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Topic: Ancient Hebrew language

	History of the Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Hebrew language belongs to Canaanite branch of the so-called Semitic family of Afroasiatic languages.
		Hebrew is currently spoken by a community of about 10 million people, of whom about 5 million live in the State of Israel, and the rest in the various countries of the Jewish diaspora.
		Hebrew was revived as a spoken language by the efforts of a single man, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (אליעזר בן־יהודה) (1858-1922).
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/hi/history_of_the_hebrew_language.html (1425 words)

	Hebrew
		The language has also been calledthe speech of Canaan, and Judean, after the kingdom of Judah.Ancient Hebrew, the language of the Bible, was succeeded by anintermediary form, Mishnaic Hebrew, about the 3rd century BC.Modern Hebrew, the only vernacular tongue based on an ancientwritten form, was developed in the 19th and 20th centuries.
		The language in whichmost of the Old Testament was written dates, as a living language,from the 12th to the 2nd century BC, at the latest.
		Hebrew was preserved, however,as the language of ritual and sacred writing and through the centurieshas undergone periodic literary revivals.
	thor.prohosting.com /~linguist/hebrew.htm (534 words)

	Hebrew language
		Hebrew is categorized as a part of the Canaanite group of the Semitic languages, to which also the ancient languages Phoenician and Moabite belonged.
		Hebrew comes from Egyptian "apiru", which was the designation used for class in the Egyptian society hiring themselves out for specific services.
		Hebrew of today is a spoken language that is based upon the written Hebrew from old Hebrew texts, and is the only colloquial speech in the world based on a written language.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hebrew.htm (472 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hebrew Language and Literature
		Hebrew was the language spoken by the ancient Israelites, and in which were composed nearly all of the books of the Old Testament.
		Hebrew belongs to the great Semitic family of languages, the geographical location of which is principally in South-Western Asia, extending from the Mediterranean to the mountains east of the valley of the Euphrates, and from the mountains of Armenia on the north to the southern extremity of the Arabian Peninsula.
		In fact, it is claimed by some that the Hebrew of the Old Testament betrays evidences of as great a disintegration and departure from its assumed typical perfection as does the vulgar Arabic of to-day from the classical idiom of the golden literary age of Islam.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07176a.htm (5308 words)

	Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hebrew was reborn as a spoken language during the late 19th and early 20th century as Modern Hebrew, replacing Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, and other languages of the Jewish diaspora as the spoken language of the majority of the Jewish people living in Israel.
		While the term "Hebrew" as a nationality is customarily used to refer to the ancient Israelites, the classical Hebrew language was essentially identical to the language spoken by their neighbors, the Phoenicians and Canaanites.
		Hebrew is therefore not spoken by them nor is it understood much by the vast majority of Jews in many areas outside of Israel where there are large Jewish populations, especially in countries such as Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hebrew-language.htm (5377 words)

	Hebrew - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hebrew, a Semitic language spoken mainly in Israel
		The ancient Hebrews, or their descendants the Jews
		The term Hebrew is sometimes used by certain Christian groups to distinguish the Jews in ancient times (before the birth of Jesus) from Jews that lived afterward.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hebrew (135 words)

	Yale University Library - Hebraica Team: About Hebrew
		Hebrew Language [is a] Semitic language originally adopted by the 'ibhri, or Israelites, when they took possession of the land of Canaan west of the Jordan River in Palestine.
		Ancient Hebrew, the language of the Bible, was succeeded by an intermediary form, Mishnaic Hebrew, about the 3rd century BC.
		Hebrew was preserved, however, as the language of ritual and sacred writing and through the centuries has undergone periodic literary revivals.
	www.library.yale.edu /cataloging/hebraicateam/hebrew.htm (593 words)

	Hebrew language - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was reborn as a spoken language during the late 19th and 20th century as Modern Hebrew, replacing Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish and other languages of the Jewish diaspora as the spoken language of the majority of the Jewish people living in Israel.
		Hebrew is the primary official language of the state of Israel, (Arabic also has official language status).
		The revival of Hebrew as a spoken language was initiated by the efforts of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (אליעזר בן־יהודה) (1858-1922).
	www.free-definition.com /Hebrew-language.html (5199 words)

	The Ancient Churches Project: Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The people of the Most Ancient Church could not have used a language of spoken words, because words of spoken language were not infused directly into the tongue, as their facial speech was, but had to be invented and applied to things, which could be done only with the passage of time (AC 8249).
		However, Hebrew deviates from this language in that Hebrew has sharp terminations in the syllables, which are not there in the celestial language (SE 5581).
		In this Most Ancient language (and in the Hebrew language), there were words that belonged to a celestial class, some that belonged to a spiritual class, and some that were common to both (SE 5114).
	www.glencairnmuseum.org /acp/language.html (202 words)

