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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Classical music
		Classical music is music considered classical, as sophisticated and refined, in a regional tradition.
		For Western classical music this is the Classical music era, a period of about 50 years starting in the second half of the 18th century (with Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven as its most famous exponents).
		Classical music is sometimes defined as music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical and concert music.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Classical_music (871 words)

	Classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is usually a homophoric reference to European classical music and its derivative styles, and is rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
		This Classical music era is thus distinguished from, for example, the music of the preceding Baroque and the subsequent Romantic eras.
		It is with respect to this latter canon that the term 'classical music' was first used, in the 1820s and 1830s, denote a body of music that was compared to the classical traditions of art, sculpture and architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_music (307 words)

	History of music - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical and concert music.
		Early music is a general term used to describe music in the European classical tradition from after the fall of the Roman Empire, in 476 CE, until the end of the Baroque era in the middle of the 18th century.
		Music in the generation after Josquin explored increasing complexity of counterpoint; possibly the most extreme expression of this tendency is in the music of Nicolas Gombert, whose contrapuntal complexities influenced early instrumental music, such as the canzona and the ricercar, ultimately culminating in Baroque fugal forms.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/i/s/History_of_music.html (5304 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Music of Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Andalusian classical music is a style of classical music found across North Africa, though it evolved out of the music of Andalusia between the 10th and 15th centuries.
		Music is played everywhere in Morocco, from the muezzin which call the people to prayer to popular music being played at markets, music festivals (moussem) and performers at cafes.
		It is extremely complicated in musical structure, and its lyrics are characterised by the strict use of the Andalusian dialect or classical Arabic.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Music-of-Morocco (763 words)

	Music of Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Andalusian classical schools are spread across Morocco, having left Spain when the Moors and Jews were driven out of the country.
		Andalusian classical music uses instruments including oud (lute), rabab (fiddle), darbouka (goblet drums), taarija (tambourine), qanún (zither) and kamenjah (violin).
		Andalusian - Arabic - Assyrian - Berber - Islamic - Kurdish - Persian
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Morocco (1257 words)

	Classical music - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Classical music is generally thought of as sophisticated and refined; it may stem from a regional tradition, but aspires to universal form of communication.
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is a homophoric reference to European classical music, such as Beethoven's symphonies, and its derivative styles, and rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
		music of the Classical music era, roughly between 1740 and 1830 and characterized by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Josef Haydn
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/l/a/Classical_music.html (243 words)

	History of music - Music Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical and concert music.
		Early music is a general term used to describe music in the European classical tradition from after the fall of the Roman Empire, in 476 CE, until the end of the Baroque era in the middle of the 18th century.
		Music in the generation after Josquin explored increasing complexity of counterpoint; possibly the most extreme expression of this tendency is in the music of Nicolas Gombert, whose contrapuntal complexities influenced early instrumental music, such as the canzona and the ricercar, ultimately culminating in Baroque fugal forms.
	www.music.bestdownload.biz /music/index.php?title=History_of_music (4746 words)

	Arab music: genres
		Andalusian music is characterised by a complicated musical structure.
		Arab classical music is essentially the Andalusian music of the 10th to 15th centuries.
		It is extremely complicated in musical structure, and its lyrics are characterised by the strict use of the Andalusian dialect or classical Arabic.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/music/genres.htm (1223 words)

	Maghreb II (2 CD Set) By Israeli Andalusian Orchestra
		This double CD is the direct musical continuation of the Israeli Andalusian Orchestra's earlier disk, Maghreb I. On the first of the two CDs which make up Maghreb II is a selection of Andalusian Arab classical music.
		This repertoire is characterized by long pieces of exceptional musical richness and complexity, accompanied by equally complex poetic texts.
		The music on this CD was composed for a variety of family and community events, and listeners familiar with this type of music will recognize many of the pieces.
	www.jewishstore.com /Music/Products.asp?ProdID=SU-MGD032 (230 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Classical Arab music is extremely popular across the population, especially a small number of superstars known throughout the Arab world.
		Musical instruments that are found throughout the Arabian world and that represent a standardized tone system, are played with standardized performance techniques, and exhibit similar details in construction and design.
		The mosaiclike stringing together of musical form elements, that is, the arrangement in a sequence of small and smallest melodic elements, and their repetition, combination, and permutation within the framework of the tonal-spatial model.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Arab_music_.html (1672 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Andalusian classical music is a style of Arabic music found across North Africa, though it evolved out of the music of Andalusia between the 9th and 15th centuries.
		Andalusian classical music orchestras are spread across Morocco, including the cities of Fez, Tetouan, Chaouen, Tangier, Meknes, Rabat and Casablanca.
		Andalusian classical music orchestras use instruments including oud (lute), rabab (rebec), darbouka (goblet drums), taarija (tambourine), qanÃºn (zither) and kamenjah (violin).
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Andalusian_classical_music (368 words)

