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Topic: Ancient weights and measures

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	Weights and measures - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest known uniform systems of weights and measures seem to have all been created sometime in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC among the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley, and perhaps also Elam in Persia as well.
		Weights were based on units of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500, with each unit weighing approximately 28 grams, similar to the English ounce or Greek uncia, and smaller objects were weighed in similar ratios with the units of 0.871.
		Early Babylonian and Egyptian records and the Bible indicate that length was first measured with the forearm, hand, or finger and that time was measured by the periods of the sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weights_and_measures (2644 words)

	WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - LoveToKnow Article on WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Local Con~rol.The necessary local inspection and verification of weights and measures in use for trade (as distinct from the verbal and written use of weights and measures) is in the United Kingdom undertaken by inspectors of weights and measures, who are appointed by the local authorities, as the county and borough councils.
		Customary Weights and Measures.In some districts of the United Kingdom, as well as in provincial districts of other countries, old local and customary denominations of weights and measures are still found to be in use, although their use may have been prohibited by law.
		Pharmaceutical Weights and Measures.By the Medical Act of 1858, and the Act of 1862, the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom are authorized to issue a Pharmacopoeia with reference to the weights and measures used in the preparation and dispensing of drugs, andc.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /w/we/weights_and_measures.htm (16042 words)

	Online dictionary - Ancient weights and measures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Egyptians based their measurements on the Royal cubit, for which the pharaoh devised a standard (master) cut in granite.
		The roman units of weight varied significantly throughout the times, since most of the standards were obtained from the weight of particular coins.
		Vedic measures were first used by the Indian Vedic civilization, and are still in use today – primarily for religious purposes in Hinduism and Jainism.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Ancient_weights_and_measures (1468 words)

	Weights and measures Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The earliest weights and measures were based on the use of parts of the body and the natural surroundings as measuring instruments.
		See Historical weights and measures for a detailed listing of actual units of ancient weight and measure.
		The association of the yard with the "gird" or circumference of a person's waist or with the distance from the tip of the nose to the end of the thumb of Henry I are probably standardizing actions, since several yards were in use in Great Britain.
	forum.top5miami.com /encyclopedia/w/we/weights_and_measures.html (2442 words)

	Ancient weights and measures - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The same system of weights and measures has continued throughout history, despite a number of different civilisations making their own adjustments to serve their own purposes.
		In fact measurements are used to define property and historically people have been very scrupulous in defending the value of their possessions.
		The lengths are from measures of surviving rulers with the caveat that the Egyptians of the 3rd millenium were not working to an accuracy of 2 decimal places.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancient_weights_and_measures (4691 words)

	The Weights and Measures of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Early tomb scenes record scribes measuring grain, and from the Book of the Dead, scales are clearly depicted, though there the focus of weight is on the heart for the judgment of the dead.
		Another measure for land was the cord measure known as ta (or meh-ta) of 100 royal cubits and an area could be measured by setjat, which was 100 cubits square.
		At first, weights were traditionally made in units known as debens, a standard weight of 93.3 grams, though some weights from the Old and Middle Kingdom appear to have been in unites of around 12 to 14 grams and sometimes 27 grams.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/measures.htm (1103 words)

	Units: Customary Units
		Meanwhile, all land in England was traditionally measured by the gyrd or rod, an old Saxon unit probably equal to 20 "natural feet." The Norman kings had no interest in changing the length of the rod, since the accuracy of deeds and other land records depended on that unit.
		In traditional English law the various pound weights are related by stating all of them as multiples of the grain, which was originally the weight of a single barleycorn.
		On both sides of the Atlantic, smaller volumes of liquid are traditionally measured in fluid ounces, which are at least roughly equal to the volume of one ounce of water.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/units/custom.html (2285 words)

	Table of Weights and Measures
		The ton referred to in the footnotes is the American ton of 2,000 pounds.Since most readers are more familiar with dry measures being given in weight rather than capacity (bushel, quart), dry measures have been converted in the footnotes to approximate weights.
		This table is based upon the best available information, but it is not intended to be mathematically precise; like the measurement equivalents in the footnotes, it merely gives approximate amounts and distances.
		Weights and measures differed somewhat at various times and places in the ancient world.
	www.tniv.info /bible/appendix/weightsandmeasures.php (171 words)

	Weights Used for Precious Metals, Gemstones, Coins
		The kilogram was defined as the weight of the International Prototype made of platinum and iridium which is held at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres in France.
		Weight is the force exerted by the mass of the object due to gravitational attraction.
		Apothecaries weights in which an ounce was 480 grains as for troy measure, but with 8 drams or drachms per ounce, therefore a drachm was 60 grains.
	www.24carat.co.uk /weights.html (1567 words)

