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Topic: Andamanese

	LIFE STYLE OF ORIGINAL INHABITANTS
		An Andamanese belongs to a family, which belongs to a sept, which belongs a tribe, which belongs to a group of tribes or divisions of the race.
		The great amusement of the Andamanese is the formal evening or night dance which is a curious monotonous performance accompanied by drumming the feet rhythmically on a special rounding-board.
		The Andamanese are in the food gathering stage and subsist on whatever nature provides them near their environment.
	www.webindia123.com /territories/andaman/people/lifestyle.htm (1150 words)

	popoli
		The Andamanese present a no less unusual case: an extremely primitive and very ancient pygmy people, the last remnant of the oldest human population of Asia and likely to be among the earliest ancestors of many Asian and Australian people.
		There is their race: the Andamanese are Negritos and as such among the smallest (in stature as well as numbers) of all human races.
		The centre of all traditional Andamanese life was the local group, a sort of semi-nomadic village community of between 30 to 50 persons.
	erewhon.ticonuno.it /arch/rivi/popoli/andama1.htm (5223 words)

	SAMAR \| Lessons on Island Living (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		All Andamanese interactions with their environment were directed by a complex mythology that seems to encode their survival strategy.
		Sailors returned the compliment, believing the Andamanese to be cannibals who, if they could, "would seize and devour all the passengers they could lay their hands on," according to an 11th-century Arab text.
		Andamanese culture seems to acknowledge that, adept as the islanders may be at dealing with nature, they are exceedingly vulnerable to other humans.
	www.samarmagazine.org /archive/article.php?id=188 (2891 words)

	Deep Linguistic Prehistory with particular reference to Andamanese
		Noun-classifying Andamanese cannot be connected to a noun class hotbed, geographically or historically, and thus appears to form a clear noun class outlier.
		Andamanese languages may never have had an inclusive/ exclusive opposition, or they may have lost it at some stage in history (due to internal forces, if we exclude the possibility of Old World influence).
		Still, the isolated Andamanese languages, spoken by people who are believed to be descendants of the aboriginal population of Southeast Asia, can by all means be regarded as 'critical' and may, if added to Nichols' model, have a significant bearing upon her interpretation of linguistic prehistory.
	andaman.org /BOOK/reprints/burenhult/buhult-prehist/rep-burenhult.htm (5029 words)

	ANDAMAN ISLAND TRIBE MOVED TO CAPITAL
		The 43 Great Andamanese, already the most decimated of all the Andaman tribes, were living in a government settlement on Strait Island, but their village suffered serious damage in the tsunami.
		The Great Andamanese population was estimated at 5,000 in 1848, but plummeted following settlement by the British, who cut down their forest, stole their land and killed their game.
		Speaking to Survival in 2004, a Great Andamanese woman named Lichu voiced her fears for the fate of one of the most isolated of the Andaman tribes, the Jarawa.
	www.exodusnews.com /worldnews/world048.htm (315 words)

	Genetic tests track origins of 'first Asians'
		The few remaining Andamanese — 400 or 500 people in four tribes — occupy a cluster of remote islands in the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean, a spot rarely visited by outsiders.
		The surprise is that the Andamanese may actually represent the first Asians, an early wave of migrants from Africa who reached the area more than 40,000 years ago and have remained different from most of the other native peoples of Asia, the South Seas and Australia.
		Today, the Andamanese "exhibit low genetic variability," a phenomenon that fits their small numbers and their isolation, the researchers said.
	www.trussel.com /prehist/news309.htm (549 words)

	Andamanese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To be noted is the movement of the Jarawa from their original siting to the western coastlines; the confinement of the Onge and Great Andamanese to isolated settlements, and the complete extinction of the Jangil.
		The Andamanese is a collective term to describe the peoples who are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal.
		Besides the aboriginal people of Tasmania [1], the Andamanese were the only people who in the 19th century knew no method of making fire, carefully preserving embers in hollowed-out trees from fires caused by lightning strikes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andamanese (367 words)

	Andman
		This website on the Great Andamanese, primarily the Jero tribe was due to be launched in the middle of December 2004 but got delayed due to some unavoidable reasons, and then in the meantime Tsunami waves played havoc in the region.
		This is a report of the documentation project on the Great Andamanese which was jointly sponsored and funded by Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and the Department of Culture, MHRD, Govt of India, in the years 1994-96 and 1998-99.
		As far as the linguistic descriptions are concerned, Manoharan’s descriptive grammar of Andamanese, 1989 is probably the first study with extensive data in IPA, collected by the author using the field techniques of structural linguistics, while Chakraborty,1990 gives an anthropological description and the present day profile of the surviving members/ families of the tribe.
	www.jnu.ac.in /jero_andamanese/index1.html (613 words)

