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Topic: Androgen insensitivity syndrome AIS

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	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a genetic...
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a genetic...
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a genetic condition that affects the development of the external male genitals and reproductive organs.
		Individuals with AIS have a functioning Y sex chromosome and male internal sex organs (testes instead of womb, ovaries and fallopian tubes), but a fault on the X sex chromosome that leaves the body completely or partially unable to recognise the androgens produced so the external organs are female or indeterminate.
	www.cyl.org.uk /Androgen-insensitivity-syndrome (0 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - Health Encyclopedia News Story - WTVJ \| Miami
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is when a person who is genetically male (has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones called androgens.
		If the androgen insensitivity is complete, this prevents the development of the penis and other male body parts.
		Complete AIS is rarely discovered during childhood, unless a mass is felt in the abdomen or groin that turns out to be a testicle when it is explored surgically.
	www.nbc6.net /encyclopedia/6861644/detail.html (827 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or "Androgen resistance syndrome") is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor.
		AIS carriers often have reduced axillary and pubic hair and a reduction in normal adolescent acne.
		The mother of the person with AIS is likely to be an unaffected carrier of the gene on one of her X chromosomes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome (4704 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome : AIS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a sex-linked mutation which causes a lack of sensitivity to androgens, the male sex hormones.
		People born with AIS thus are almost always genetically male, even though their appearance and personality tends to be more "feminine" than most normal women due to the lack of androgenic effects.
		Partial AIS males will respond to limited amounts or types of androgens, while complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) will result in a biological male who will appear fully female and have a vagina, but will not be able to reproduce due to the lack of female gonads and internal sex organs.
	www.explainthat.info /ai/ais.html (500 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of sexual differentiation that occurs in persons with the 46XY chromosome complement (karyotype) typical of males, but who are partly or totally insensitive to androgens (male hormones).
		In complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), the body is completely unresponsive to androgens and develops as female in external anatomy.
		There is also form called minimal androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) where the external anatomy is normally or nearly normally male, but the forms that are closer to female in external anatomy are more common.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/a/an/androgen_insensitivity_syndrome.html (338 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome Totally Explained
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or "Androgen resistance syndrome") is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor.
		As puberty progresses, later secondary sex characteristics in males are nearly entirely due to androgens (continued growth of the penis, maturation of spermatogenic tissue and fertility, beard, deeper voice, masculine jaw and musculature, body hair, heavier bones).
		The mother of the woman with AIS is likely to be an unaffected carrier of the gene on one of her X chromosomes.
	androgen_insensitivity_syndrome.totallyexplained.com (0 words)

	ANDROGEN RECEPTOR DISORDERS
		It is generally accepted that defects in the androgen receptor gene can prevent the normal development of both internal and external male structures in 46, XY individuals and information on the molecular structure of the human androgen receptor gene has facilitated the study of molecular defects associated with androgen insensitivity.
		The main phenotypic characteristics of individuals with the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) are: female external genitalia, a short, blind ending vagina, absence of wolffian duct derived structures like epididymides, vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles, the absence of a prostate, the absence of pubic and axillary hair and the development of gynecomastia (87, 88).
		It is speculated that a decrease in androgen action within the breast cells could account for the development of male breast cancer by the loss of a protective effect of androgens.
	www.endotext.org /male/male3/ch01s06.html (2101 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome from Pediatrics / Endocrinology
		Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition resulting in a failure of normal masculinization of the external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.
		Pathophysiology: The basic etiology of AIS is a loss-of-function mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
		DHT or androgen analogues that cannot be aromatized to estrogen appear to be the treatments of choice.
	author.emedicine.com /PED/topic2222.htm (5262 words)

	What is AIS?
		AIS is not a disorder of the sex chromosomes, because the sex chromosomes in an AIS baby are those of a normal male, XY.
		AIS is inherited by a genetic condition in the family known as an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, or partly recessive gene or a male-limited autosomal dominant.
		If AIS is present in a family, there are tests available to see if an XX woman is a carrier and thus capable of passing the defective gene on to her children (see Obtaining/Facing Diagnosis).
	www.medhelp.org /www/ais/21_OVERVIEW.HTM (0 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Symptom, Cause and Treatment
		The androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) typically includes evidence of feminization (i.e., undermasculinization) of the external genitalia at birth, abnormal secondary sexual development in puberty, and infertility.
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition resulting in a failure of normal masculinization of the external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.
		Partial or mild androgen insensitivity syndrome results when tissues are partially sensitive to the effects of androgens.
	www.depression-guide.com /androgen-insensitivity-syndrome.htm (469 words)

