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	Andre Massena
		Andre Massena (May 6, 1758 - April 4, 1817) was a French soldier and a Marshal in the armies of Napoleon.
		In 1799 Massena was granted an command in Switzerland and his victory over the Russians under Alexander Suvarov[?] and Alexander Korsakov[?] at the 2nd Battle of Zurich[?] in September, forcing Russia from the Second Coalition[?].
		Massena then returned to Italy and led his forces into the unfortunate debacle at Genoa before commanding in the tough Battle of Marengo (June 14, 1800) and was then made commander of the French forces in Italy, but he was soon dismissed for looting.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Andre_Massena.html (505 words)

	Informat.io on Andr Mass Na (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		André Masséna (May 6, 1758, Nice – April 4, 1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France.
		In 1799 Massena was granted a command in Switzerland and was victorious over the Russians under Alexander Korsakov at the Second Battle of Zurich in September, forcing Russia from the Second Coalition.
		Massena then returned to Italy and led his forces into the unfortunate debacle at Genoa which was one of his greatest military achievements before commanding in the tough Battle of Marengo (June 14, 1800) and was then made commander of the French forces in Italy, but he was soon dismissed for looting.
	www.informat.io /?title=andr-mass-na (618 words)

	Andre Massena - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ANDRE MASSENA, or Andrea, duke of Rivoli, prince ' of Essling (1756-1817), the greatest of Napoleon's marshals, son of a small wine merchant, it is said of Jewish origin, was born at Nice on the 6th of May 1756.
		Massena's next important service was in command of the army in Switzerland, which united the army in Germany under Moreau, and that in Italy under Joubert.
		Massena was chosen; he kept the archduke occupied till he received news of the surrender of Ulm, and then on the 30th of October defeated him in the battle of Caldiero.
	www.1911ency.org /M/MA/MASSENA_ANDRE.htm (1361 words)

	Napoleonic Marshals : Andre Massena
		After that, Massena teamed up with a young General Napoleon Bonaparte and was a key soldier in the stunning 1796 Campaign and the battles of Montenotte, Lodi, Castiglione, Bassano, Caldiero, Arcola, and Rivoli.
		In 1799, Massena took command of the army in Switzerland and ran into Russia's Field Marshal Suvarov at the second battle of Zurich.
		From Austria, Massena was moved to Spain, together with his mistress who dressed as a dragoon, and found himself sorely tested by British troops in the Peninsular War.
	www.napoleonguide.com /marshal_massena.htm (373 words)

	Peninsular War
		A French force was beaten at Barrosa[?] on March 5 to relieve Cadiz and Massena was forced to withdrew from Portugal after the stalemate at Fuentes de Oñoro[?] (May 3-5).
		Massena was replaced by Auguste Marmont[?] and the new commander directed Soult to the north to protect Badajoz.
		The force of Soult was intercepted by a mixed Allied force led by William Beresford[?] at Albuera[?] (May 16) and after a bloody battle the French were forced to retreat.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pe/Peninsula_War.html (974 words)

	Massena, André -- biography
		Deputy for the Seine in the Corps Legislatif on 28 July 1803 until 31 December 1807, Massena was appointed a peer of France on 2 June 1815.
		Duke of Rivoli in 1808, Prince of Essling in 1810, Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour, etc. Massena died in Paris at 94 rue du Bourbon (rue de Lille)...
		One of his grandsons, the Duke of Rivoli (Victor Massena) was deputy for the Alpes-Maritimes in the Corps Legislatif from 1863 to 1870.
	www.historydata.com /biographies/massena.html (401 words)

	ANDRé MASSéNA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		André Masséna (May 6, 1758 – April 4, 1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France.
		In 1799 Massena was granted an command in Switzerland and his victory over the Russians under Alexander Korsakov at the Second Battle of Zurich in September, forcing Russia from the Second Coalition.
		It was not until 1804 that he regained trust, being promoted to the rank of marshal in May and leading forces to capture Verona and later losing to the Austrians at Caldiero (October 30, 1805).
	www.loadboston.com /Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na (573 words)

	Andre Massena: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Andre Massena Andre Massena Andre Massena (May 6, 1758 - April 4, 1817) was...in the armies of Napoleon.
		Massena then returned to Italy and led his forces into the unfortunate debacle...
		...(1976) Le nombril (1981) intable title=Andre Massena Andre Massena and was badly wounded.
	www.encyclopedian.com /an/Andre-Massena.html (646 words)

	Letter Signed ("Massena") to Commissioner General Villemaury, asking his help in clearing encumbrances to a ditch which ...
		Letter Signed ("Massena") to Commissioner General Villemaury, asking his help in clearing encumbrances to a ditch which are causing great problems to his property in Hanover, entailing loss of...
		Letter Signed ("Massena") to Commissioner General Villemaury, asking his help in clearing encumbrances to a ditch which are causing great problems to his property in Hanover, entailing loss of revenue.
		André Massena was known as a brave and tenacious soldier.
	www.maggs.com /title/AU4719.asp (393 words)