	Classical music at AllExperts
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is usually a homophoric reference to European classical music and its derivative styles, and is rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
		This Classical music era is thus distinguished from, for example, the music of the preceding Baroque and the subsequent Romantic eras.
		It is with respect to this latter canon that the term 'classical music' was first used, in the 1820s and 1830s, denote a body of music that was compared to the classical traditions of art, sculpture and architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/cl/classical_music.htm (320 words)

	Classical music
		Classical music is contrasted with popular or folk music.
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is a homophoric reference to European classical music, such as Beethoven's symphonies, and its derivative styles, and rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
		music of the Classical music era, roughly between 1740 and 1830 and characterized by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Josef Haydn
	abcworld.net /Classical_music.html (202 words)

	Music of Iran information - Search.com
		Dastgah is the music of those who have a greater share of, or affect to be in possession of, refined taste and high culture and as such, in spite of its present popularity has always been the preserve of the elite.
		Musical theatre in the form of Rohozi, whereby the covered pool in the middle of an inner courtyard served as a stage, is considered decadent by many Iranians.
		Moreover, Zubin Mehta, the world-famous classical conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, is of Iranian ancestry.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Music_of_Iran (2069 words)

	Music of Iran information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dastgah is the music of those who have a greater share of, or affect to be in possession of, refined taste and high culture and as such, in spite of its present popularity has always been the preserve of the elite.
		Musical theatre in the form of Rohozi, whereby the covered pool in the middle of an inner courtyard served as a stage, is considered decadent by many Iranians.
		Moreover, Zubin Mehta, the world-famous classical conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, is of Iranian ancestry.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Music_of_Iran (2067 words)

	MUSIC
		The Andalusian poetic forms of muwashshah and zajal swept through the entire Arab-speaking world during the late Middle Ages and rapidly became two of the most common of Arabic literary genres.
		The two oldest centers of Andalusian classical music are Constantine and Tlemcen; Algiers emerged as a third important site under the influence of the Tlemcenian school, but unlike Tlemcen it developed within a context that included strong Ottoman influences.
		These later developments in the Andalusian tradition were then further supplemented by local traditions that were composed in increasingly colloquial language though utilizing meters and musical elements of the older tradition.
	www.cacac.org /Music_of_Algeria.htm (2144 words)

	HOASM: The Iberian Masters
		Instrumental music, especially for organ and vihuela, attained an excellence equal to anything being produced in Europe while Spanish religious polyphony, which had distinctive individual qualities, was in the very first rank not only in its spiritual intensity but also in its musical achievement.
		The outstanding figure of the Andalusian school and one of Spain's greatest composers is Cristobal de Morales, the 'Divine Morales' as a modern writer has called him.
		Although virtually no music has survived from the 15th century, there is plenty of evidence to indicate the widespread cultivation of instruments which we must postulate to explain the glories of the 16th.
	www.hoasm.org /IVL/IVLSpanishMasters.html (1562 words)

	Fes Festival
		During her long stay in Fes, she met the last elderly guardians of the musical treasures of the Jews of Morocco, absorbing the influences of the particular spirit of this community deeply rooted in its spiritual history.
		Born in 1954 in the region of Fes, Mohamed Briouel began studying music in 1963 at the side of Hadj Abdelkrim Raïss, one of the undisputed masters of Andalusian music in the Maghreb.
		However, she was always fascinated by the music and songs of the Middle Atlas tradition through passionate and assiduous listening to the great masters of the classical style based on Maqams: Al Hamuli, Mohammed Othman, Salam Higazi, Yusuf Al Manyalawi.
	www.fesfestival.com /en/atlan.htm (1262 words)

	Musics of Algeria: Selected Recordings [MESA Bulletin, July 1995]
		Morocco to the west was never as directly exposed to Ottoman and eastern Arab musical traditions; Tunisia and Libya to the east have had far less contact with sub-Saharan and West African musics and far more direct contact with the musics of their eastern neighbors.
		The musical and literary flourescence that took place in the courtly circles of Islamic Spain (al-Andalus) from the 9th to 15th centuries eventually found refuge in exile along the North African littoral in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquest and the great expulsions (1492 for Jews, 1608-10 for the last Muslim populations).
		When listening to Andalusian music, it is well worth trying to pick out the distinctive deep “growling” of the rabaab, symbol of the old repertoire, which provides a basso continuo foundation for the music.
	w3fp.arizona.edu /mesassoc/Bulletin/reynolds.htm (2147 words)

