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	Andrew Jackson Downing Summary
		Downing's interest in the art of landscaping led him to inquire into the relationship of the countryside to the country house and vice versa, so that several of his later books are important for their theories on architectural style.
		Andrew Jackson Downing (born October 30, 1815 - died July 28, 1852) was an American landscape designer and writer, a prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States, and editor and publisher of The Horticulturist magazine (1846-52).
		Downing was born in Newburgh, New York, United States, to Samuel Downing (a nurseryman) and Becky Crandall.
	www.bookrags.com /Andrew_Jackson_Downing (1272 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Andrew Jackson Downing (born October 31, 1815 - died July 28, 1852) was an American landscape designer and writer from Newburgh, New York and the editor and publisher of The Horticulturist magazine.
		Downing believed that architecture should be visually integrated into the surrounding landscape, and he wanted to work with someone who had as deep an appreciation of art as he did.
		Downing was a friend and mentor to fellow landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted whom he introduced to the English-born Vaux.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing (349 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing: The Architecture of Country Houses
		Andrew Jackson Downing: The Architecture of Country Houses
		Throughout the early Victorian period American domestic architecture was dominated by the ideas and designs of Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-1852).
		Downing, who was America's first important landscape architect, was instrumental in establishing a well-styled, efficient, yet low-priced house that offered many features which previously only mansions could provide.
	www.mitchellspublications.com /rep/arch/downingaj/ach.htm (340 words)

	Andrew Jackson
		Jackson's suggestions with reference to the bank in his first message met with little favor, especially as he coupled them with suggestions for the distribution of the surplus revenue among the states.
		Jackson's death, in the year in which Texas was annexed to tile United States, marks in a certain sense the close of the political era in which he had played so great a part.
		Jackson went to New Orleans after the battle, and was presented by the ladies of that city with a set of topaz jewelry.
	www.andrewjackson.org /andrewjackson2 (2585 words)

	AllRefer.com - Andrew Jackson Downing (Architecture, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Andrew Jackson Downing 1815–52, American horticulturist, rural architect, and landscape gardener, b.
		Newburgh, N.Y. With his brother Charles Downing he took over the operation of the nursery that his father had established at Newburgh, and c.1838, Andrew became sole owner.
		With Charles, Downing published, both in England and the United States, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1845), a valuable work that passed through 13 editions in the author's lifetime.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/DowningAJ.html (304 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Downing developed his view that country residences should fit into the surrounding landscape and blend with its natural habitat.
		Downing believed interacting with nature had a healing effect on mankind and wanted all people to be able to experience nature.
		Together Downing, Vaux and Olmstead developed proposals and plans for a large park which would allow the upper class a rural place to go and be comfortable as well as provide a rural experience for the poor.
	pss.uvm.edu /ppp/ajd.htm (782 words)

	George Downing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At the Restoration therefore Downing was knighted (May 1660) continued in his embassy in Holland was in his tellership of the exchequer and further rewarded with a valuable piece of adjoining St James's Park for building purposes now known as Downing Street.
		Downing had from the first been hostile the Dutch as the commercial rivals of He had strongly supported the Navigation Act of 1660 and he now deliberately on the fatal and disastrous war.
		Downing was undoubtedly a man of great and diplomatic ability but his talents were employed for the advantage of his country his character was marked by all the vices treachery avarice servility and ingratitude.
	www.freeglossary.com /George_Downing (790 words)

	Downing etched indelible mark on nation's landscape
		Downing, a nurseryman, landscape gardener and prolific writer, is generally considered the first influential figure in the history of landscape architecture in the United States and the father of the American park movement.
		Downing was the author of four influential books, ‘‘A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America’’ (1841), ‘‘Cottage Residences’’ (1842), ‘‘The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America’’ (1845), and ‘‘The Architecture of Country Houses’’ (1850).
		Downing chose this vignette for the Picturesque: The dwelling is a rural Gothic cottage, the trees spire-topped (conforming to the mountains in the distance), the lawn irregular in surface, and the rocky foreground overgrown with plants.
	www.enjoyhv.com /fe/Heritage/stories/he_downing.asp (1012 words)

