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	Andean Community of Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Andean Community of Nations (in Spanish: Comunidad Andina de Naciones, abbreviated CAN) is a trade bloc comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (which is in the process of leaving the bloc).
		The trade bloc was called the Andean Pact until 1996 and came into existence with the signing of the Cartagena Agreement in 1969.
		In August 2003, the Andean Community and Mercosur Foreign Ministers, during a meeting in Montevideo at which the CAN delivered a working proposal containing guidelines for the negotiation, reaffirmed their governments' political determination to move ahead with the negotiation of a free trade agreement between the two blocs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andean_Pact (1000 words)

	PERU: NATIONAL TRADE ESTIMATE REPORT - 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Peru is a member of the Andean Pact but does not fully participate in the Pact's free trade arrangements or abide by the Pact's common external tariff (CET).
		In late 1993 the Andean Pact passed two Decisions on the protection of patent and trademarks and of plant varieties -- Decisions 344 and 345 -- which took effect in Peru as of January 1, 1994.
		Andean Pact Decision 351, which took effect in Peru on January 1, 1994, establishes a generally effective and Berne-consistent system.
	www.mac.doc.gov /tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries5/Peru/NationalTrade/1996/CountryReport.html (1490 words)

	The Andean Pact: in the forefront of the integration movement Business America - Find Articles
		The Andean Pact, which began with the Cartagena Agreement in 1969, is one of the oldest free trade movements still existing today.
		Another part of the Act of Barahona specifies that Andean Pact members will finalize a four-level, common external tariff (5, 10, 15, and 20 percent) effective April 30, 1994 (this is a target date; there have been a number of delays to date).
		Andean Pact Decision 353 of April 4, 1994 announced the terms of Peru's full return to the Pact.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1052/is_n5_v115/ai_16042990 (786 words)

	Project on International Courts and Tribunals
		The Andean Community (Comunidad Andina), previously known as the Andean Pact or Andean Common Market, is a sub-regional economic integration organization, originally created by the Cartagena Agreement of May 26, 1969, encompassing five Latin-American States: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
		The Cartagena Agreement was subsequently modified in 1987 by the Quito Protocol (the Andean Pact Treaty), by the Trujillo Act of March 10, 1996, and by the Protocol of Sucre signed on June 25, 1997.
		The Court of Justice of the Andean Community (TJAC) is the judicial body and an integral part of the Andean Community.
	www.pict-pcti.org /courts/TJAC.html (308 words)

	Andean Group - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Andean Group (Grupo Andino) is a trade organization in Lima, Peru.
		In 1969, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru established the group by the Treaty of Cartagena.
		The group created a free trade area called the Andean Pact in 1992.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andean_Group (81 words)

	Andean - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Andean Community, organization of South American countries located along the Andes Mountains, whose aim is to facilitate development of member...
		Condor, common name for two species of large vultures, the Andean condor and the California condor.
		The Andean condor is the largest flying bird in the world.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=Andean&pg=1&grp=art (260 words)

	Leaving Andean pact won't hurt Venezuela: minister - Boston.com
		Chavez, who has attacked members of the bloc for signing trade pacts with the United States said on Wednesday that Venezuela was withdrawing from the group.
		Andean Community members Colombia and Peru have signed free-trade agreements with the United States.
		She said trade between the countries would not be affected and no jobs would be lost, and that new ones would be created as areas such as the textile, plastics and petrochemical industries were allowed to flourish.
	www.boston.com /news/world/latinamerica/articles/2006/04/22/leaving_andean_pact_wont_hurt_venezuela_minister (266 words)

	The Head Heeb: The Peruvian election and Andean regionalization
		The Andean Community traces its descent to the Andean Pact of 1969, and the treaty's drafters had the European Economic Community model very much in mind, including a powerful hybrid legislative-executive body and relatively weak deliberative institutions.
		One of the fruits of this pressure is a 1997 protocol calling for the gradual transformation of the parliament, which was previously appointed by the member countries' legislatures, into a directly elected body.
		The Andean region may, in other words, be starting on the next stage of the path toward European-style regionalization, with the regional integration framework including not only shared development and economic regulation but human rights and democratic governance.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/031899.html (755 words)