	World Music Features Magical, Mystical Morocco World Music at Global Rhythm - The Destination for World Music
		Moroccoâs music is as enchanting and varied as its landscape.
		Rather, whether their music is traditional, contemporary, religious, or secular, these artists are making their voices heard in a larger marketplace.
		Although she often sings in French or Arabic, her compositions often utilize traditional Berber rhythms, and she is well known for lyrics that elucidate societal inequalities (often in the realm of gender inequality), as well as for poignant love songs.
	www.globalrhythm.net /WorldMusicFeatures/MagicalMysticalMorocco.cfm (3707 words)

	Morocco - Music
		Music is played everywhere in Morocco, from the muezzin which call the people to prayer to popular music being played at markets, music festivals (moussem) and performers at cafes.
		Zyriab invented the nuba, a suite which forms the basis of al-âla, the primary form of Andalusian classical music today, along with gharnati and milhûn.
		Andalusian classical schools are spread across Morocco, having left Spain when the Arabs were driven out of the country.
	www.allabout-morocco.com /Music-97.html (928 words)

	The violin - Andalusian Study and Research Centre - Morrocco
		The violin is the same everywhere, faithfully constructed in the same way, made out of the same woods, in an identical shape with four strings and bowed playing technique with one exception, the ultra-modern wood and steel electronic violin that has made its presence felt even in Arab and classical music.
		The German 19th century poet Heinrich Heine said it best when commenting on the musical season of 1843, "The violin is an instrument which has almost human caprices, and which is, so to speak, in sympathetic relation to the artist.
		The first examples of music written especially for the violin come from Italy and include concerti for six to 16 voices by Giovanni Gabrieli (1587) and Orfeo de Monteverdi (1607).
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/cera_c_txt04_en.html (836 words)

	Music, Dance and Drama (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since independence the Association of Andalusian Music in Casablanca has attempted to preserve examples of this music, collecting and writing down the melodies and words, which have been transmitted largely by ear.
		Moroccan Arab popular music, "Griha ", is musically similar to, but simpler than, the classical music and uses the popular, rather than the classical language.
		Berber music, even more closely linked to poetry than Arab music, is usually associated Wit/l the dance and varies considerably according to region.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Country_Specific/Morco_music.html (523 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . France - Play it Again, Maurice . Interview With dj Cheb i Sabbah: Music Everywhere \| PBS
		The same Judeo-Arabic Andalusian music that inspired Maurice El Medioni more than half a century ago is still enchanting younger generations of North African Jewish musicians.
		He was the flame or the torch of the Constantine School of Andalusian Music in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s.
		At first raï music was mainly sung by women, "cheikhats." The cheikhats were the women that started to sing raï songs, which usually had something to do with Muslim prohibitions, meaning alcohol and love.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/france/interviewsabbah.html (1720 words)

	Al-Andalus, instruments & costumes
		The classical Andalusian music tradition in Morocco is referred to simply as al-ala "the instrument," al-tarab al-Andalusi (Andalusian music) or more commonly it is most often referred to by my consultants as simply Andalusi (Andalusian).
		Amid controversy, a new musical school fusing "traditional" flamenco with outside influences (initially jazz and salsa) with was pioneered in the late 1960's by guitarist Paco de Lucía and singer Camarón de la Isla.
		The musical language of a culture (such as Andalusi, flamenco or Judeo-Spanish is something that is a lived experience which translates fully to all aspects of life.
	www.andalus.com /instruments.html (1192 words)

	Andalusi Music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The poetic corpus, besides classical poetry, comprises muwashshahat constructed around a new metre distinct from that of the traditional arûd, Andalusian zajal, and barwâla (Moroccan malhûn).
		This is why the Ministry of culture, in collaboration with the Maison des Cultures du Monde in Paris, bas taken the initiative in publishing the Al-ala anthology (Andalusi-Moroccan music) and introducing the public to the nûbâ al-'ushshâq in an interprétation by the orchestra of Moroccan Radio and Television (RTM) conducted by Haj Mohamed Toud.
		The nûbà al-'ushshâq is one of the most beautiful for its music as well as its poems and is also one of the most popular, its mîzân being played often at private and public celebrations.
	www.mincom.gov.ma /english/gallery/music/andalusi.html (1550 words)

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