homeric texts, is that of the date when the epics became “fixed”—which means given authoritative written form, since oral transmission is always to some extent fluid.
		The texts, inscribed on the walls of the inner chambers of the pyramids, are found at Saqqarah in several 5th- and 6th-dynasty pyramids, of which that of Unas, last king of the 5th dynasty, is the earliest known.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-11599 (794 words)

	Book of the Dead - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		The Book of the Dead is the common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary text The Book of Coming [or Going] Forth By Day.
		The name was invented by the German Egyptologist Richard Lepsius, who published a selection of the texts in 1842.
		The text was initially carved on the exterior of the dead person's sarcophagus, but was later written on papyrus and buried inside the mummy case with the deceased, presumably so that it would be both portable and close to hand.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/index.php/Book_of_the_Dead (347 words)

	(AEL) Dictionary of Ancient Egypt
		Term used by Egyptologists to describe a type of funerary text comprising around two hundred spells that were intended to guide to deceased safely into the afterlife.
		Of or pertaining to the port of Canopus in the Delta.
		Often called Yam by the Egyptians, it fell geographically into two regions, Lower Nubia (the northern part, roughly the south of the modern Egyptian republic) and Upper Nubia (the southern part, roughly present-day Sudan).
	www.aelives.com /dic-ae.htm (1875 words)

	Bowers Museum, A Place For Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Among the peoples of the ancient world, the Egyptians occupy a unique position with their approach to death and the possibility of resurrection, particularly since so much of the evidence that has survived over thousands of years comes from a funerary context.
		Lecture: "Ancient Egyptian Amulets and Amuletic Jewelry in the Mummies: Death and the Afterlife Exhibition." Join Egyptologist and Bead Society member, Susan Herman on an exploration of the magic and mystery of the Egyptian amulets and amuletic jewelry featured in the current Bowers Museum exhibit.
		Archeological discoveries have suggested that ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, also referred to as "the language of the gods," may be the oldest formalized writing system in history.
	www.aplaceforart.org /museums/bowers/default.asp (6648 words)

	Ryan-Ancient Languages and Scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After over 170 years since the decipherment by Champollion of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, inscriptions from antiquity continue to be discovered and old texts persist in yielding new insights.
		Regarding the latter, I am involved in a study of ancient Egyptian funerary cones.
		These ceramic and typically cone-shaped (though by no means exclusively so) objects are stamped with biographical funerary inscriptions and appear to have been a component in tomb architecture although their full function and meaning remain enigmatic.
	www.plu.edu /~ryandp/texts.html (298 words)

	Burning Man 2001: Satan's Birthday Party
		One of the theme camps there was doing a presentation of the Ancient Egyptian Death and Resurrection Ritual.
		The sad thing is that just as freemasons see no danger in their symbolic ceremonies, so it is that those who participate in the Egyptian ritual and most of the events at Burning Man are also unaware and unconcerned with any demonic repercussions.
		I spoke with the creator of the Egyptian ritual at length after one of their presentations.
	poweredbychrist.homestead.com /BurningMan.html (4573 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Book of the Dead: Awakening Osiris: Egyptian Book of the Dead: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shares ancient Egyptian funerary texts and religious hymns and provides an overview of Egyptian beliefs about theology and the spiritual life.
		Much of Ellis's writing is genuinely inspiring and moving, which surely the Egyptian texts were meant to be.
		For all we know she might be closer to the spirit of the originals than anyone.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0933999747 (535 words)

	Postgraduate Theses
		The ancient Egyptian honours system: Rewarding scenes and the gold of honour
		The depiction of animal behaviour in Egyptian art
		The textile terminology of the ancient Egyptian funerary texts: A lexicographic, iconographic and archaeological analysis
	galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au /EDG/theses.html (143 words)

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