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	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		ANDREAS SIGISMUND MARGGRAF (1709-1782), German chemist, was born at Berlin on the 3rd of March 1709.
		After studying chemistry at Berlin and Strassburg, medicine at Halle, and mineralogy and metallurgy at Freiberg, he returned to his native city in 1735 as assistant to his father, Henning Christian Marggraf, chief apothecary at the court.
		Three years later he was elected to the Berlin Academy of Sciences, which in 1754 put him in charge of its chemical laboratory and in 1760 appointed him director of its physics class.
	75.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARGGRAF_ANDREAS_SIGISMUND.htm (295 words)

	BookRags: Andreas Marggraf Biography
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf(1709-1782) was an important figure in chemistry as it evolved from alchemy in the eighteenth century.
		Marggraf was a precise and careful chemist, painstaking in his work and in his recording of that work.
		However, Marggraf's discovery and influence made its mark because his student, Achard, tried his experiment on a large-scale, produced a significant amount of sugar, estimated the cost to be six cents per pound, and interested the French Institute in investigating his claims.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/andreas-marggraf (1567 words)

	Hintergrund: Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf
		Neumann, ein Schüler Georg Ernst StahlStahl's, führte Marggraf in die Phlogistontheorie ein, die sein chemisches Denken sein Leben lang bestimmen sollte.
		Zur Vertiefung seiner Kenntnisse studierte Marggraf in Straßburg Chemie und Physik, in
		Die meisten Abhandlungen Marggrafs befinden sich in den ''Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences de Berlin'' von 1747-1779 und in den Miscellanea Berolinensia.
	www.hirnforschung.de /index.php4?lexithema=Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (433 words)

	info: Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zinc (Zn)The ores of zinc have been known for a long time; however, zinc was not recognized as a separate element until 1746 when Andreas Sigismund Marggraf isolated the pure metal by heating calamine and...
		Zinc :: Zinc was discovered in the in the 1400's by heating wool and calamine, but it was rediscovered by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746 when he heated charcoal with calamin.
		It's Elemental - The Element ZincZinc was rediscovered by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746 by heating calamine with charcoal.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf.html (404 words)

	✓ Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf - Gicht-Ambulanz.de - GichtAmbulanz
		Neuman, ein SchÃ¼ler Stahl's, fÃ¼hrte Marggraf in die Phlogistontheorie ein, die sein chemisches Denken sein Leben lang bestimmen sollte.
		Zur Vertiefung seiner Kenntnisse studierte Marggraf in StraÃburg Chemie und Physik, in Halle Medizin und in Freiberg (Sachsen) Metallurgie.
		Ab 1754 konnte er sich ganz auf seine chemische Forschungen konzentrieren, da ihm von der Akademie ein Laboratorium und eine Dienstwohnung zur VerfÃ¼gung gestellt wurde.
	www.gicht-ambulanz.de /index.php/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (885 words)

	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Oberbürgermeisterwahl 2005 in Rüsselsheim: Der Herausforderer, Andreas Rust, CDU
		Andreas Schlappig ist nebenberuflich selbständig taetig, in den Bereichen Erstellung und Pflege von Internetseiten und Internetanwendungen, Online-Redaktion, Dokumentation und Grafikbearbeitung.
		Montagebau Andreas Greif in Ayl bei Saarburg und zeigt Referenzen.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (1107 words)

	BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER: ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Not a Pure Science: Chemistry in the 18th and 19th Centuries -- ...
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709-1782), for example, had completed an apothecary apprenticeship and, between 1735 and 1753, administered his father's apothecary shop in Berlin.
		Marggraf had also learned assaying with Johann Friedrich Henckel (1678-1744) in Freiberg, done the first experiments for the extraction of sugar from beets, and was an ambitious naturalist who owned a large mineral collection.
		The extraction of sugar from beets, for example, which had been initiated by Marggraf in the 1840s, was pursued by German chemists.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/306/5698/981 (1792 words)