	National Park Service: Presenting Nature (Chapter 2)
		Downing, who had visited many English landscapes and was familiar with Repton's treatises, adapted the ideas and practices of the English designers to the American landscape and fostered a strong awareness and appreciation of a native landscape that was inherently sublime and picturesque.
		Downing was intensely aware of the tremendous power that primeval nature, with its dramatically changing landform, variations of light and shadow, sounds of moving water, and enveloping vegetation, could exert on the human senses.
		Downing's romantic vision of the sylvan retreat—with its broad vistas, rustic seats, rock steps, thatch-roofed shelters, dense thickets of native wood, and expansive terraces and porches from which distant views across open lawns could be enjoyed—captured the imagination of the designers of parks and suburban homes alike in the nineteenth century.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/mcclelland/mcclelland2a.htm (5211 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing
		Downing developed his view that country residences should fit into the surrounding landscape and blend with its natural habitat.
		Downing believed interacting with nature had a healing effect on mankind and wanted all people to be able to experience nature.
		Together Downing, Vaux and Olmstead developed proposals and plans for a large park which would allow the upper class a rural place to go and be comfortable as well as provide a rural experience for the poor.
	www.uvm.edu /pss/ppp/ajd.htm (782 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing - Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Andrew Jackson Downing (born October 30, 1815 - died July 28, 1852) was an American landscape designer and writer, a prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States, and editor of The Horticulturist magazine (1846-52).
		Downing was born in Newburgh, New York, United States, to Samuel Downing (a nurseryman and wheelwrighter) and Becky Crandall.
		Shortly afterwards in 1852, Downing died during the wreck of the infamous steamer--the Henry Clay--while traveling on the Hudson River with his wife, and her extended family.
	andrew-jackson-downing.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Andrew_Jackson_Downing (1193 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Through the magazine, Downing was able to promote scientific agriculture, a school of farming that Olmsted was also interested in.
		Most of Downing's theories about housing were derived from the writings of John Claudius Loudon, and Englishman who advocated the cleansing of the soul through living in a rural, uncomplicated way.
		Downing was also influenced by his democratic desire to create places that would be enjoyed by all classes of society.
	www.fredericklawolmsted.com /ajdowning.htm (241 words)

	DOWNING, Andrew Jackson [1815-1852] – American horticulturalist, nurseryman, and landscape architect
		Andrew Jackson Downing and his Urn The Downing Urn in the Enid A. Haupt Garden of the Smithsonian Institution is the only surviving memorial to Andrew Jackson Downing, a seminal figure in the history of horticulture and landscape architecture.
		Popularity of the front porch The landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing contributed the most to the growth in popularity of the American front porch.
		Downing, Andrew Jackson Top Links A piece of a much larger site devoted to the more general topic of Architecture.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~dav4is/people/DOWN478.htm (631 words)

	Andrew Jackson Downing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He traveled to (The capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center) London in search of an (Someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)) architect that would compliment his vision of what a landscape should be.
		Shortly after writing this in 1852, Downing died during a fire in a (A boat propelled by a steam engine) steamboat accident.
		Downing was a friend and mentor to fellow (Someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively) landscape architect (United States landscape architect primarily responsible for the design of Central Park in New York City (1822-1903)) Frederick Law Olmsted whom he introduced to the English-born Vaux.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/andrew_jackson_downing.htm (331 words)

	SI OAHP: SPQ: Winter 1995
		The "Downing Urn" was erected in 1856 to the memory of Andrew Jackson Downing, who had been commissioned to landscape the parks of Washington the year before his untimely death in 1852.
		Downing was the author of three seminal books on gardening and architecture, founder of a journal of "rural art and taste," entitled The Horticulturist, and the American editor of three English books on the same topics.
		Downing believed that the style of a building should complement its environment and that country architecture should reflect the picturesque qualities of its surroundings.
	www.si.edu /oahp/spq/spq95w5.htm (616 words)

	The Hudson River Valley Institute - Hudson River Valley Architecture
		Downing’s prescription for progressive living would be the beginning of a long history of American design and literature focused on domestic space.
		Downing counted on the literacy and upward mobility of his clientele to respond favorably to his sermons on improvement.
		Andrew Jackson Downing’s promotion of the detached single-family house and landscape as the ideal domestic environment was a harbinger of the suburban movement.
	www.hudsonrivervalley.net /themes/PreCivilWar.php (2847 words)

	Andrew Jackson -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Although Rachel Donelson Jackson did not live to see her husband, Andrew Jackson, sworn in as the seventh president of the United States, she was one of the earliest politician's wives to be made an issue in a presidential campaign.
		U.S. politician Maynard Jackson was elected in 1973 as the first African American mayor of Atlanta, Ga. At the age of 35, he was also the youngest person to become mayor of a major U.S. city.
		Jackson served two consecutive terms as mayor (1974–82) and was reelected to a third term in 1989.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043159 (840 words)

