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Topic: Andrei Zhdanov

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	Andrei Zhdanov
		Andrei Zhdanov was born in Mariupol, Ukraine, on 14th February, 1896.
		Stalin appointed Andrei Zhdanov to succeed Kirov as the governor of Leningrad.
		Zhdanov was a young, capable, and ruthless man, who had purged the Komsomol of deviationists and distinguished himself in arrogant attacks on Tomsky during the fight in the trade unions.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSzhdanov.htm (728 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Andrei Zhdanov
		Zhdanov joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and rose through the party ranks, becoming the party leader in Leningrad after the assassination of Sergei Kirov in 1934.
		Roland Barthes summed up the core doctrine of Zhdanovism this way: "Wine is objectively good…[the artist] deals with the goodness of wine, not with the wine itself." Zhdanov and his associates further sought to eliminate foreign influence from Soviet art, proclaiming that "incorrect art" was an ideological diversion.
		His birth-place Mariupol' was re-named Zhdanov at Stalin's instigation in 1948, and a monument of Zhdanov was erected in the central square of the city in his honor.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Andrei_Zhdanov (522 words)

	Andrei Zhdanov (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zhdanov joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and rose through the party ranks, becoming the party leader in Leningrad after the assassination of Sergei Kirov in 1934.
		He was a strong supporter of socialist realism in art and has been blamed for stifling the art of the period with the rigid political requirements he imposed, particularly during the late 1940s.
		Remarkably, Zhdanov transcended the self-serving aims of ordinary totalitarian censorship-he apparently intended to forge a new philosophy of art-making for the entire world.
	www.wapipedia.com /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Andrei_Zhdanov (346 words)

	Zhdanov Doctrine Information
		Zhdanov Doctrine (also called zhdanovism or zhdanovschina, Russian: доктрина Жданова, ждановизм, ждановщина) was a Soviet cultural doctrine developed by the Central Committee secretary Andrei Zhdanov in 1946.
		Zhdanovism soon became a Soviet cultural policy, meaning the injunction on all Soviet artists, writers and intelligentsia in general to conform to the party line and has been continued until the "thaw" under Khrushchev.
		Zhdanovism also penetrated and took thorough control of what was left of Albanian literature in the 1950's.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Zhdanov_Doctrine (341 words)

	Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov - Encyclopedia.com
		A loyal supporter of Stalin, he was made (1934) secretary of the Leningrad Communist party and in 1939 became a full member of the politburo, the ruling body of the Communist party of the Soviet Union.
		Zhdanov was largely responsible for the extreme nationalism and strict political control (known as Zhdanovism) of intellectuals and the arts in the postwar period.
		After his death in 1948, his Leningrad party organization was purged, ostensibly for its connections with Tito of Yugoslavia, but in fact to diminish the political influence of Leningrad relative to Moscow.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ZhdanovAA.html (229 words)

	Zhdanov
		In 1947 Andrei Zhdanov (1896-1948) was at the height of his power, issuing authoritative statements on matters of international relations and culture.
		Zhdanov had joined the Bolsheviks in 1915, but his mentality was much of the generation that had purged and supplanted the Old Bolsheviks.
		Zhdanov's sudden death left his faction in the ruling circle leaderless and exposed to the opposing block led by Georgii Malenkov and Lavrentii Beria.
	www.soviethistory.org /index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1947zhdanov&Year=1947 (328 words)

	Andrei Zhdanov
		In early 1953, however, it was alleged that Zhdanov had been a victim of the "doctors' plot", and a 2004 book by Simon Sebag Montefiore () alleges that Stalin himself was responsible for Zhdanov's death.
		Stalin disapproved of Yuri's criticisms of Trofim Lysenko's scientific theories, and his anger is believed by some to have led him to participate in causing Zhdanov's death through the direct actions of other persons.
		Remarkably, Zhdanov transcended the self-serving aims of ordinary totalitarian censorship—he apparently intended to forge a new philosophy of art-making for the entire world.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/an/andrei_zhdanov.html (429 words)

	Andrei Zhdanov
		In 1946, Zhdanov was put in charge of the Soviet Union cultural policy by Josef Stalin.
		Roland Barthes summed up the core doctrine of Zhdanovism this way: "Wine is objectively good…[the artist] deals with the goodness of wine, not with the wine itself." Zhdanov and his associates further sought to eliminate foreign influence from Soviet art, proclaiming that "incorrect art" was an ideological diversion.
		His birth-place Mariupol' was re-named Zhdanov at Stalin's instigation in 1948, and a monument of Zhdanov was erected in the central square of the city in his honor.
	www.1bx.com /en/A._A._Zhdanov.htm (468 words)

