
	Where results make sense

Topic: Androgen receptor

Related Topics

Androgen insensitivity syndromes

Androgen insensitivity syndrome AIS

Androgen and estrogen metabolism

androgen antagonist

Androgens, subavian species

Androgens, effects in birds

androgen binding protein

olfactory receptor neuron

peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

GABA A receptor

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Orchiectomy or androgen receptor blockade attenuates baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in ...
		Androgen depletion (3 weeks), and androgen receptor blockade (20–24 h), were implemented to test the hypothesis that testosterone influences baroreflex bradycardia via its activity at the androgen receptor in male rats.
		The consequence of androgen receptor blockade on baroreflex bradycardia was investigated to elucidate a mechanism for the previously determined androgen-mediated facilitation of baroreflex bradycardia in male rats [2].
		However, the ability of flutamide to penetrate the blood brain barrier [8], the presence of androgen receptor mRNA in the brainstem regions which control the baroreceptor reflex in male rats [33] and the presence of androgen receptor protein in similar regions in male rats [34], suggest that testosterone's effects may be centrally mediated.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2210/6/2 (3823 words)

	Androgen receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The androgen receptor is an intracellular steroid receptor of the nuclear receptor super family that specifically binds testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
		The androgen insensitivity syndrome, formerly known as testicular feminization, is caused by a mutation of the Androgen Receptor gene located on the X chromosome (locus:Xq11-Xq12).
		The androgen receptor seems to affect neuron physiology and is defective in Kennedy disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Androgen_receptor (495 words)

	ANDROGEN RECEPTOR: FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN STRUCTURE
		Several mutations in the ligand binding domain, detected in patients with the syndrome of androgen insensitivity, affect negatively the interaction of the NH2-terminal domain with the ligand binding domain, while androgen binding was impaired, indicating the importance of this interaction (59).
		This regulatory function of the androgen receptor ligand binding domain in the absence of hormone, is not unique for the androgen receptor and has been reported also for the glucocorticoid receptor (67).
		Androgen receptor antagonists are compounds that interfere in some way in the biological effects of androgens and are frequently used in the treatment of androgen-based pathologies.
	www.endotext.org /male/male3/ch01s05.html (1812 words)

	John Berardi - Androgen Action and the Androgen Receptor
		Although androgens possess both genomic (direct) and non-genomic (indirect) actions, it has been thought that the majority of their action is through direct activation of DNA transcription via high affinity interactions with intracellular androgen receptors (AR).
		Although receptor dependent interactions may ultimately turn out to be quantitatively most important, as androgen receptor independent actions continue to be uncovered, the importance of these non-genomic interactions may shed new light on androgen's effects.
		Although much is yet to be discovered regarding androgen mechanism of action, the androgen receptor, regulation of androgen receptor mediated transcription, and control of the androgenic and anabolic effects of testosterone and its metabolites, new discoveries are rapidly being reported.
	www.johnberardi.com /articles/hormones/androgen.htm (3902 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|Fact sheets\|Androgen Receptor Gene and Prostate Cancer
		Irvine RA, Yu MC, Ross RK: The CAG and GGC microsatellites of the androgen receptor gene are in linkage disequilibrium in men with prostate cancer.
		A case-control study of the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in Australian prostate carcinoma subjects.
		Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene in high-risk sibships.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/factsheets/FS_AR_prostate.htm (1188 words)

	Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
		Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is typically characterized by evidence of feminization (i.e., undermasculinization) of the external genitalia at birth, abnormal secondary sexual development in puberty, and infertility in individuals with a 46,XY karyotype.
		The issue of different forms of androgen receptor is somewhat confusing as a number of mutations that delete either whole exons or a substantial part of an exon, or affect splice sites, have been identified.
		The entire N-terminal portion of the androgen receptor (~537 aa) is encoded by exon 1, the DNA-binding domain (aa 557-616) by exons 2 and 3, the bipartite nuclear localization signal (aa 617-636) by exons 3 and 4, and the androgen-binding domain (aa 645-919) by exons 4-8.
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/androgen/details.html (4803 words)

	Androgen receptor signaling intensity is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to ...
		Androgen receptor signaling intensity is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to selenium inhibition of growth and cancer-specific biomarkers -- Dong et al.
		Androgen receptor signaling intensity is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to selenium inhibition of growth and cancer-specific biomarkers
		Androgen receptor protein level was depressed by 60% or 77% at 6 or 16 h, respectively.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/4/7/1047 (4601 words)