	Massena WORKS! for business. for family. for you
		Archeological studies of the waterway around what is now known as Massena and Akwesasne (which means "place of partridges") show evidence of extensive aboriginal use for hunting, fishing, gathering berries and plants, as well as sophisticated trading networks that likely included jasper, flint, quartzite, furs and copper.
		During the 1800’s, Massena grew in prominence as a health retreat as people flocked to the area to enjoy the medicinal benefits of bathing in the sulphur mineral springs found along the Racquette River.
		Massena is the very heart of industry and commerce in New York State’s North Country region… a region that covers the six northernmost counties of the Empire State.
	www.massenaworks.com /community (2630 words)

	Napoleonic Society of Georgia
		André Masséna, Prince D'Essling, in the Age of Revolution
		Among the latter was André Masséna, who proved to be one of Napoleon's most talented and reliable army commanders.
		Following two years service, André was promoted to corporal; his uncle, meanwhile, was promoted to sub-lieutenant and transferred to another post.
	members.tripod.com /amik78/Massena.html (10961 words)

	Massena Bicentennial
		Massena is also home to major manufacturing plants at Alcoa, Reynolds Metals and General Motors Power Train.
		The town was named for Marshal André Massena, a French military figure who was considered to be one of the greatest of all marshals under Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Massena was a lightly-populated "Settlement in the Tall Pines" in the 1800's, but then became St. Lawrence Co.’s industrial center in the 20th century.
	www.massena.ny.us /bicentennial/history.htm (551 words)

	AllRefer.com - AndrE MassEna (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AndrE MassEna[ANdrA´ mAsAnA´] Pronunciation Key, 1758–1817, marshal of France, b.
		MassEna's subsequent failure in the Peninsular War is often attributed to the lack of cooperation of the other French commanders.
		MassEna's relations with Napoleon were somewhat strained because of MassEna's republican convictions, but he lacked political ambition, and Napoleon honored his military achievements by making him duke of Rivoli (1808) and prince of Essling (1810).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MassenaA.html (281 words)

	MASSENA, ANDRE, or ANDREA - Online Information article about MASSENA, ANDRE, or ANDREA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		campaign of 1796–97 Massena was his most trusted general of division; in each battle he won fresh laurels, up to the crowning victory of Rivoli, from which he afterwards took his See also:
		Massena was chosen; he kept the archduke occupied till he received See also:
		In private life indolent, greedy, rapacious, ill-educated and morose, in war Massena was, like Napoleon, the incarnation of battle.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MASSENA_ANDRE_or_ANDREA.html (1852 words)

	Amazon.ca: Bussaco 1810: Wellington Defeats Napoleon's Marshals: Books: Rene Chartrand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One concern in these sections is the relative pro forma treatment of Marshall André Massena, which is inadequate given the crucial role that his leadership played in the campaign.
		Massena's brilliant battlefield performance at Aspern and Wagram the year before Bussaco are not even mentioned by Chartrand, but they are certainly relevant.
		First, Massena's peculiar behavior in the days leading up to Bussaco is not well-addressed; the comments that he was pre-occupied with a mistress might explain a brief lapse, but not a string of bad decisions that were atypical of this otherwise excellent commander.
	www.amazon.ca /Bussaco-1810-Wellington-Napoleons-Marshals/dp/0275986187 (980 words)

	Book 3, Chapter 19
		André Masséna was born May 6, 1758, at Turbia, near Monaco.
		André, however, was of too adventurous a disposition to settle to business, and at the age of thirteen ran away from his uncle's house, and went to sea as a cabin-boy in a merchantman accompanied by a cousin named Bavastro, who became in the wars of the Empire the most famous privateer in the Mediterranean.
		As for André, two years of hardship disgusted him with a sailor's life, and in 1775 he enlisted as a private in the Royal Italian regiment, where his uncle Marcel was sergeant-major.
	www.napoleonic-literature.com /Book_3/V2C19.html (4795 words)

	Massena, Iowa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city of Massena was platted by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad on land purchased from A. Vredenburgh in 1883 and 1884 that included most of Section 33 of Cass County.
		Massena was the name of a French Marshal under Napolean, Andre Massena.
		Massena was home of the Massena School District until 1959 when it reorganized with the city of Cumberland, Iowa to create the C and M Community School District.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massena,_Iowa (911 words)

	Ebelsberg : Battle of Ebelsberg : Ebersberg : Napoleonic Wars : Bonaparte
		Hiller prepared his men behind the river Traun and watched as Marshal Andre Massena and 22,000 men approached.
		His advance division managed the first two objectives, albeit at heavy cost, and then had to fend off local counterattacks and at one stage looked as it may not be able to hold.
		Massena rushed reinforcements in and the French then threw back the defenders and took the castle.
	www.napoleonguide.com /battle_ebelsberg.htm (187 words)