	Sigismund
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf - Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund, 1709–82, German chemist, a pioneer in analytical chemistry.
		Sigismund: Accession to the Hungarian Throne - Accession to the Hungarian Throne Through his marriage to Mary, who became queen of Hungary in...
		Sigismund: German King and Holy Roman Emperor - German King and Holy Roman Emperor After the death of the German king and uncrowned Holy Roman...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0845184.html (134 words)

	Chemical Element: zinc (Modern Latin: from German, zink; metal).
		Discovered by: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709-1782), German chemist in 1746.
		The metal was re-discovered in Europe by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, in 1746, when he showed that it could be obtained by reducing calamine with charcoal.
		Marggraf introduced the microscope as an aid in chemical work and distinguished between oxides of aluminum and calcium.
	www.wordinfo.info /words/index/info/view_unit/3182/?letter=C&spage=14 (345 words)

	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf - definition erklärung bedeutung glossar zu Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf - definition erklärung bedeutung glossar zu Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
		Sein Vater, der königliche Hofapotheker Henning Christian Marggraf, unterichtete den Jugendlichen ihn Pharmazie und Chemie.
		Seite verfügbar, der Andreas Sigismund Marggraf Artikel kann
	www.adlexikon.de /Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf.shtml (692 words)

	Publications - Franz Karl Achard
		At the age of 20, Achard entered the Circle of Friends of Natural Sciences and met Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, then director of the physical classes at the Royal Academy of Sciences.
		Following the death of Marggraf in 1782 went on to become the director of the physical classes of the academy.
		Achard revived the discovery by Marggraf in 1747 that sugar beets contained sugar, and devised a process to produce sugar from sugar beets.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS8144/franz-karl-achard-publications.html (556 words)

	Enciklopedio :: encyclopedia : Andreas Sigismund MARGGRAF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Andreas Sigismund MARGGRAF (naskiĝis la 3-an de marto, 1709 en Berlino, mortis la 7-an de aŭgusto, 1782 en Berlino) estis germana kemiisto.
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf estis asistanto (1735-1738) en la kortega apoteko de sia patro, en Berlin.
		La sukerindustrio formiĝis nur post tio, ke Franz Karl ACHARD scienca posteulo de Marggraf selektis sukerbeton pli riĉan je sukero ol la normala beto, kaj kiam la politiko de Napoleono la 1-a kontraŭ Britio, t.
	www.enciklopedio.com /topic/Andreas_Sigismund_MARGGRAF.html (243 words)

	Sugar beet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As early as 1590, the French botanist Olivier de Serres extracted a sweet syrup from beetroot, but the practice did not become common.
		The Prussian chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf used alcohol to extract sugar from beets (and carrots) in 1747, but his methods did not lend themselves to economical industrial-scale production.
		His former pupil and successor Franz Carl Achard began selectively breeding sugar beet from the White Silesian fodder beet in 1784.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sugar_Beet (2348 words)

	Zinc
		German chemist and scientific pioneer of analytical chemistry, Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, is generally credited with having been the person to make the discovery of pure metallic zinc in the year 1746.
		In spite of the indisputable evidence of this fact, due to the methodical and exhaustive reports made by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf and the quality of his research, he is generally credited with being the discoverer of zinc.
		Zinc has been determined to be an essential element which is necessary for the sustaining of all life.
	www.vitaminpros.com /library/zinc.htm (450 words)

	March 3
		Birth of the chemist, Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in Berlin, Germany.
		Marggraf was the director of the chemical laboratory of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin from 1704-1760.
		He was able to simplify the method of extracting phosphorus from urine.
	courseweb.stthomas.edu /paschons/language_http/calendar/march3.html (517 words)

	[No title]
		Calahorra was appointed court physician to King Sigismund Augustus in 1570, and also served as court physician to Stefan Botory who became king in 1578.
		Helmholtz\rquote s early research was on the gener ation of heat in animal muscles, and this led to his interest in thermodynamics.
		From 1725 to 1730 he was a pupil of Caspar Neumann, who was a colleague of Marggraf\rquote s father at the court pharmacy in Berlin, and taught at the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~david/Geneaology/Biographies.rtf (12018 words)