	ANDROGEN RECEPTOR DISORDERS
		It is generally accepted that defects in the androgen receptor gene can prevent the normal development of both internal and external male structures in 46, XY individuals and information on the molecular structure of the human androgen receptor gene has facilitated the study of molecular defects associated with androgen insensitivity.
		The main phenotypic characteristics of individuals with the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) are: female external genitalia, a short, blind ending vagina, absence of wolffian duct derived structures like epididymides, vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles, the absence of a prostate, the absence of pubic and axillary hair and the development of gynecomastia (87, 88).
		The shortened glutamine stretch as such, is not the cause for the androgen resistance but seems to increase the thermolability of the androgen receptor in combination with a point mutation in exon 5 (Y763C) in the ligand binding domain.
	www.endotext.org /male/male3/ch01s06.html (2101 words)

	CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene of infertile Japanese males with oligozoospermia -- Komori et al. 5 ...
		CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene of infertile Japanese males with oligozoospermia -- Komori et al.
		The spectrum of mutations in the androgen receptor gene that cause androgen resistance.
		(1993) Mutations of androgen receptor gene in androgen insensitivity syndromes.
	molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/1/14 (2084 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Genetics Home Reference
		Because their bodies are unable to respond to certain hormones (called androgens), they may have mostly female sexual characteristics or signs of both male and female sexual development (hermaphroditism).
		Mutations in the AR gene cause androgen insensitivity syndrome.
		Androgens and androgen receptors also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=androgeninsensitivitysyndrome (753 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|Reviews\|Prostate Cancer\|PubMed ID: 14726805
		Androgen, acting through the androgen receptor (AR) is helpful in preserving the normal function and structure of the prostate.
		Androgens, such as testosterone, are strong tumor promoters, and work with the AR to augment the effect of any carcinogens present and stimulate cell division.
		Androgens affect the human embryo in utero and lead to the development of male internal and external genitalia.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/reviews/Prostate.htm (3161 words)

	Androgen Receptor Regulation by Bill Roberts
		The belief that androgen receptors downregulate in response to androgen is one of the most unfounded and absurd concepts in bodybuilding.
		The reference to "re-opening" the testosterone receptors is dubious at best, since the receptors are not closed, nor is their any indication in any scientific literature that such could possibly be the case, or that some given style of training will remedy any such (nonexistent) condition.
		Since the majority of androgen receptors are occupied at quite moderate levels of AAS, the explanation cannot be simply that a higher percentage of receptors is occupied, with the receptor number being the same.
	www.mesomorphosis.com /articles/pharmacology/androgen-receptor-regulation.htm (4615 words)

	Study Provides Insights on Why Some Prostate Cancer Becomes Resistant to Hormone Withdrawal Therapy
		The androgen receptor's normal function is to control growth of the prostate gland in response to cues from male hormones called androgens, which have long been thought to stimulate prostate tumors.
		The androgen receptor is a protein produced by prostate cells that binds to androgens, a family of chemically related hormones that includes testosterone.
		Although the binding of androgens to the receptor is important for healthy prostate development, the hormones may, under some conditions, stimulate the prostate-tumor cells to divide.
	www.fhcrc.org /about/ne/news/2005/01/25/androgen_receptor.html (1018 words)

	Androgen receptor outwits prostate cancer drugs - Nature Medicine
		Binding of androgen receptor by its cognate ligand results in dimerization and binding of the receptor to regulatory sequences of specific genes in the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells (Fig.
		Although androgen receptor transcriptionally regulates these markers in the nuclei of the secretory luminal cells, the receptor does not stimulate proliferation or survival, instead suppressing the growth of the secretory cells by inhibiting andromedin-induced proliferation
		A logical prediction emerging from these studies is that reducing androgen receptor expression to a critical level would not only slow the growth of prostate cancer cells, but would also result in apoptosis.
	www.nature.com /nm/journal/v10/n1/full/nm0104-26.html (1158 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| Hormonal Regulation of Androgen Receptor Expression
		Description: The long term objectives of the proposed research are to understand the effects of endocrine status on androgen receptor abundance in normal and diseased target tissues and to evaluate the physiologic significance of fluctuations in receptor number.
		The capacity of receptors to be regulated by cognate ligand is a feature common to virtually all members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family.
		The specific aims of this proposal are: I. To evaluate the effects of androgens on steady state levels, transcription and stability of androgen receptor mRNA in cells transfected with the human androgen receptor cDNA.
	www.epa.gov /edrlupvx/inventory/NIDD-005.html (393 words)

	Androgen Receptor
		When the androgen receptor is inactive, it is bound to heat-shock proteins in the cytoplasm of prostate cells.
		The dihydrotestosterone-bound androgen receptor translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and binds to the androgen-response elements, thereby activating genes involved in cell growth.
		In the former type of pathway, a mutated androgen receptor may be activated by various ligands.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/tindall_lab/androgen.cfm (245 words)