	Chronicle of Latin American Economic Affairs; April 4, 1996
		Throughout the 1970s, the structure of the pact was based on the free trade schemes of the 1960s that aimed to forge a protected local market for liberalized trade in services and goods among the member countries, free from competition by outside nations.
		The Andean nations had been negotiating, unsuccessfully, the adoption of a CET and a common customs nomenclature since the Cartagena Accord was signed in 1969.
		Although the Andean heads of state have met semiannually since 1992 to review the progress in free trade, their decisions did not carry the weight of law within the Andean Pact.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/claea/h96/claea.19960404.html (5161 words)

	SCADPlus: EEC-Andean Pact Cooperation Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		However the provisions of this Agreement replace those of agreements concluded between the Member States and the Andean Pact countries where they are incompatible with, or identical to, the provisions of this Agreement.
		To facilitate cooperation the Andean Pact countries will grant Commission experts the guarantees and facilities they require and exempt goods and services to be imported for this purpose from taxes, duties and other contributions.
		Prior to the conclusion of this Agreement the Community and the Andean Pact countries signed a Cooperation Agreement in 1983, the Rome Declaration was adopted on 20 December 1990 and final communiqués were issued in Luxembourg on 27 April 1991 and by the ministerial conference in Santiago on 29 May 1992.
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/r14008.htm (1494 words)

	Phrma: Issues & Policy: International: NTE: Andean Community
		As of January 1, 1994, the Governments of the Andean Community adopted Decision 344, which improved former Decision 313 in providing a 20-year patent term, reversal of the burden of proof in cases of alleged patent infringement and immediate implementation.
		A second way in which the intellectual property environment could be improved in the Andean Pact, until adequate and effective de jure patent protection is in place, is for these countries to implement and enforce provisions guarding against the unauthorized commercial use of company proprietary data, as per the principles outlined in TRIPS Article 39.
		The Andean Pact should adopt a ten-year period standard against the use of proprietary data submitted for registration purposes, as is the case in several EU countries.
	www.cptech.org /ip/health/phrma/nte-99/andean.html (1568 words)

	Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. - A-Ar
		In the case of an asset, it involves expensing the item over the time period it is thought to be consumed.
		The Andean Pact is one of the world's oldest free trade movements.
		It was founded in 1969 by the Cartagena Agreement to encourage cooperation among members, and to improve their position in the international context.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /encyclopedia/A-Ar/index.html (1175 words)

	Venezuela CUSTOMS AND DUTIES
		Customs duties are levied based on the Andean Pact's common external tariff (CET), divided among 4 rates: 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%.
		The ad valorem duty system was adopted in 1973 to harmonize Venezuela's tariff structure with that of the other members of the Andean Pact.
		In 1995, Venezuela also implemented the Andean Pact with Colombia and Ecuador that established common external tariffs.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Venezuela-CUSTOMS-AND-DUTIES.html (269 words)

	TJAC - Introductory Note
		The Andean Community ("Comunidad Andina"), previously known as the Andean Pact or Andean Common Market, is a sub-regional economic integration organization, originally created by the Cartagena Agreement of May 26, 1969, (1) encompassing five Latin-America States: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
		The Cartagena Agreement was subsequently modified in 1987 by the Quito Protocol (the Andean Pact Treaty) (2), by the Trujillo Act of March 10, 1996 (3), and by the Protocol of Sucre signed on June 25, 1997 (4).
		The Trujillo Act modified it into the "Court of Justice of the Andean Community" (6), and its statute was later modified by the Cochabamba Protocol signed on May 28, 1996 (7).
	www.pict-pcti.org /matrix/IntroNotes/IntroNote-TJAC.htm (465 words)