	Joe Bananas
		Zhdanov’s tirades had included his description (in a perverse way, immortal) of Anna Akhmatova as “a nun or a whore—or rather both a nun and a whore who combines harlotry with prayer.” Even Brent and Naumov, incidentally, cannot surpass Clive James’s analysis of Zhdanov’s diatribes:
		Reading his [Zhdanov’s] smug prose is like being vouchsafed a glimpse into the mind of an obscene phone-caller, except that the range of ambition not merely encompasses the disturbance of your domestic innocence but includes starvation, torture, bitter cold and a broken back.
		Zhdanov Senior proved less fortunate, though Stalin spared him such vulgarly humdrum garbage-disposal methods as a bullet in the neck.
	www.amconmag.com /07_14_03/review.html (1098 words)

	Leaders of the Russian Revolution
		A lapsed banker with bourgeois origins, Zhdanov joined the Bolsheviks during the First World War.
		After Kirov's assassination in 1934, Zhdanov became Leningrad party boss.
		However, he is best known for his role in the imposition of "socialist realism" on Soviet literature.
	www.library.yale.edu /slavic/leaders.html (1303 words)

	Attacks on Intelligentsia: Renewed Attacks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Andrei Zhdanov, who had been Stalin's spokesman on cultural affairs since 1934, led the attack.
		Zhdanov died in 1948, but the cultural purge known as the Zhdanovshchina continued for several more years.
		The noted filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein and great composers such as Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitrii Shostakovich were denounced for "neglect of ideology and subservience to Western influence." The attacks extended to scientists and philosophers and continued until after Stalin's death in 1953.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/archives/attr.html (341 words)

	Young Zhdanov (1896-1918) Canadian Slavonic Papers - Find Articles
		Apart from Zhdanov's involvement with agriculture and his leadership of the local Bolsheviks, he also joined the editorial board of the workers' and peasants' paper, Krest'ianin i rabochii.
		Zhdanov argued that, although previously those engaged in intellectual exploits and cultural matters had been slaves of the capitalist bourgeoisie and had strengthened its domination and exploitation over the toilers, in the new circumstances the intelligent was faced with a clear choice: to take a position for or against the workers and peasants.
		Zhdanov's sojourn in Shadrinsk was nearing its end when, on 25 March 1918, the uezd soviet abolished private landownership, a highly popular measure.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200106/ai_n8979364/pg_12 (670 words)

	Prokofiev Biography: Twilight (1945-1953)
		Chief architect of the return to Soviet orthodoxy in the arts was Andrei Zhdanov, then a member of the newly reformed elite Politburo.
		Zhdanov systematically went through works of literature, film, and art, publically denouncing works with any reputed tie to the West.
		To appease Zhdanov and the cultural apartchiks, Prokofiev churned out a series of unspectacular and bland patriotic works, including the Festive Poem "Thirty Years" for Orchestra (1947), the opera Story of a Real Man (1947-48), Winter Bonfire (1949-50), and the oratorio On Guard for Peace (1950).
	www.prokofiev.org /biography/twilight.html (853 words)

	Young Zhdanov (1896-1918) Canadian Slavonic Papers - Find Articles
		Andrei Zhdanov's only son Iurii stated that one Pavel and one Aleksandr Gorskii had been rectors of the Theological Academy (Iu.A. Zhdanov, personal interview, 4 July 2000).
		8 RGASPI, 77/2/85 1.4; Iurii A. Zhdanov, "Vo mgle" 67; RGASPI, 77/2/75 11.8-12.
		Iurii Zhdanov called his grandfather a typical raznochinets-intelligent ("non-noble opposition intellectual" is a translation which somewhat approximates the complex meaning of this term) and a democrat (lu.A. Zhdanov, personal interview; see also lu.A. Zhdanov "Vo mgle" 67).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200106/ai_n8979364/pg_17 (581 words)

	Glossary of People: Zh
		Andrei Zhdanov was born in Mariupol, Ukraine in 1896 and joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and as a close associate of Joseph Stalin made steady progress in the Communist Party hierarchy.
		Zhdanov also banned progressive journals such as Zvezda and Leningrad and expelled people such as Mikhail Zoshchenko from the Union of Soviet Writers and persecuted as a result of Zhdanov's criticism.
		In 1953, it was alleged that he had been a victim of the ‘doctors' plot’ but a recent book alleges that Stalin was responsible, possibly because of the criticism by Zhdanov's son, Yuri, of Trofim Lysenko, who was Stalin's supporter in pushing the party line in the natural sciences.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/z/h.htm (602 words)

	Spring 2004 - Page 13
		In 1934 Andrei Zhdanov was promoted to the post of secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee in Moscow and entered the inner circle of Stalin's partners.
		Notable for his involvement in implementing the artificial crisis of the Great Terror in Moscow and Leningrad, Zhdanov was later involved in the preparation and signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and acted as Stalin's Party emissary in the Winter War and the sovietization of Estonia.
		Stalin kept Zhdanov at the Leningrad front for much of the Second World War because of his alleged failure to halt the initial German advance, where he presided over the terrible suffering of the besieged city's population.
	mqup.mcgill.ca /browse_archives.php?catalogue=11&page=13 (394 words)