	Info on stacking,dosing and megadosing,cycles duration+ +
		Since the administered drug(s) may not provide the body enough androgen content to compensate for this loss, this type of cycle may sometimes interfere with aggression and libido (Deca is a common offender).
		In the absence of excess estrogen, the heightened androgen level brought about by these drugs can actually enhance the removal of body fat, and noticeably increase the look of hardness/density to the physique (provided the user's body fat percentage is low enough to make this visible).
		Though not well understood, a number of studies do suggest that different modes of action might exist for steroids outside of the androgen receptor (which would seem to support the notion that cooperative or synergistic effects can be seen with different drug arrangements).
	www.capital-pharmacy.com /stacking.htm (1364 words)

	A Yeast Screen System for Aromatase Inhibitors and Ligands for Androgen Receptor: Yeast Cells Transformed with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The functional expression of the androgen receptor in yeast was further confirmed by transforming the yeast strain (YEpARc) with a reporter plasmid containing two copies of a GRE/PRE of the glucocorticoid responsive tyrosine aminotransferase gene upstream of the yeast promoter, CYC1, which is fused to the lac-Z gene of E.
		The three androgens (Ad, T, and DHT) were incubated with the yeast strain carrying the mouse androgen receptor expression plasmid and the reporter plasmid (YEpARc/YEpA) under induced conditions in the absence or presence of the aromatase inhibitor, AG (1 mM).
		The binding affinity of 4-OHA to the androgen receptor is 0.1% that of mibolerone (30).
	www.ehponline.org /members/1999/107p855-860mak/mak-full.html (4583 words)

	Introduction to Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations
		Introduction to the Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations Database
		Constitutional mutations in the androgen receptor gene (AR) impair androgen - dependent male sexual differentiation to various degrees.
		Because different clinical degrees of AI are sometimes seen within families or between those with the same mutation, the new version of the database has an entry for family history.
	www.androgendb.mcgill.ca /intro.htm (402 words)

	eMedicine - Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome : Article Excerpt by: Bruce E Wilson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition resulting in a failure of normal masculinization of the external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.
		Pathophysiology: The basic etiology of AIS is a loss-of-function mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
		Loss of AR function means that, despite normal levels of androgen synthesis, the typical postreceptor events that mediate the effects of hormones on tissues do not occur.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/androgen-insensitivity-syndrome.htm (681 words)

	Melatonin and hair loss
		Differential regulation by melatonin of cell growth and androgen receptor binding to the androgen response element in prostate cancer cells.
		METHODS: The effects of androgen, melatonin and their combination on the growth of the PC3-AR cells and on AR DNA binding in PC3-AR and LNCaP cells were studied.
		The pineal hormone melatonin is an androgen protagonist in vivo and in vitro.
	www.hairloss-research.org /melatonin.html (617 words)

	Androgen receptor action
		The principal action of androgen is to regulate gene expression through the androgen receptor (AR), which belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors.
		Nuclear receptors are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate the signals of a broad variety of fat-soluble hormones, including the steroid and vitamin D3 hormones, thyroid hormones retinoids (Evans 1988, Beato 1989, Truss and Beato 1993).
		Upon binding to an androgen response element (ARE), the receptor dimer recruits coactivators such as p160 family and CBP/p300 that possess histone acetyltransferase activity or recruits histone acetyltransferase p/CAF to form an active preinitiation complex and interacts with basal transcription machinery to trigger the transcription of the target genes.
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514267621/html/x516.html (1770 words)

	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As DHT (or T) binds to the receptor, a portion of the protein is cleaved.
		The transcription effect is amplified or inhibited by coactivators or corepressors.
		Androgenic body hair may be sparser than unaffected relatives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome (4775 words)

	A germline mutation in the androgen receptor gene in two brothers with breast cancer and Reifenstein syndrome - Nature ...
		Sequence analysis revealed a mutation in the androgen receptor gene on the X chromosome, within the region encoding the DNA binding domain.
		Molecular basis of androgen resistance in a family with a qualitative abnormality of the androgen receptor and responsive to high dose androgen therapy.
		Mader, S., Kumar, V., de Verneuil, H. and Chambon, P. Three amino acids of the oestrogen receptor are essential to its ability to distinguish an oestrogen from a glucocorticoid-response element.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/ng1092-132 (447 words)

	eMedicine - Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome : Article by Bruce E Wilson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DHT or androgen analogues that cannot be aromatized to estrogen appear to be the treatments of choice.
		Batch JA, Evans BA, Hughes IA, Patterson MN: Mutations of the androgen receptor gene identified in perineal hypospadias.
		Charest NJ, Zhou ZX, Lubahn DB, et al: A frameshift mutation destabilizes androgen receptor messenger RNA in the Tfm mouse.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2222.htm (5023 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)