	Downing Street Declaration - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Downing Street Declaration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, after initial hesitation, republican and Loyalist cease-fires were declared in 1994 and an Ulster framework document, intended to guide the peace negotiations, was issued by the UK and Irish governments in February 1995.
		The Declaration, which took its name from the fact that it was formally announced by the two prime ministers in Downing Street, London, reportedly went through 20 drafting stages before the final form was agreed.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Downing+Street+Declaration (191 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Works of Art: Virtual Reality Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The architectural theorist Andrew Jackson Downing (1815–1852) was a prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States and a proponent of the formation of a clear aesthetic canon in American architecture and design.
		Downing died in a steamboat accident on the Hudson River in 1852, but his ideas continued to exert an influence through his books, the ongoing publication of his magazine The Horticulturalist, and Vaux's Villas and Cottages (1857).
		In 1859, under the influence of the treasurer of the park, Andrew Green, the park's regulations were modified to allow for the construction of "museums, collections of natural history, observatories or works of art," and by 1870 these plans were beginning to take shape at the hands of Vaux and Mould.
	metmuseum.org /works_of_art/vr/gothic/gothic_peopleplaces.asp?... (1994 words)

	Kevin Baker
		Andrew inherited the tree nursery and he was soon renowned in Newburgh for cultivating one-hundred-and-fifty varieties of apples and two hundred separate varieties of pear.
		Downing set out to study them, as he would the rocks and the plants, and the dead birds and the mummified bones of lizards he found in the fields and the woods.
		There one of Downing's friends noticed a young woman a handsome woman, with the traces of hard experience in her face lost in a reverie in the summer moonlight as a child snatching a brief dream of peace between spasms of mortal agony.
	www.kevinbaker.info /a_h_tim.html (2564 words)

	H-Net Review: Sarah Allaback on Apostle of Taste: Andrew Jackson Downing 1815-1852
		Downing would go on to write four books, several essays and scores of articles for horticultural journals, all intended to educate a popular audience in the art of architecture and landscape design.
		Downing was eulogized immediately upon his premature death in 1852, first in stories of his heroic behavior during the steam boat accident that killed him, and later in essays and reprinted editions of his books.
		Downing's extant Newburgh villas, the remodeled David Moore house and the brick shell that was once Dr. William Culbert's "Suburban House with a Curved Roof," were found not through Schuyler's book, but by consulting an article in a Newburgh newspaper.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=25645881951999 (1257 words)

	Greensward Foundation
		Downing's role was doubly formative: he not only stressed the need for an urban park but imported as his partner an English architect, Calvert Vaux, who would be the park's chief designer.
		Andrew Haswell Green, the tyrannical comptroller who exacted a dollar of value for every penny he grudgingly yielded to Central Park, demanded a report on plantings from Pilat and an explanation of "why certain portions of the planting were treated in a certain way," in Pilat's words.
		Downing in his well-known work on "Rural Architecture and Landscape-Gardening." Looking the other way, say from the "Centre Drive," the scenery although quite different will not be less pleasing to the observer, the evergreen planting not only concealing the boundary and all west of it, but by its distance giving a softening indistinct background.
	www.greenswardparks.org /books/menwhomade.html (7572 words)

	The house complete: Downing's domestic architecture (Andrew Jackson Downing)
		Downing combined his expertise in landscape design and his familiarity with influential English architectural treatises and pattern books, and adapted architectural principles with designs for Americans.
		Downing's architectural principles of fitness, expression and style were not new.
		The authority of Downing the architect, and his enduring relevance, resides in the floor plans he designed, and the way he integrated types that others had seen as distinct.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3043907 (304 words)

	Italianate in Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Downing's one-year partner (Downing died in a fire) was Calvert Vaux who himself published a fairly influential pattern book entitled Villas and Cottages.
		Downing's building designs were mostly for single family rural houses built in the Picturesque Gothic and Italianate styles.
		Downing believed that architecture and the fine arts could affect the morals of the owners, and that improvement of the external appearance of a home would help "better" all those who had contact with the home.
	ah.bfn.org /a/archsty/ital/index.html (1834 words)

	Downing, Andrew Jackson. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Newburgh, N.Y. With his brother Charles Downing he took over the operation of the nursery that his father had established at Newburgh, and c.1838, Andrew became sole owner.
		His Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America (1841) rapidly became a classic and passed through 10 editions (10th ed.
		With Charles, Downing published, both in England and the United States, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1845), a valuable work that passed through 13 editions in the author’s lifetime.
	www.bartleby.com /65/do/DowningAJ.html (233 words)

	Hudson Valley Voyager - Montgomery Place
		Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-1852), co-owner of a sophisticated nursery down river in Newburgh, advised informally on the gardens and grounds and on the layout of walks, statuary, rustic seats, and water features; sold the Bartons a variety of plants and trees; and, with Coralie Barton, designed the ornamental flower gardens surrounding the conservatory.
		Downing was the foremost American writer on landscape and garden subjects, editing the highly influential and nationally distributed monthly periodical The Horticulturist; he also wrote an important treatise on landscape design as well as architectural pattern books with architectural drawings and illustrations by Davis.
		Not surprisingly, Downing wrote extensively about Montgomery Place, asserting that the estate "is second as it is to no seat in America, for its combination of attractions.
	www.hudsonvalleyvoyager.com /regions/ge/sites/montgomeryplace.htm (1294 words)

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