	Ancient Hebrew Research Center - Home Page
		Teaching the Ancient Biblical Hebrew Language of the Bible Through the Study of the Ancient Hebrew Alphabet, Culture and Thought.
		On the website are lessons for learning Hebrew, in-depth word studies and information on the Ancient Hebrew alphabet, language and culture as it relates to the Bible and its proper interpretation.
		Dedicated to researching and teaching the Hebrew text of the Bible based on the Ancient Hebrew culture and language.
	www.ancient-hebrew.org (697 words)

	Phonetics of Ancient Hebrew
		In other words, we assume that in the time of writing the language was not developed to the degree where the speech and written language went there separate ways of development.
		Ancient Hebrew writing is very compressed, nikudot are used only in small set of texts used for special purposes.
		In the Hebrew notation graces without vocal support inside the word are marked with the special symbol, which is the same as a symbol of shewa.
	www.edgesensor.com /feast/ancient.html (2010 words)

	Ancient and Modern Hebrew Dictionary, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Elliezer was born in Luzki, Lithuania, in 1858 to Yehuda Leib and Feyga Perelman.
		It was in respnse to his article in "The Dawn" that the first group of halutzim (pioneers), the BILU group, came to settle on the land.
		For this paper Eliezer needed to coin new Hebrew words for objects and verbs that did not exist in the days of the last Hebrew commonwealth.
	www.wcie.net /hebrew_eng.htm (393 words)

	Ancient Hebrew language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		The Ancient Hebrew language is a blanket term for Hebrew dialects used in ancient times.
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancient_Hebrew_language (100 words)

	Langauge resources for biblical study: Languages of the Bible
		The Bible was written in the languages of ancient Palestine: Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek.
		Written mainly in Hebrew, it was translated into Greek (the Septuagint) before the text became quite stable.
		Was the spoken and written language of ancient Israel.
	www.bible.gen.nz /amos/language/languages.htm (346 words)

	Hebrew, some history!
		Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages, spoken and written today in much the same way as it was more than two thousand years ago.
		In the post biblical period Hebrew gradually gave way to Aramaic as the spoken language, but continued throughout the centuries to serve as the language of ritual and prayer.
		Hebrew gradually came into use among the Jewish settlers in Palestine and became the official language of the State of Israel when that nation was created in 1948.
	www.morim.com /hebrew_us.htm (549 words)

	Department of Hebrew and Semitic Languages – About Us – English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The development of the Hebrew language through the 3000 years of its history and in its various traditions is taught to speakers of the language, making the journey through the evolution of ancient to modern Hebrew a rich learning experience.
		For Modern Hebrew, students turn to the press, contemporary writers, and the spoken language which was revived at the turn of the century.
		The Department of Hebrew and Semitic Languages maintains connections with several institutions abroad, including the Universities of Madrid and Barcelona, College de France, the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, the Mesopotamian Literature Group in Groningen, and the Department of Near Eastern Languages at the University of California, Los Angeles.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/hebrew/about_us.eng.html (517 words)

	"The Ancient Hebrew Language and Alphabet" by Jeff Benner: Virtualbookworm.com Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Hebrew Bible, called the "Tenach" by Jews and "Old Testament" by Christians, was originally written in the Hebrew language using an ancient pictographic, or paleo-Hebrew, script.
		Also included are the details of the root system of the Hebrew language, and a lexicon of ancient Hebrew roots to assist the reader of the Bible with finding the original cultural context for many Hebrew words.
		Jeff Benner has had a long interest in the Hebrew language of the Bible and in 1996 he began researching the ancient pictographic alphabet used by the Hebrew people and other Semitic tribes.
	www.virtualbookworm.com /ancienthebrew.html (316 words)

	The Hebrew Language
		Mishnaic Hebrew is the Hebrew of the Christian Era, an artificially revived language in which the Jewish Rabbis wrote their scholarly works and which is now employed as the official language of the state of Israel.
		The term "Hebrew language," found for the first time in the prologue to the Apocryphal book Ecclesiasticus (written 132 B.C.) Is also used by the Jewish historian Joesphus in the 1st century of the Christian Era, and appears later in the rabbinical writings.
		Hebrew is a branch of the great family of ancient Semitic languages, which were spoken in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and Arabia.
	home.flash.net /~cogit/id129.htm (1963 words)

	Past & Present: Language, power and identity in ancient Palestine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hebrew, however, remained important because it was still the language of the Jerusalem temple and of the Pentateuch.
		These men used Hebrew to distinguish themselves from the rest of the population, and since curatorship of the Torah was in theory open to all males, mastery of Hebrew was also a path to prestige, and study of it was widespread in certain circles.
		In this second stage then, Hebrew, no longer commonly spoken, became a commodity, consciously manipulated by the leaders of the Jews to evoke the Jews' distinctness from their neighbours, and the leaders' own distinctness from their social inferiors.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2279/is_n148/ai_17474747 (1136 words)

