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Topic: Anders Johann Lexell

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	Anders Johan Lexell Summary
		Lexell was proven correct when John Adams and Urbain Le Verrier's calculations led to the discovery of Neptune in 1846.
		Anders Johan Lexell (December 24 1740 – December 11 1784 (Julian calendar: November 30)) was a Finnish-Swedish-born Russian astronomer and mathematician.
		Lexell showed that the comet had had a much larger perihelion distance until an encounter Jupiter in 1767, and he predicted that, after encountering Jupiter again at an even closer distance two revolutions later, in 1779, it would be altogether expelled from the inner solar system.
	www.bookrags.com /Anders_Johan_Lexell (354 words)

	The Euler Archive: Euler's Disciples (Students)
		Anders Johann Lexell (1740 - 1784) was an astronomer and mathematician.
		Lexell was present on the day of Euler's death; he had been discussing with Euler and Fuss the orbit of Uranus.
		Later, Lexell became the first to compute Uranus' orbit; his calculations showed that (1) from its orbit, it was a planet rather than a comet, and (2) from perturbations in its orbit, another planet must have existed (the subsequently discovered Neptune).
	www.math.dartmouth.edu /~euler/historica/disciples.html (852 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Anders Johan Lexell
		Anders Johan Lexell (December 24 1740 – December 11 1784 (Julian calendar: November 30)) was a Swedish-Russian astronomer and mathematician.
		He computed the orbit of comet D/1770 L1 (Lexell), and it is named after him although it was discovered by Charles Messier.
		This comet made the closest known approach to Earth by any comet in history (although asteroids have come closer), making it the first known near-Earth object; the exact distance is not known but has been estimated to have been within 3 million km.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Anders_Lexell (363 words)

	Tumbling Stone 3 - Comet Lexell- part2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		he work of Johann Anders Lexell on the periodic comet that bears his name was brilliant and innovative, but did not put an end to the investigations on the motion of that extraordinary object.
		Lexell had shown that, because of the orbital period of the comet - it was resonant with that of Jupiter - there had been a first close encounter with the giant planet before the discovery, in 1767, and that another, deeper one, was to take place in 1779.
		Johann Gottried Galle, an astronomer of the Berlin Observatory, was able to observe the planet using Le Verrier's calculations.
	spaceguard.esa.int /tumblingstone/issues/num3/lexell2.htm (1275 words)

	Science Timeline
		In 1704, Johann Sebastian Bach began composing music--music which was related to the musical consequences of the Pythagorean-Platonic proportional number systems, i.e., "the creation of the universe according to...the Timaeus, the best exposition of the numerical world-order Bach intended to depict" (Humphreys 1983:30-13).
		In 1727, George Graham and Anders Celcius, independently, determined that a disturbance on the sun was a magnetic storm.
		In 1755, Johann Tobias Mayer, grasping "an advance that applied directly to the longitude problem..., created the first set of lunar tables for the Moon's location at twelve-hour intervals" (Sobel 1995:97).
	www.sciencetimeline.net /1651.htm (5037 words)

	nayati voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Fauth (crater) 12 km Philipp Johann Heinrich Fauth
		MÄdler (Lunar crater) 27 km Johann Heinrich MÄdler
		SchrÖter (Lunar crater) 35 km Johann Hieronymus Schröter
	nayati4bap.blogspot.com (7203 words)

	The Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment 1735
		Anders Lexell was one of the leading astronomers on comets of this time, so was definitely intrigued about Herschel’s discovery.
		Lexell observed that the “comet” never formed a tail during its orbit and correctly claimed it to be a new planet.
		Again, Herschel and Lexell would be connected as Herschel’s wife, Caroline, would become a leading astronomer on comets as she located 8 new comets in a period of 11 years.
	www.kvo27.com /industrial_revolution_packet.htm (4659 words)

	Discovery of Uranus
		Anders Lexell suggested the Neptune of George III or Neptune of Great Britain: but other astronomers thought this a strange suggestion as it had been discovered by world wide and not just British.
		Titius calculated that perhaps an undiscovered body lay at a radius of 28 units, he dared not suggest a planet as it was fifteen years before Herschel discovered Uranus and there was no suspicions that there might be a new planet, but Titius guessed a neighbouring planet or moon.
		Johann Elert Bode came across Titius' table when finishing a book of his, he found it quite interesting and copied it almost word for word into his own book, but suggested a planet rather than moon.
	www.phsc.vic.edu.au /collegedocs/student_stuff/uranus/uranus.htm (2959 words)