	Civilization and its islands of discontents / How an aboriginal people became endangered in India
		Her book is a travel narrative, and the most poignant moments are told firsthand, but the story is enriched by a great deal of research drawn from the journals of the British and Indian officials, anthropologists and missionaries who came to the islands starting in the mid-19th century.
		Captured Andamanese were absorbed into a system of "Andaman Homes," supervised living arrangements that were supposed to teach the indigenes the arts of civilization but more often taught them to drink, while exposing them to deadly new diseases.
		She encounters the tribes in the order in which they were discovered, which means, today, from most to least neutralized and dependent; and the eventual fate of each new group we meet seems to be sketched by that of the last one.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/08/17/RV302239.DTL (782 words)

	Andamanese languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The indigenous Andamanese peoples have lived on the islands for thousands, if not tens of thousands, of years, and for the great majority of this period their societies and languages have remained quite undisturbed by external influences.
		By the latter part of the 20th century the majority of Great Andamanese languages had become extinct, as the multi-lingual knowledge of the older generations was not replaced in succeeding ones.
		Joseph Greenberg proposed that these languages, or at least Great Andamanese, are related to the Papuan and Tasmanian languages as members of a phylum he called Indo-Pacific, and especially close to the western branches of Indo-Pacific.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andamanese_languages (1410 words)

	Tsunami Relief Operation
		Andamanese tribe inhabit only in two villages of the Islands, the Jarawas are inhabited in 6 villages, the Onges in 2 villages, Sentinelese in one village and Shom Pens in 17 villages.
		The Andamanese, Jarawas, Onges and Sentinelese are located in the Andamans district, Shom Pens primitive tribe group in Nicobars district, while Nicobarese tribes have presence both in the Andamans and Nicobars districts though the majority of them (91.23%) live in Nicorbars district.
		Total Andamanese population in the Union territory is 43 persons (24 males & 19 females) as per 2001 Census.
	www.indianngos.com /tsunami/pressrelease10.htm (1090 words)

	"Pygmy Negritos of the Andaman Islands - an interview with George Weber of the Andaman Association" by Steve ...
		DNA samples have been taken from Andamanese by Indian scientists -- they have exclusive access -- but whether, when, where, or how their results will be published is anybody's guess.
		The Andamanese do have a limited immunity against malaria (a very ancient human scourge), but the common cold or an ordinary flu, let alone pneumonia, measles or venereal diseases, can be deadly to them.
		A: They are the only Andamanese group that is today still as isolated as all the Andamanese were in the past.
	www.isteve.com /Andamanese.htm (2019 words)

	Wired News: Genes Reveal Andamanese Origins
		The researchers, led by Erika Hagelberg of the University of Oslo, believe the island people are descendents of Paleolithic humans, who migrated eastward out of Africa during the last ice age.
		While the Andamanese are physically similar to African pygmies, they have a distinct language and culture.
		Today, the Andamanese people are quickly disappearing from their island homes in the Bay of Bengal.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,56756,00.html (739 words)

	The Hindu : National : Andamanese tribal royals long for home
		King Jirake and Queen Surmai, who rule over 47-odd Great Andamanese surviving on the earth, are sure they can strike back at the devastation caused by the worst sea fury that they have seen.
		In an interview near the hospital where he is being treated for post-tsunami trauma, the king said he wanted to go back to the forests from the urban confines.
		According to official records, maintained by the Adibasi Adim Janajyti Bikash Samiti, the population of the Great Andamanese is now 49, as against 47 as recorded in the 2001 Census.
	www.hindu.com /2005/01/13/stories/2005011303022000.htm (524 words)

	CCMB unravels mystery
		The family of Andamanese languages is totally distinct and, as we know, it is not related to any language outside the Andaman islands.
		Intriguingly, Andamanese languages have grammatical and lexical affinities to the language spoken by the Kusunda, a isolated Nepalese ethnic group with the only language of the Asian mainland, which is thought to belong to the Indo-Pacific phylum.
		It is observed that the Andamanese are near extinction following the population reduction caused by “pacification” and disease.
	www.ccmb.res.in /newccmb/andaman/mystery.html (2598 words)

	popoli
		Among Andamanese, returning successful hunters often told their tale not in words but by acting out the scenes of the hunt for the delectation of the spectators.
		Another highly peculiar aspect of the Andamanese languages is the treatment of the words for "mother" and "father." They do not exist, at least not in the way we would expect them to exist.
		Andamanese grammar reflects the aboriginal view that the universe is subordinate to and created for the benefit of humanity, i.e.
	erewhon.ticonuno.it /arch/rivi/popoli/andama2.htm (2929 words)

	Andaman and Nicobar Islands Summary
		These two groups are separated by the 10° N parallel, the Andamans lying to the north of this latitude, and the Nicobars to the south.
		The capital of this territory is the Andamanese town of Port Blair.
		In the Andaman Islands, the various Andamanese peoples maintained their separated existence through the vast majority of this time, diversifying into distinct linguistic, cultural and territorial groups.
	www.bookrags.com /Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands (1601 words)