	OMIM ENTRY 300068
		The androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder in which affected males have female external genitalia, female breast development, blind vagina, absent uterus and female adnexa, and abdominal or inguinal testes, despite a normal male (2A + XY) karyotype.
		The androgen insensitivity syndrome was referred to earlier, in both the human and the mouse, as testicular feminization (TFM).
		However, androgen binding in fibroblast monolayers was thermolabile, up-regulation of receptor levels did not occur after prolonged incubation with dihydrotestosterone or methyltrienolone, and dissociation rates at 37 degrees centigrade were increased with the synthetic androgen mibolerone.
	www.dur.ac.uk /~dbl0www3/MBD/Androgen.html (4069 words)

	Second Type Woman - Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At puberty girls with AIS experience a female pubertal development because their hidden testes produce sufficient oestrogen to induce development of the breasts, hips genitalia, etc. (if the testes have been already removed, larger oestrogen doses will be given at age 12).
		My body can’t respond to androgens." If AIS women do have any physical advantage in sports then it probably lies in the fact they often tend to be tall and their skeleton nearer to male than female in structure, although their musculature and body fat distribution is always typically female.
		It was also clear that any benefits that an AIS woman may naturally have because of her "male" XY genes are largely offset by the disadvantages of her condition, and at worst are trivial compared with the effects of illegal performance enhancing drugs such as steroids on the genetically XX female body.
	transwoman.tripod.com /ais.htm (3905 words)

	Fact Sheet: Understanding Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A gene on the X chromosome controls tissue androgen sensitivity, and AIS is an X-linked recessive condition, inherited down the maternal line (or, in an estimated one third of cases, results from a spontaneous mutation).
		AIS is a biological intersex condition, in which the reproductive organs/genitalia are partly at variance with the genetic sex.
		AIS women should be aware of their increased risk of osteoporosis, especially if they have not used HRT continuously after gonadectomy.
	sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au /sixtyminutes/stories/2000_06_25/story_186.asp (1746 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome : AIS
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a sex-linked mutation which causes a lack of sensitivity to androgens, the male sex hormones.
		People born with AIS thus are almost always genetically male, even though their appearance and personality tends to be more "feminine" than most normal women due to the lack of androgenic effects.
		Partial AIS males will respond to limited amounts or types of androgens, while complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) will result in a biological male who will appear fully female and have a vagina, but will not be able to reproduce due to the lack of female gonads and internal sex organs.
	www.fastload.org /ai/AIS.html (320 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is when a person has one X and one Y sex chromosome (making them genetically male), but is resistant to androgens (male hormones).
		The syndrome is caused by various genetic mutations on the X chromosome.
		If the androgen insensitivity is complete, this prevents the development of the penis and other male body parts.
	www.phoebeputney.com /information/healthlibrary/hie/001180.asp (278 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is typically characterized by evidence of feminization (i.e., undermasculinization) of the external genitalia at birth, abnormal secondary sexual development in puberty, and infertility in individuals with a 46,XY karyotype.
		AIS represents a spectrum of defects in androgen action and can be subdivided into three broad phenotypes: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), with typical female genitalia; partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) with predominantly female, predominantly male, or ambiguous genitalia; and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) with typical male genitalia.
		AIS is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/androgen/details.html (0 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome Summary
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder caused by mutation of the gene for the androgen receptor.
		AIS is an X-linked recessive disorder that completely or partially prevents development of male sexual characteristics despite the presence of the Y chromosome.
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or "Androgen resistance syndrome") is a set of disorders of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the gene encoding the androgen receptor.
	www.bookrags.com /Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome (6318 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a genetic condition carried on the X chromosome.
		AIS is a genetic condition in which the organs of the fetus that can develop into ovaries or testes (known as the fetal gonads) make male hormones (testosterone), but because the fetus has no receptors for these hormones, her body doesn't "see," or acknowledge, them.
		Also, if a girl with AIS has an aunt or older sister with the same condition, she may be able to talk to that relative about what she's thinking and feeling.
	www.drspock.com /article/0,1510,6229,00.html (1047 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Genetics Home Reference
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty.
		Mutations in the AR gene cause androgen insensitivity syndrome.
		Androgens and androgen receptors also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=androgeninsensitivitysyndrome (753 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome Information on Healthline
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), also known as testicular feminization, is one of the most common conditions where the chromosome sex and gonadal sex do not agree with the phenotypic sex.
		In partial androgen insensitivity, also called Reifenstein syndrome, partial androgen insensitivity results in female genitalia with some masculinization, ambiguous genitalia, or male genitalia with partial feminization.
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a genetic condition where affected people have male chromosomes and male gonads (testicles).
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/androgen-insensitivity-syndrome (428 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome Treatment and Symptoms
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an inherited condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty.
		Because their bodies are unable to respond to certain hormones (called androgens), they may have mostly female sexual characteristics or signs of both male and female sexual development.
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS, or "Androgen resistance syndrome") is...
	goldbamboo.com /topic-t6817.html (279 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome Medical Information
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is when a person who is genetically male (has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones called androgens.
		The syndrome is caused by various genetic mutations on the X chromosome.
		Complete AIS is rarely discovered during childhood, unless a mass is felt in the abdomen or groin that turns out to be a testicle when it is explored surgically.
	www.drugs.com /enc/androgen_insensitivity_syndrome.html (756 words)