	Untitled
		The first uniform system of weights and measures was established by the ancient Romans who subjected it to Rome and enforced it in their whole empire.
		A central position in the exposition is engaged by etalons of a meter and a kilogram bought for the Physical Cabinet of the university in 1868.
		Different measuring devices for liquids were frequently used at the university laboratories but also in everyday life - one can see a vessel for measuring alcohol, different measuring utensils and a two pint vacuum container from the 19th century.
	www.ut.ee /REAM/weights.htm (659 words)

	English weights and measures: miscellaneous facts
		From about 1450, the weights and measures of Ireland should have been the same as those of England, but in practice the legislation in Ireland seemed to sometimes be out of step with England.
		The measures in Wales are hidden (to me at least!) by the language.
		The Welsh had measures of area called the 'erw' (which translates to 'acre'), the 'tyddyn' (='small farm'), 'maenol' (='manor') and 'cantref'(='hundred', as used in English for a division of land, rather than 100).
	home.clara.net /brianp/celtic.html (219 words)

	Old Babylonian metrology
		The metrology of ancient Mesopotamia is very complicated, but key to understanding much of the mathematics as units are often silently converted in the middle of a problem.
		Key units are the kush (cubit) for length, sar (garden-plot) for area and volume, sila for capacity and mana for weight.
		At the base of the system is the barleycorn, she, used for the smallest unit in length, area, volume and weight.
	it.stlawu.edu /~dmelvill/mesomath/obmetrology.html (412 words)

	WEIGHTS & MEASURES GOLD, SILVER AND BARLEY - Ancient Mormon Doctrine Scholar Dr. Einar C. Erickson
		Naturally a senum of silver, a senine of gold, and a measure of barely do not all weigh the same, but are equal in value ; whereas the comparative values of pieces of the same metal would be exactly proportional to their greatness or weight.
		Weight No. 21 in that series represents the Unit Value of the System which was the Mina and it weighed 467.8 grams.
		Anciently, a measure of barley was the amount that was required to seed a given area; farmers often used 1.5 bushels of seed (63 pounds) per acre, or four dunams, or 3.7 bushels per hectare, as noted above, or a saton equal to 13 litres [ 1.5 bushels ].
	www.einarerickson.com /content/view/67/39 (5608 words)

	Online conversion of weights and measures, metric conversion.
		Convert weight measures, including metric conversion, Avoirdupois (U.S.), Troy, Apothecaries, Japanese, Chinese, Thai, old Russian, ancient Greek and Roman units.
		Convert measures of length, including metric, British and American, old Russian, Japanese, Thai, ancient Greek and Roman, nautical, typographical and astronomical units.
		In the U.S. and Great Brinain fuel consumption is usually measured in MPG (miles per gallon) while in the rest of the world it is mostly measured in litres per 100 kilometers.
	www.convert-me.com /en (1029 words)

	Weights and Measures in ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Measuring actions and systems vary in precision according to need and technology.
		Until the modern period high precision is rare and difficult to repeat on a regular basis.
		All ancient, medieval and early modern measuring systems are likely to operate in practice at a level of precision and in a manner alien to those familiar to inhabitants of modern states.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /weights (94 words)

	Ancient weights and measures Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For now you may want to try Ancient weights and measures at [ coruwat.com ] for information.
		Talk:Ancient weights and measures He found values for the ancient measureswith a scientific coefficent of faith less than 0.2 percent.
		Weights & Measures, weights & measures, weights and measures, Volume (Ancient),Volume (Foreign), Weight, Weight (Ancient), and Weight (Foreign).
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=Ancient_weights_and_measures (247 words)

	A (much) smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland - Chapter XVIII - Measures, Weights and Mediums of Exchange
		Like other ancient peoples, the Irish fixed their standards of length - measures, for want of better, mostly, but not exclusively, with reference to parts of the human body.
		The legal size of the faithche [faha] or green round a house depended on the rank of the owner; and the unit of measure was the distance a man could cast a spear standing at the house.
		A full-grown cow, or ox, was in ancient times a very general standard of value, not only in Ireland, but all over the civilised world : and was considered equal in value to one ounce of gold.
	www.alia.ie /tirnanog/sochis/xxiii.html (1640 words)

