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| | Judaism |
 | | Its name is derived from Judah, a region in the southern part of ancient Israel, which distinguishes it from other ancient developments of Yahwism such as the Rechabites, a small ultra-strict separatist sect, and the Samaritans. |
 | | By the first century BCE there were several varieties of Palestinian Judaism, including the Sadducees, Essenes, Scribes, Pharisees, Zealots and Herodians, defined for the most part by their relation to the Temple at Jerusalem. |
 | | The main challenge to Orthodox Judaism came in the eighteenth century as a result of the threat to traditional religion posed by rationalists of the European Enlightenment. |
| philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/geness.html (972 words) |
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