	CIGNA - Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, Partial
		Each of these forms of AIS is also a hereditary form of male pseudohermaphroditism, in which the baby is born with testes and possesses both male and female characteristics.
		Turner syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder of females characterized by short stature and the lack of sexual development at puberty.
		Although the exact cause of Turner syndrome is not known, it appears to occur as a result of a random error during the division (meiosis) of sex cells.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/nord844.html (2195 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) \| Intersex Society of North America
		Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, or AIS, is a genetic condition, inherited (except for occasional spontaneous mutations), occurring in approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals.
		Vaginoplasty surgery is frequently performed on AIS infants or girls to increase the size of the vagina, so that she can engage in penetrative intercourse with a partner with an average size penis.
		Except for spontaneous mutations, the mother of an AIS individual is a carrier, and her XY children have a 1/2 chance of having AIS.
	www.isna.org /faq/conditions/ais (0 words)

	NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
		Androgen insensitivity refers to an inability of the body to respond properly to male sex hormones (androgens) produced during pregnancy.
		Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (pais) is part of a spectrum of syndromes that also includes androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (mais).
		In partial androgen insensitivity syndrome, the development of the external genitals will be intermediate between male and female (ambiguous genitalia).
	www.rarediseases.org /search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Androgen%20Insensitivity%20Syndrome%2C%20Partial (423 words)

	GeneDx :: Tests :: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, Testicular Feminization Syndrome
		Patients with AIS may come to attention in utero because of inconsistency between pre-natal karyotype (male) and ultrasound findings of a female fetus, or at birth because of ambiguous genitalia.
		Clinically affected individuals with complete AIS are expected to have a mutation detection rate at approximately 83-95%, while the detection rate for individuals with milder phenotypes (i.e.
		partial androgen insensitivity and mild androgen insensitivity) is not precisely known, but is thought to be much lower.
	www.genedx.com /services/dis_ais.php (319 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, Partial - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Androgen insensitivity refers to an inability of the body to respond properly to male sex hormones (androgens) produced during pregnancy.
		Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (pais) is part of a spectrum of syndromes that also includes androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (mais).
		Each of these forms of AIS is also a hereditary form of male pseudohermaphroditism, in which the baby is born with testes and possesses both male and female characteristics.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/nord/nord844.htm (494 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - UPCMedicalDirectory
		Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition...
		Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive...
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of sexual differentiation that results from mutations of the genes encoding the androgen receptor.
	www.upcmd.com /?First=Androgen+Insensitivity+Syndrome (592 words)

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