	Survival International \| related_material
		Hundreds of Great Andamanese were killed in conflicts with British settlers, as the tribe defended their territory from invasion.
		In 1970, the remaining Great Andamanese were moved to the tiny Strait Island by the Indian authorities, where they are now totally dependent on the government for food, shelter and clothing.
		Abuse of alcohol, often supplied with the compliance of government officials, is rife among the surviving Great Andamanese.
	www.survival-international.org /related_material.php?id=92 (706 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation
		When the idea of a female ruler was mooted, it sparked a heated debate among the Great Andamanese, whose numbers had fallen from 10,000 in the 1760s to 23 in the 1980s before inching up to 51.
		Welfare officials, who will be in close touch with the tribals until the coronation is over, said plans had been drawn up for a big feast of wild boar meat, fish and vegetables.
		The Great Andamanese are known for their bitter battles with the British near Port Blair and their rivalry with the Jarawas, another endangered tribe.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1051224/asp/nation/story_5639952.asp (649 words)

	Asian Studies Institute - Hostile Borders on Historical Landscapes: The Placeless Place of Andamanese Culturel
		[9] As an ethnographer of Andamanese culture, I have often wondered if the Jarwas appreciate at all that a boundary exists between their world of forest and the surrounding forest that is being invaded by the world.
		The Andamanese tribals have been portrayed since the late 18th century as isolated and primitive, even though the Andaman Islands are in one of the busiest sea lanes in the Bay of Bengal.
		[46] Similarly, the Andamanese Jarwas are portrayed as 'friendly' or 'hostile' depending on the nature of the contact that defines them, and of the outsider's perception of their passage across or existence within imposed boundaries.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /asianstudies/publications/working/hostile.html (9625 words)

	HindustanTimes.com
		The first of the tribal groups to fall prey to the might of the colonisers were the Great Andamanese.
		The Andamanese planned a counter attack from a camp at Jungleeghat in Port Blair but were routed after a settler, Doodnath Tiwari, working with the Andamanese defected and warned the British about the impending attack.
		In less than 40 years of their contact with the settlers, the Andamanese were nearly all gone, with a pneumonia outbreak in 1863, a measles epidemic 14 years later and an influenza in 1896.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/specials/andaman/rel20311.html (412 words)

	Current Projects - Genetic Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarawas and Sentinelese are the four major tribal populations in Andaman Islands and they are the fastest declining tribes.
		These tribes may be direct descendants of first migrants from Africa to Asia and have maintained their genetic purity since then without being influenced by modern medicine.
		DNA samples from Great Andamanese, Nicobarese, Jarawas and Onges have been analyzed using markers from Y chromosome and mitochondria.
	icmr.nic.in /rmrcpb/projects/ccmb.htm (280 words)

	Press Release for The Land of Naked People published by Houghton Mifflin Company
		Mukerjee, who received a Guggenheim Fellowship to research this book, chronicles the lives of four tribes of Andamanese who were introduced to modern influences at different periods, from the Great Andamanese (the most assimilated group) to the Sentinelese (the least integrated).
		For the Andamanese living on the main islands, where the British established a penal colony, contact meant defeat in war, loss of territory, and death by disease — the islanders had been so isolated for so long that they had no immunity to our diseases.
		Most of all, it was fascinating to see the process by which the Andamanese were adapting to civilization, and the things they were giving up along the way — their material independence, their pride.
	www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com /booksellers/press_release/mukerjee (1525 words)

	Myths and Legends of The Andamans: Chapter IV: Myths and Legends
		CHAPTER IV THE Andamanese have a number of stories which are told to the younger people by their elders and relate to the doings of their ancestors in a time long ago.
		In the case of magical remedies there is a certain common stock of beliefs as to the efficacy to be attributed to different substances, such as leaves of different plants, and on the basis of these beliefs the oko-ǰumu elaborates the remedies that he uses in particular cases.
		In some of the Andamanese languages the names of these two are very similar, the only difference being a very slight one in the way of pronouncing the two vowels.
	sacred-texts.com /asia/tai/tai04.htm (14006 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka / Mysore News : Need to preserve Onge, Great Andamanese tribes stressed
		MYSORE: The Indian tribes of Onge and the Great Andamanese from Nicobar Islands can hold the key to understanding human evolution and hence need to be preserved, Lalji Singh, Director, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, has said.
		Scientists used the mtDNA sequence to trace the emigration of Andamanese and compared the complete mtDNA sequences of these tribes with other populations.
		It was found that the mtDNA of these two tribes did no match that of any of the populations in the world, including the 6,500 covering the Indian sub-continent.
	www.hindu.com /2006/07/11/stories/2006071110410300.htm (344 words)

	People & Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Out of the six aboriginal tribes inhabiting these Islands five, namely, the Shompens, the Onges, the Great Andamanese, the Sentinelese and the Jarawas are primitive tribes.
		The Great Andamanese are one of the four Negrito tribes of the Andamans.
		The Andamanese were defeated and killed in the famous 'Battle of Aberdeen' fought in 1859.
	www.andamanindia.com /people.htm (597 words)

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