	Andean Trade Pact: ANYTHING BUT POPULAR - Argentina/Uruguay/Parguay Miscellaneous - Anarkismo
		The pact has been the target of other demonstrations in other countries in the past as well.
		The same day, October 27, the groups participating in the “social round” issued the “Andean Declaration of Guayaquil,” reiterating their rejection of the TLC negotiations and announcing their intention to deepen and expand their struggle against the trade pact.
		Riordan Roett, director of Latin American studies at Johns Hopkins University speaking of the popular opposition to the Andean trade pact, told the New York Times there was more than just a backlash against market reforms and the perceived trade agenda of the United States.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=1497 (1247 words)

	The Andean Pact relaunched: implications for the United States - Treaty of Cartagena Business America - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In May 1987, the Andean Pact nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) agreed on important changes in the Treaty of Cartagena that, when implemented, will ensure greater flexibility in the rules affecting traders and investors in the Andean region.
		The changes are both symbolically important and vital to the survival of the Pact, which has been largely inoperative in recent years due to member noncompliance with rules, the adverse effects of the international recession, debt problems, and conflicting national interests.
		incorporation of the Andean parliament and the Andean court as main agencies of the Andean Pact.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1052/is_v10/ai_5230723 (890 words)

	Andean Pact
		An Andean Committee on Genetic Resources is hereby created, comprising the directors of the Competent National Authorities on access to genetic resources, or their representatives, advisors, and representatives of other sectors concerned, as designated by each Member Country.
		The Member Countries shall, subject to their internal legislation, create or strengthen funds or other types of financial mechanism based on the benefits arising from access and resources from other sources, with the aim of promoting compliance with the terms of the present decision, to be managed by the Competent National Authority.
		The Board may, based on a resolution and prior opinion from the Andean Committee on Genetic Resources, perfect or adjust by resolution the procedure described in Chapters I and II of Title V of this decision.
	www.lclark.edu /org/ielp/andeaneng.html (5317 words)

	Andean Community - Comunidad Andina 2006
		Colombian Foreign Minister María Consuelo Araujo pointed out this afternoon that, for her country “deepening Andean integration is a State policy.” She made this statement at the formal session in which she was received at the CAN General Secretariat, in Lima.
		Lima, August 9, 2006.- The Andean Community and Venezuela today signed a Memorandum of Understanding whereby the trade advantages received and granted to the parties pursuant to the Andean Liberalization Program will remain fully effective despite Venezuela’s denunciation of the Cartagena Agreement this past April 22.
		The Acting Secretary General of the Andean Community, Dr. Alfredo Fuentes, this morning hailed the formal invitation extended by the Andean Presidents to Chile to become an Associate Member of the Andean subregional bloc.
	www.comunidadandina.org /endex.htm (519 words)

	GRAIN \| Seedling \| 1995 \| BIODIVERSITY SELL-OUT IN THE A
		Colombia, as all the other Andean Pact countries, until recently had national intellectual property rights (IPR) legislations that were rather loose and mostly oriented towards the protection of industrial inventiveness.
		Once the Andean Pact had approved the two Decisions on patents and plant breeders' rights, and several countries had turned it into national legislation, the development of this provision has become the focus of NGO efforts to win space for communal rights over genetic resources.
		A common regime on access to genetic resources among the five Andean Pact country members would mean levelling the rules of the game for a very important part of the world's biodiversity.
	www.grain.org /seedling/?id=114 (2133 words)

	Andean Community
		The Andean Council of Foreign Ministers and the Commission of the Andean Community are the policy-setting and decision-making bodies.
		The General Secretariat of the Andean Community is the executive body of the Andean Community which, starting on August 1, 1997, took on, among other things, the functions of the Board of the Cartagena Agreement.
		The Court of Justice of the Andean Community is the judicial body of the Andean Community.
	training.itcilo.it /actrav_cdrom1/english/global/blokit/andean.htm (460 words)