	Poutanen
		Anders Johann Lexell "matematiikan professori Pietarista" laski ensimmäisten joukossa uuden kappaleen radan ja ilmoitti, että kyseessä on planeetta.
		Onneksi suomentaja on lisännyt huomautuksen, että Lexell on suomalainen matemaatikko ja tähtitieteilijä — tosin hieman turhan vaatimattomasti.
		Turussa syntynyt Lexell oli ensimmäinen kansainvälisesti kuuluisa suomalainen tähtitieteilijä, Pietarin Tiedeakatemian apulainen, varsinainen jäsen, ja Leonhard Eulerin kuoltua tämän seuraaja matemaattisen osaston johtajana.
	www.tsv.fi /TTAPAHT/992/poutanen.htm (1255 words)

	BODE'S LAW AND THE DISCOVERY OF CERES
		Towards the end of the century, the young Johannes Kepler, in one of the first publications that were irrevocably heliocentric, his Mysterium cosmographicum (1596), sought to make sense of the dimensions of the planetary system.
		On the other hand, if it was a planet, then it was simplest to assume a circular orbit, and Lexell was one of a number of astronomers who, finding that parabolic orbits were incompatible with the observations, investigated circular orbits.
		Lexell derived for the radius of the orbit the excellent value of 18.93 AU - that is, with the radius of Saturn's orbit put at 100, a distance that compared well with the prediction of 196 from the Titius-Bode relation.
	www.astropa.unipa.it /versione_inglese/Hystory/BODE'S_LAW.htm (4661 words)

	Anders Lexell - Wikipédia
		Anders Johan Lexell (24 décembre 1740 – 11 décembre 1784) était un astronome et mathématicien suédois-russe.
		Lexell montra que la comète avait eu une large périhélie jusqu'à ce qu’elle rencontre Jupiter en 1767.
		L’astéroïde (2004) Lexell fut nommé en son honneur.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anders_Lexell (265 words)

	D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
		Charles Messier (France) had just completed an observation of Jupiter and was in the process of observing several nebulosities he had seen in 1764, when he discovered this comet in Sagittarius on 1770 June 14.95.
		Prosperin noted that Messier's observations could not be represented by a parabola and suggested that the comet moved in an elliptical orbit.
		Lexell noted that the comet may have been placed in its 1770 orbit as a result of a very close approach to Jupiter in 1767.
	cometography.com /pcomets/1770l1.html (883 words)

	Biographical notes
		Hüpsch, Johann Wilhelm Carl Adolph de, Baron de Loutzen (1729?-1805).
		Johannes Luchtmans together with his brother Samuel took over their father's bookshop and publishing house in 1755.
		A new chair in chemistry, a laboratory, a botanical garden were founded at the initiative of Mennander.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/C18/pr/lc/bio.html (4614 words)

	Astronomy in 1801
		Halley and his cronies didn’t believe him, but when Flamsteed intimated that it was the same comet that had been observed by Johannes Kepler in 1607, Halley publicly claimed the hypothesis for his own, and predicted a return of the comet in 1757.
		Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777), a worshipper of Newton at the Berlin Academy, said he’d be surprised if anybody bought the manuscripts, as they were only fit to be museum pieces.
		In August, LaPlace claimed that the object was the comet discovered by Lexell in 1770, but its orbit had been perturbed by a close encounter with Jupiter, and hence had reappeared early.
	www.wlym.com /~animations/ceres/Interim/interim_peter.html (8285 words)

	Charles Messier
		He measured its position on September 12, 1758, and it later became the first entry, M1, in his famous catalog -- this object later turned out to be one of the most interesting objects in the sky, the remnant of the supernova 1054, now commonly called the Crab nebula.
		He also discovered Comet Lexell that year; this comet was however not named for its discoverer, Charles Messier, but for the calculator of its orbit, Anders Lexell, a Finnish astronomer and mathematician working at St. Petersburg Observatory.
		Others, namely Boscovich, Lexell, Lalande and Mechain, obtained the same result, and confirmed that Uranus was orbiting the sun beyond Saturn's orbit.
	www.messiermarathon.com /about.htm (3313 words)