	Hebrew alphabet and pronunciation
		Hebrew, a Semitic language and the official language of Israel.
		Hebrew was the language of the early Jews, but fell out of use as an everyday spoken language and was replaced by Aramaic about 2,500 years ago.
		Hebrew continued to be used as a liturgical language since then and was revived as a spoken language in the early 20th century.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/hebrew.htm (476 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:HBO
		HEBREW, ANCIENT: a n extinct language of Israel
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		Used as a liturgical language, and for the text of the Jewish Bible.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=HBO (60 words)

	OHCHR: Hebrew (Ivrit) - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is the language (Ancient Hebrew) in which most of the Old Testament of the Bible was written.
		The renaissance of the language may be ascribed to a large extent to the efforts of Eliezer ben Yehudah, who devoted his life to the revival of the language, and at the same time adapted it for modern use through the introduction of thousands of modern terms.
		The vocabulary of Modern Hebrew is based on the ancient language, whereas the syntax on Mishnaic Hebrew.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/hbr.htm (204 words)

	The Hebrew Language
		Hebrew is the language of Israel, although Arabic is an official language as well, and English is widely spoken.
		It is a modernized version of an ancient language, not to be confused with Yiddish, which uses the same written characters, but which is a combination of Hebrew and old German from the ghettos of Medieval central Europe.
		Yiddish was the language of the Jews of Europe until World War II; Hebrew is the restored ancient language of modern Israel.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~aappel1/islang.html (193 words)

	Serving the Word: Is Biblical Hebrew a Language?
		"Is Biblical Hebrew a Language?" was the title of a book and essay of many years ago by the great Ethiopicist and Semitist Edward Ullendorff (for this bibliography, and much more besides, see the treasure trove assembled by Mark S. Smith), and it's a nice way into the question.
		On the question of language names, since the Bible reflects metalinguistically on language use so infrequently, it is quite possible that this involves another lexical gap in our sources.
		However labels become more useful when a language community is heterogenous, incorporating speakers of different language backgrounds, so that it becomes necessary to distinguish one language from another in day-to-day interaction.
	servingtheword.blogspot.com /2005/01/is-biblical-hebrew-language.html (854 words)

	CMMR: Saving an Ancient Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although Aramaic was primarily a secular language in ancient times, parts of the Bible's books of Ezra and Daniel were written in the ancient tongue.
		In Jewish ritual, Aramaic is still the language of the Passover haggada--the story read at family Seders--and is also used in ceremonial readings for weddings and funerals.
		Water is moyeh in Aramaic, mayim in Hebrew and miye in Arabic.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~cmmr/L.A.Times_May30_2.html (624 words)

	Hebrew language
		Hebrew language, member of the Canaanite group of the West Semitic subdivision of the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic family of languages (see
		B.C. Hebrew began to die out as a spoken tongue among the Jews after they were defeated by the Babylonians in 586 B.C. Well before the time of Jesus it had been replaced by
		as the Jewish vernacular, although it was preserved as the language of the Jewish religion.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0823155.html (453 words)

	Area of Study: Hebrew Language and Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As with other ancient languages, the origins of Hebrew are under investigation.
		Scholars wonder whether it might be the original language mentioned in the Bible, used by God to speak the universe into existence, to speak with Adam, and used by Adam to speak with his family and the animals.
		On this basis, the scholars speculate that the one language that is supposed to have preceded the divine scrambling may have been Hebrew.
	www.iseek.org /sv/22030.jsp?id=310613 (517 words)

	Hebrew Language Program at KU
		Hebrew is the language of modern-day Israel, whose thriving economy offers opportunities in business, international relations and technology.
		Learning Hebrew can benefit students exploring their own Jewish identity or seeking greater insight into Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as interrelated and competing belief systems in Western civilization.
		But Hebrew is far from just the ancient language of the Bible, it was also the vehicle for Jewish thought and literature from the writings of the ancient rabbis through the poetry and prose of medieval and early modern Jewish thinkers.
	www.ku.edu /~hebrew (284 words)

	The Ancient Hebrew Project - The Ancient Hebrew Alphabet and Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This book introduces the the reader to the origins of the Hebrew language; the root system of the language; the pictographic alphabet originaly used to write Hebrew; the meaning of the pictographs.
		The book includes several appendixes including a dictionary to the parent root words of the Hebrew language.
		By examining these names of God through the eyes of the ancient Hebrews the Biblical text is opened in a new way bringing clearer understanding of the Hebrews and God.
	www.ancient-hebrew.org /18_ahla.html (150 words)

	Introduction to Biblical Hebrew (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While we should honor those who preserved the Scriptures and made them available in our native language we should also recognize that they were human and subject to translate according to their own paradigm and the thought of their times.
		The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 characters all of which are consonants.
		Learning the rules of the language, building a stronger vocabulary, and learning to use the Lexicon are the steps to greater translation abilities.
	www.netwaysglobal.com /hebrew/intro.html (2182 words)

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