	AllRefer.com - Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf[AndrA´As zE´gismoont mArk´grAf´´] Pronunciation Key, 1709–82, German chemist, a pioneer in analytical chemistry.
		He proved that alumina, magnesia, and lime are distinct earths, found (1743) an improved method for the commercial preparation of phosphorus, and isolated (1746) zinc.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Marggraf.html (169 words)

	index.php?title=Fr:Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
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	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf -- Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (* 3. März 1709 in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Andreas Sigismund Marggraf -- Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (* 3.
		August 1782 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Chemiker.
		Dort ist eine Übersicht der Autoren einsehbar, sowie die Möglichkeit den Original-Text zu editieren.
	andreas_sigismund_marggraf.exsudo.de (62 words)

	Invention Timeline - Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, German Chemist; Discovered Phosphoric Acid and in 1754, Aluminum -- ...
		Invention Timeline - Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, German Chemist; Discovered Phosphoric Acid and in 1754, Aluminum -- Inventions
		Invention Timeline - Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, German Chemist; Discovered Phosphoric Acid and in 1754, Aluminum
		He discovered that sugar could be procured from the beet.
	www.inventioninfo.info /logfiles/274/invention-timeline-andreas-sigismund-marggraf-german-chemist-discovered-phosphoric-acid-and-in-1754-aluminum (344 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Metallic zinc was first produced in India sometime in the 1400s by heating the mineral calamine with wool.
		Zinc (Zn) was rediscovered by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746 by heating calamine with charcoal and has a melting point of 787°F. Today, most zinc is produced through the electrolysis of aqueous zinc sulfate.
		Roughly one third of all metallic zinc produced today is used in a process known as galvanization.
	harvey.wisd.net /~efricks/METALS/ZINC.htm (411 words)

	April 28 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At first, though simple, the method was costly, He improved it using suggestions of the Institute in France, including that the beets be pressed without cooking them, which saved much expense for fuel.
		He had succeeded Andreas Sigismund Marggraf upon his death (1782) as director of the "Class of Physics" at the Berlin Academy.
		It was Marggraf that had first discovered the presence of sugar in beetroot, and isolated it on an experimental scale in 1747.
	www.todayinsci.com /4/4_28.htm (1778 words)

	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This biographical article about a chemist is a stub.
		eo:Andreas Sigismund Marggraf fr:Andreas Sigismund Marggraf hu:Andreas Marggraf
		This page was last modified 07:14, 11 May 2006.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf (110 words)

	Andreas Marggraf
		ANDREAS VOLLENWEIDER / COSMOPOLY / CD More Auctions» »
		Zinc was rediscovered by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746 by heating calamine with charcoal.
		The metal was discovered in 1500 by Andreas Marggraf.
	www.beethovenian.net /Andreas-Marggraf.html (65 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description
		China was mass producing zinc by the 16th century.
		In Europe, commercial production began after techniques for its isolation were discovered by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in Germany in 1746.
		The malleable metal is ductile at 150 C, but becomes so brittle at 180 C that it can be powdered.
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_description.asp?name=zinc&language=1 (224 words)

	ZINC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century in India by reducing calamine with organic substances such as wool.
		The metal was rediscovered in Europe by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1796, who showed that it could be obtained by reducing calamine with charcoal.
		Zinc and other metallic deposits are mined or extracted in the Appalachian mountains.
	lakeview.esu7.org /science/zn.htm (345 words)

	Brass - Background, History, Raw Materials, Design, The Manufacturing Process, Quality Control
		Although these early metalworkers could recognize the difference between zinc ore and tin ore, they still didn't understand that zinc was a metal.
		It wasn't until 1746 that a German scientist named Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709-1782) identified zinc and determined its properties.
		The process for combining metallic copper and zinc to make brass was patented in England in 1781.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-6/Brass.html (2004 words)

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