	Units of Measurement
		We measure the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.
		There are two systems for land measurement (one based on the yard and the other on the rod) and a third system for distances at sea.
		In this way, all the units of measurement Americans use every day are based on the standards of the metric system.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/units (855 words)

	measurement system -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Yarn measurements are expressed as yarn number, count, or size, and describe the relationship of length and weight (or approximate diameter).
		In the United States, crude oil is measured in barrels of 42 gallons each; the weight per barrel of API 30° light oil would be about 306 pounds.
		in astronomy, system used to measure color and temperature of stars; based on one star's difference in brightness when it is measured at different wavelengths obtained with optical filters of colored...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=233785 (866 words)

	Parthian Weights & Measures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		With their kind permission, lot 22 of their mail bid sale 34, Weights and Scales, is illustrated here in the hope that a positive identification, additional information, or a correction of details can be made.
		The weight is very close to the weight of the early Parthian Tetradrachm coins.
		The metrology is fairly conclusive: it does look like a weight, has the approximate weight of a tetradrachm, is ancient, and is consistent with Parthian design.
	www.parthia.com /parthia_weights.htm (211 words)

	[No title]
		ANCIENT WARRIORS TLC The Highlanders The kilted pikemen of the 14th century 6.00 p.m.
		Horus-Eye continued to be used as the primary Egyptian weights and measures, until 800 BC, as base 12 may have been found in Knossos well after base 60, or aspects of base 10, may have come to dominate the Minoan scientific community.
		That is to say, finding any number base within a weights and measures context, like Minoan base 12, may not imply anything related to that culture's system of numeration.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/V03/v03.n073 (5481 words)

	Weights and measures - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Canada - Weights and Measures Act 1970-71-72 ( http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/w-6/108519.html)
		Conversions of english and american weight units to metric units ( http://www.sengpielaudio.com/ConvWeig.htm)
		Weight and mass conversion, milligrams or micrograms to kilograms, weight of water, volume units, capacity measures and liter - Prefixes ( http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-milligram.htm)
	www.free-definition.com /Weights-and-measures.html (2489 words)

	English weights and measures: Home page
		Imperial weights and measures, English weights and measures, Customary weights and measures - they are all the same (almost!).
		The system of weights and measures in use in England has been developed over a period of more than a thousand years, and is a defining part of British culture, uniting the english-speaking nations.
		This document contains a brief note on current usage, together with more detailed information on the following: weights, lengths and areas, volumes, conversion factors to the dreaded metric system, wire gauges, pictures, money, history, links to other relevant sites, temperature scales and collecting weights.
	home.clara.net /brianp (212 words)

	Special page on anglo-saxon units
		Actually, the usual happened : the foot and the rod went slowly their separate ways, being used by different industries (the weaver and the farmer...) Things had to be straightened up and, as the foot and the rod were already entrenched, we find these strange figures : 16.5 ft/rod and 5280 ft/mile.
		The ancient yard (and foot) used in geodesic surveys is called the survey yard and the new one is the international yard.
		The Weights and Measures Act of 1824 defined an Imperial British Gallon to replace all others : it was to contain 10 pounds of pure water at 62°F (inspired by the decimal system ?) (= 4.54609 liters).
	members.aol.com /JackProot/met/spvolas.html (3597 words)

	Accession 88-152 - National Museum of History and Technology, Section of Mathematics, Research Records, circa 1954-1968
		This accession consists of weights and measurements records.
		The Federal Basis for Weights and Measures, 1958
		Weights and Measures, Exhibit, undated (Physical Science Hall)
	www.si.edu /archives/archives/findingaids/FA88-152.htm (85 words)

	ancient_weights_and_measures
		Starware search is an excellent resource for quality sites on ancient weights and measures and much more!
		Find ancient weights and measures and more at Lycos Search.
		Find ancient weights and measures at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.articlesgalore.com /documents/Ancient_weights_and_measures (203 words)

	Pharaonic Biblical Measures Cubit Chinese Lunar Mansions
		ASTE means "behind" in Latvian and is an ancient term for "female",
		Pharaonic "eight" is later normally the word KEMENI - s//k shift from asmeni.
		Imset is a mistranscription by the Egyptologists, since correct is IM-SET where IM is a determinative for something "measured, built, constructed", so the actual word is SET- as in Latvian SETA "gate, fence, fenced off, enclosed area".
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi95.htm (1511 words)

	An essay on the ancient weights and money, and the Roman and Greek liquid measures, with an appendix on the Roman and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An essay on the ancient weights and money, and the Roman and Greek liquid measures, with an appendix on the Roman and Greek foot
		An essay on the ancient weights and money, and the Roman and Greek liquid measures, with an appendix on the Roman and Greek foot was written by Robert Hussey
		Without An essay on the ancient weights and money, and the Roman and Greek liquid measures, with an appendix on the Roman and Greek foot Reviews
	www.limotransportation.info /books-plain/B0006AFPJU.html (130 words)

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