	Our Homeland [The Voice of Russia]
		Andrei Zhdanov’s principal adversary inside the party was the all-powerful Lavrenty Beria.
		In 1948 Andrei Zhdanov died, and Beria made use of the confusion within the opposition ranks to set into motion in Leningrad — the mainstay of inner party nationalism — a grand-scale court process along the likes of the pre-war mock trials.
		They were accused of killing Andrei Zhdanov and a number of other party and state leaders at the orders of the ‘International Jewish bourgeois-nationalist organization “Joint”, set up by the American intelligence.
	www.vor.ru /English/homeland/home_046.html (4306 words)

	[No title]
		The main case in point is IURII Zhdanov--the head of the science department of the Party Central Committee, the SON of Andrei Zhdanov, Stalin's "culture tsar", and ALSO the husband of Svetlana Alliliueva and therefore Stalin's son-in-law.
		Andrei Zhdanov's chief rival in the Politburo was Malenkov; Malenkov's ally was Beria, head of the secret police.
		As it happened, Andrei Zhdanov died under mysterious circumstances within a month after the 1948 Lysenko session (he was only fifty-two years old at the time).
	cyber.eserver.org /stalin.txt (5405 words)

	CNN Cold War - Historical Document: Report on the International Situation
		The cardinal purpose of the imperialist camp is to strengthen imperialism, to hatch a new imperialist war, to combat socialism and democracy...
		Two months after George Kennan's "X" article was published, Politburo member and Leningrad party boss Andrei Zhdanov issued a report to the first conference of Cominform, the international communist information bureau.
		In the report, Zhdanov stresses -- much like Kennan did in his article -- the ideological differences between the Soviet Union and the United States.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/04/documents/cominform.html (1010 words)

	AllRefer.com - Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov[undrA´ ulyiksAn´druvich zhdA´nOf] Pronunciation Key, 1896–1948, Soviet Communist leader.
		A loyal supporter of Stalin, he was made (1934) secretary of the Leningrad Communist party and in 1939 became a full member of the politburo, the ruling body of the Communist party of the Soviet Union.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Z/ZhdanovAA.html (296 words)

	DiscoveringRussia - History: The Communists
		Leningrad party leader Andrei Zhdanov, in his campaign of Zhdanovshchina, persecuted Leningrad's writers and artists in what is known as the Leningrad Affair.
		Zhdanov permitted only the art of Socialist Realism, which he said "aided the process of ideological transformation in the spirit of socialism." No one escaped the purges; even Zhdanov fell from Stalin's grace and was executed in 1948.
		Andrei Sakharov and other political prisoners were released from internal exile.
	www.discoveringrussia.com /histcomm.htm (2027 words)

	A Son of the Bourgeoisie -- Monday, Sep. 13, 1948 -- Page 1 -- TIME (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zhdanov's mustached, lifeless face was green in the glittering sunlight.
		Zhdanov's death raised Malenkov and Rumania's matriarchal but equally tough Ana Pauker to the top of the Cominform heap.
		When the eulogies were finished, Andrei Zhdanov was lowered into a grave beside the Kremlin's wall and behind Lenin's mausoleum.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,888466,00.html (555 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russian literature : World War II to the Present (Russian And Eastern European Literature) - Encyclopedia
		The spirit of friendliness toward the West ended abruptly in 1946 with a campaign initiated by Andrei Zhdanov, a Communist party secretary.
		Andrei Voznesensky and Yevgeny Yevtushenko were widely acclaimed for their nonconformist poetry.
		Others, including Andrey Sinyavsky and Yuly Daniel, were imprisoned for permitting pseudonymous foreign publication of works critical of the Soviet regime.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Russlit-world-war-ii-to-the-present.html (522 words)

	Postwar Politics - Lavrenty Beria
		At the end of the war the most likely successor seemed to be Andrei Zhdanov, party leader in Leningrad during the war and placed in charge of all cultural matters in 1946.
		Zhdanov died suddenly in August 1948, and Beria and Malenkov then moved to consolidate their power with a purge of Zhdanovs associates known as the Leningrad Affair.
		It was only after Zhdanovs death that Nikita Khrushchev began to be considered as a possible alternative to the Beria-Malenkov axis.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Acacia1327/lavrenty-beria-postwar-politics.html (334 words)

	The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. For Teachers and Students. Seminars
		As a young man, Zhdanov had participated in the Russian Civil War with the Bolsheviks.
		He was a loyal follower of Stalin, and took part in the purges, particularly of intellectuals and artists.
		Using at least two pieces of 20th century historical evidence, defend or reject the following statement from the speech- "The cardinal purpose of the imperialist camp is to strengthen imperialism, to combat socialism and democracy, and to support reactionary and anti-democratic pro-fascist regimes and movements everywhere."
	www.gilderlehrman.org /teachers/seminar_docs/coldwar_doc2.html (2429 words)

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