	Andre Massena, Duc de Rivoli, Prince d'Essling (1758-1817) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Massena, Andre, Duc de Rivoli, Prince d'Essling (1758-1817)
		Andre Massena was a rare commander that despite his great passion for lechery and greed still commands respect for his ability.
		When Napoleon returned from exile during the Hundred Days campaign Massena refused to commit to either side devoting his remaining time to his main hobbies of making money and women he died on 4th April 1817 at the age of 59.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/people_massena.html (257 words)

	Ier Empire - Les personnages - André Masséna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		André retrouve son ancien compagnon de jeunesse et cousin germain François.
		André retrouve, une nouvelle fois, le cousin François, qu'il a fait nommer commissaire des guerres.
		André Masséna ne fera pas la campagne de 1812, ni celle de 1813, ni la campagne de France, alors que la France se bar sur son propre sol.
	www.histoire-empire.org /persos/massena.htm (7086 words)

	Letter Signed ("Massena") to the Minister of War, complaining of a lapse in communication. 1 page folio in French on ...
		MASSENA, André, later Duc de Rivoli and Prince d'Essling (1758-1817).
		Massena had been recalled from Italy a year earlier but was brought back into active service and in March 1799 was given the command of the French troops in Switzerland.
		Berthier was to be his new Minister of War and Massena himself was to be recalled from the now pacified Switzerland to deal with even more urgent matters in Italy.
	www.maggs.com /title/AU4056.asp (362 words)

	Memoirs of General Baron de Marbot - Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		André Masséna was born on the 6th of May 1758 at La Turbie, a village in the little state of Monaco.
		When Jules died, leaving very little money and five children, three of them, amongst whom was the young André, were taken in charge by their uncle Augustin, who having taught them no more than to read and write, employed them in soap-making.
		Hardened by the rough trade of smuggling, and compelled always to keep one jump ahead of the customs officers, Masséna acquired, without being aware of it, an understanding of the principles of warfare, as well as the vigilance and activity without which one cannot become a good officer.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/biography/MemoirsofGeneralBarondeMarbot/chap39.html (3458 words)

	Massena Hotel
		The MGM Grand was repaired and then sold to Bally's Entertainment (now Caesars Entertainment) which changed the facility's name to "Bally's Las Vegas." Subsequently, the present MGM Grand hotel-casino was built about a mile south at the northeast corner of the Las Vegas Strip and Tropicana Avenue, the former site of the Marina
		Massena is a city located in Cass County, Iowa.
		André MasséNa André Masséna (May 6, 1758 - April 4, 1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/134/massena-hotel.html (1025 words)

	Massena, New York
		Massena is a town named after Andre Massena, the general of Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Massena was known for its mineral springs in the early 1800's, during which time there were several large hotels built to house the travelers who came for the springs benefits.
		Then, during the 1950's, the Saint Lawrence Seaway and Power Project were responsible for the next three industries; the ALCOA expansion, construction of a Reynolds Metals facility, and an aluminum castings plant of the General Motors Powertrain Division.
	www.nuwebny.com /massena.htm (236 words)

	Massena Wiess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For many years afterward, he was engaged in sawmill operations at Sour Lake, Texas, and, in his later years, maintained a real estate office in the Kyle building in Beaumont (his daughter married Wesley Kyle, heir to Obadiah Kyle's interest in the Beaumont Land and Cattle Company and its share of the Spindletop oil fortune).
		Andre Massena, French Marshal, Prince de Essling, Duc de Raguse (1758-1817) was a Marshal serving under Napoleon.
		Marshal Massena was to regain his stature and he participated in further triumphs, but he died dishonored and broken.
	mykindred.com /cloud/TX/getperson.php?personID=I1452&tree=mykindred01 (705 words)

	Lasik Eye Surgery Ogdensburg Massena NY - Ogdensburg Massena NY, LASIK Eye Surgery, LASIK, eye surgery, 20/20 vision, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lasik Eye Surgery Ogdensburg Massena NY This website provides 9 valuable research points regarding Lasik Eye Surgery.
		Massena is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York.
		It was named after Andre Massena, a general who commanded one of Napoleon's armies.
	www.thelasikeyesurgeryguide.com /Lasik_Eye_Surgery_Ogdensburg_Massena_NY.html (1119 words)

	ou ANDREA ANDRE MASSENA - Article en ligne de l'information environ ou ANDREA ANDRE MASSENA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Massena a été choisi; il a maintenu l'archduke occupé jusqu'à ce qu'il ait reçu des See also:
		Toujours, tout non réussi qu'il était, Massena a montré la détermination de la défense de Gênes et de la fertilité dans les expédients de la campagne de Zurich, et a gardé son armée pendant cinq See also:
		Son génie a eu besoin de la présence de l'ennemi pour la stimuler, mais une fois qu'il jaillissait à la vie Massena est allé bien à un chef idéal, absolument courageux, inventif, persistant et indefatigable.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /fr/MAR_MEC/MASSENA_ANDRE_ou_ANDREA.html (2511 words)

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