	Linnaeus: Biographical Notes
		Botanist and sylviculturist in Berlin, disciple of Anton Wilhelm Platz and Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, supervisor of Caspar Bose’s garden 1731-1735, professor at the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum in 1746.
		Went with Johann Georg Gmelin to Siberia and came as the only member of the expedition to Kamchatka.
		Together with his brother Johannes he took over his father’s bookshop and publishing house at Leiden in 1755.
	www.scricciolo.com /linnaeus_notes.htm (3148 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It was also this first discovery of a comet-like nebula which triggered Messier to both looking for comets with telescopes, thus "inventing" comet hunting, a new discipline of astronomy in these days, and to compile his catalog of nebulous objects which might be taken for comets.
		This occurred about 2 weeks after he had discovered another comet, on June 14, which became known as Comet Lexell; unusually, this comet was not named for its discoverer, Charles Messier, but for the calculator of its orbit, Anders Lexell, a Finnish astronomer and mathematician working at St. Petersburg Observatory.
		Others, namely Boscovich, Lexell, Lalande and Méchain, obtained the same result, and confirmed that Uranus was orbiting the sun beyond Saturn's orbit.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /newburyas/history/elizabethhodges.html (4449 words)

	Consulate General of Sweden - Sweden and Saint Petersburg
		The natural historian Erik Laxman (1737-96) and astronomer Anders Johan Lexell (1740-84), both Swedish Finns, were ordinary members, while Carl Linnaeus and Per Vilhelm Wargentin, the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science (1717-83), were honorary members (as was, incidentally, Gustaf III (1746-92), if on other grounds).
		His superior for many years was Oskar Backlund (1846-1916), who, like Lexell, worked on mathematical calculations of the movements of comets.
		Fredrik (or Fyodor) Lidvall (1870-1945) was born in St Petersburg, one of the eight children of Johann Petter Lidvall, a master tailor who had emigrated from the far north of Sweden in the mid-18th century and was eventually appointed tailor to the Russian Imperial Court.
	www.swedenabroad.com /pages/general____41937.asp (3165 words)

	Leonhard Euler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Allievo di Johann Bernoulli, è noto per essere tra i più prolifici di tutti i tempi ed ha fornito contributi storicamente cruciali in svariate aree: analisi infinitesimale, funzioni speciali, meccanica razionale, meccanica celeste, teoria dei numeri, teoria dei grafi.
		Eulero tenne contatti con numerosi matematici del suo tempo; in particolare tenne una lunga corrispondenza con Christian Goldbach confrontando con lui alcuni dei propri risultati.
		Egli inoltre seppe coordinare il lavoro di altri matematici che gli furono vicini: i figli Johann Albrecht Euler e Christoph Euler, i membri dell'Accademia di San Pietroburgo W. Krafft e Anders Johan Lexell e il suo segretario e nipote Nicolaus Fuss; a tutti i collaboratori riconobbe i meriti.
	www.1bx.com /it/Eulero.htm (510 words)

	[No title]
		Balmer +------------------------------------------------------------ Balmer Balmer Johann (1825-1898) +------------------------------------------------------------
		Faulhaber +------------------------------------------------------------ Faulhaber Faulhaber Johann (1580-1635) +------------------------------------------------------------
		Lexell +------------------------------------------------------------ Lexell Lexell Anders (1740-1784) +------------------------------------------------------------
	www.math.harvard.edu /~knill/sofia/data/mathematicians.txt (6427 words)

	Lexell anders johann
		GiÃ¹lio Natterer, Johann August natura non facit saltus naturalista...
		Gilbert Newton Lexell, Anders Johann Leyden, Ernst Viktor von- Leydig,...; Lexell, Anders JohannTerrauniverso.net: Lexell, Anders Johann.
		Lexell, Anders Johann · tÃ¨rzo · Caporali, Ãttore · Ã²rbita...; Lexell, Anders JohannItMatematica.net: Lexell, Anders Johann.
	xoomer.alice.it /monelacel/images/eljljlonu (262 words)

	Pierre_Simon_de_Laplace Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It does appear that Laplace was not modest about his abilities and achievements, and he probably failed to recognise the effect of his attitude on his colleagues.
		Anders Johan Lexell visited the Académie des Sciences in Paris in 1780-81 and reported that Laplace let it be known widely that he considered himself the best mathematician in France.
		The effect on his colleagues would have been only mildly eased by the fact that Laplace was very likely right.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Pierre_Simon_de_Laplace (2971 words)

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