	GlobalAtlanta.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Agricultural policies must still be ironed out before the trade agreement can be finished, but representatives for the three Andean countries were optimistic that the deal could be concluded by the end of the year.
		Bruce suggested that the pending U.S.-Andean pact can serve to put pressure on countries that are more resistant to free trade, such as Brazil and Venezuela, urging them to buy into hemisphere free trade in order not to be left out.
		The three Andean nations already have duty-free access to U.S. markets for thousands of products, which was awarded to them to help reduce economic dependence on illegal drug production and trafficking, but those provisions expire next year.
	www.globalatlanta.com /newsmanager/templates/custom2.asp?articleid=1152&zoneid=1 (646 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Andean Pact: Mr Dunt made a presenm4on on the opportunities for BAT in the Andean Pact territories.
		In his opinion the Andean Pact Common Market will only be operational in the medium term between Venezuela and Colombia, with a subsequent agreement being signed with Me)dco as a further step in the G3 grouping.
		The Colombian market is by far the largest in the Andean Pact at 31.2bn and a very high proportion is Duty Not Paid.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco/batco/OCR/4900/4914.txt (751 words)

	Andean Trade Fantasies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Andean Act’s alleged effects, however, pale beside the immense scale of the drug trade and its economic impact on South America.
		Moreover, the Andean Act is just one of a series of trade openings granted recently to third world countries whose main effects are to plunge them all into competition for shares of a U.S. market that simply can’t absorb their output.
		But perhaps most disturbing about the Andean Pact is its contribution to the myth that more and bigger NAFTA-style trade agreements are the cure for whatever threatens American security, prosperity, or social health.
	www.americaneconomicalert.org /view_art.asp?Prod_ID=431 (1189 words)

	Legal Enviroment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Also, the Andean Pact, of which Venezuela is a party, has two intellectual property agreements.
		Two Andean Pact decisions on the protection of patents and trademarks and of plant varieties have been in effect in Venezuela since January 1, 1994, and October 29, 1993, respectively.
		The decisions are comprehensive and offer a significant improvement over previous standards of intellectual property protection provided by the Andean Pact countries.
	www.american.edu /carmel/dg5043a/page23.htm (378 words)

	TaxNewsFlash-Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The value of the shares held by a Colombian shareholder in a company domiciled in another Member Country of the Andean Pact are not subject to the net patrimony (or equity) tax.
		In accordance with article 3 of the Andean double taxation treaty (Decision 578 of 2004 of the Andean Community of Nations), the Colombian DIAN determined that dividends obtained by an entity domiciled in Colombia and distributed by a company domiciled in another Andean Member Country are to be exempt for Colombian income tax purposes.
		In accordance with article 17 of the Andean double taxation treaty, the Colombian DIAN determined that the value of the shares held by a Colombian investor in a company domiciled in another Member Country of the Andean Pact are not be subject to the net equity tax.
	www.us.kpmg.com /microsite/TNF-Americas/2006/TNA06_18Colombia.html (728 words)

	Andean HR 3009
		Add to this the fact that labor rates in the Andean countries are $0.69 per hour and less.
		In an effort to expand canned tuna trade benefits to the Andean Pact countries and ensure the continued viability of the U.S. tuna fishing and processing industries, I have worked to build a bi-partisan base of support for compromise.
		The compromise amendment also includes a source of origin provision, patterned after the European Union’s agreement with the Andean Pact countries, to ensure that all tuna entering the U.S. duty-free is caught by Andean or U.S. flag ships.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/speech/as00_faleomavaega/andeantradefeb0702.htm (2470 words)

	U.S., Peru Strike Free-Trade Agreement
		Peru is one of several countries negotiating with Washington to forge a U.S.-Andean trade pact, which would eventually eliminate almost all barriers to commerce among the participating countries in a manner similar to the North American Free Trade Agreement.
		It was not clear yesterday whether the Bush administration would insist on waiting for the other countries before seeking to push an Andean pact through Congress or whether the Peru accord might advance on its own at some point.
		Most Andean exports already enjoy duty-free treatment in the United States under a special arrangement aimed at boosting the region's economies, but free-trade agreements are more comprehensive and do not require repeated congressional re-authorization.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/afta/3820.html (622 words)

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