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Topic: Andromeda Galaxy

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	Andromedia Galaxy & Constellation - Crystalinks
		The Andromeda Galaxy (also known as Messier Object 31, M31, or NGC 224; older texts often call it the Andromeda Nebula) is a giant spiral galaxy in the Local Group, together with the Milky Way galaxy.
		The Andromeda Galaxy is easily visible to the naked eye in a truly dark sky; however, such a truly dark sky is available only in relatively few, isolated areas very far from population centers and sources of light pollution.
		In Greek mythology, Andromeda was the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Ethiopia.
	www.crystalinks.com /andromeda.html (1405 words)

	Case, WIYN astronomers discover new galaxy orbiting Andromeda
		The new galaxy is so widespread and transparent that astronomers did not suspect its existence until they mapped the velocity of stars thought to belong to the well-known and nearby large Andromeda spiral galaxy and found them to move independently of Andromeda.
		She adds that the reason Andromeda VIII escaped detection was the fact that it is located in front of the bright regions of Andromeda's galaxy disk.
		Andromeda VIII's total brightness is comparable to that of Andromeda's well-known companion M32, a small nearby galaxy, but Andromeda VIII is spread over an area of the sky as much as ten times or more larger than M32.
	www.case.edu /pubaff/univcomm/2003/9-03/galaxy.htm (821 words)

	eSky: Andromeda Galaxy
		The distance to the Andromeda Galaxy is immense: some 2,300,000 light years, but nonetheless its vast size and luminosity mean that it is still visible to the naked eye (in fact, it is the most distant object that can been seen without a telescope).
		The galaxy is most visible in the northern sky towards the end of autumn and beginning of winter.
		The constellation of Andromeda is simple to locate: a imaginary line from the Pole Star through the 'W' of Cassiopeia leads directly to it, and the pale form of the Andromeda Galaxy is not hard to find in its central regions.
	www.glyphweb.com /esky/galaxies/andromeda.html (502 words)

	Quickie Questions - Astronomy Anomalies - Galaxies
		A galaxy is a group of stars held together by the gravitational attraction of one star for another.
		As many as 50% of the galaxies in the Universe are grouped together in clusters and super clusters which in turn are organized into huge strings and walls of galaxies millions of light years across (see a computer simulation representing this pattern here).
		Andromeda was a young woman who was chained to a rock in the ocean to be eaten by a monster.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /kids_space/qastr_gal.html (1994 words)

	The Andromeda Galaxy: The Rodney Dangerfield of the Night Sky
		But show them the Andromeda Galaxy and you receive a polite smile dimly visible in the starshine and then they fold their arms and wait impatiently for you to aim the scope elsewhere.
		If you reside in the northern hemisphere, the Andromeda Galaxy is the only extra-galactic object visible to the naked eye, and that tells you it is either close (on a cosmic scale, anyway) or very bright, or both.
		Andromeda is about 110,000 light-years in diameter and is one of the most intrinsically luminous galaxies known.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/amateur_astronomy/80402 (557 words)

	Andromeda Galaxy
		Andromeda's satellite (or "companion") galaxies include M32 and M110, two bright dwarf elliptical galaxies that are the brightest of a swarm of smaller companions.
		Satellite galaxy M32 may be interacting to distort the disk structure of Andromeda itself, whose spiral arms of neutral hydrogen are displaced from those consisted of stars by around 4,000 light-years and so cannot be continuously followed in the area closest to its smaller neighbor.
		One hypothesis is that such satellite galaxies are tiny left-overs from the break-up of a more massive galaxy which has since been swallowed by their host but still move within the orbital plane of their predecessor, as galactic mergers are believed to be a main mechanism of galactic growth.
	www.solstation.com /x-objects/andromeda.htm (2237 words)

	Messier Object 31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1923, Edwin Hubble found the first Cepheid variable in the Andromeda galaxy and thus established the intergalactic distance and the true nature of M31 as a galaxy.
		The brightest globular cluster of the Andromeda Galaxy M31, G1, is also the most luminous globular in the Local Group of Galaxies; its apparent visual brightness from Earth is still about 13.72 magnitudes.
		The brightest star cloud in the Andromeda galaxy M31 has been assigned an own NGC number: NGC 206, because William Herschel had taken it into his catalog as H V.36 on the grounds of his discovery observation of October 17, 1786.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m031.html (1538 words)

	Andromeda Galaxy - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki
		The Andromeda Galaxy (M31, or NGC 224) is the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy, located approximately 2,500,000 light years from the Alpha Quadrant at its closest point.
		An ancient humanoid race from the Andromeda Galaxy became extinct following the destruction of their homeworld when their sun went supernova.
		Centuries ago, Kelvans became aware of dangerously rising radiation levels in Andromeda, a development expected to make that galaxy uninhabitable for their species within 10,000 years.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy (246 words)

	Sloan Digital Sky Survey
		The new galaxy, named Andromeda IX for its location near M31, the Andromeda galaxy, is nearly twice as faint as the previous record holder, and is so diffuse that it appears 100 times dimmer than the night sky.
		Andromeda IX is some 100,000 times fainter than M31 (also called the Andromeda Galaxy) or the Milky Way, has a diameter of roughly 3,000 light years, and lies at a distance of 2 million light years from the Sun.
		While Andromeda IX has many of the characteristics of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy -- a class of small, relatively faint, oval-shaped galaxies typically found as satellites of larger galaxies -- it is significantly fainter and more diffuse than any found to date.
	www.sdss.org /news/releases/20040531.andromeda9.html (1409 words)

	USATODAY.com - Strange setup: Andromeda's satellite galaxies all lined up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An unusually high number of galaxies are aligned along a single plane running through the center of the giant Andromeda galaxy.
		The Andromeda galaxy is located at a distance of 2.5 million light-years away and is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.
		The plane containing Andromeda's satellite galaxies points toward two such objects: M33, a spiral galaxy located 0.7 million light-years away from Andromeda and M81, a cluster of about 30 galaxies that is 11 million light-years away.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2006-01-23-andromeda-lines_x.htm (628 words)

	CBC News - Andromeda galaxy is a cannibal: astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CBC News - Andromeda galaxy is a cannibal: astronomers
		Andromeda, the large, spiral galaxy visible to the naked eye as a smudge in the sky, is actually a stellar predator – eating up its neighbouring dwarf galaxies.
		The evidence of "galactic dismemberment" is a stream of stars on the outskirts of Andromeda that appear to have been stripped from neighbouring dwarf galaxies.
	cbc.ca /cgi-bin/templates/view.cgi?/news/2001/07/05/cannabil_galaxy (401 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: News Releases
		The Andromeda galaxy, named for the mythological princess who almost fell prey to a sea monster, appears tranquil in a new image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
		The Andromeda galaxy, also known by astronomers as Messier 31, is located 2.5 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda.
		Andromeda spans about 260,000 light-years, which means that a light beam would take 260,000 years to travel from one end of the galaxy to the other.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/news.cfm?release=2006-082 (687 words)

	ScienceDaily: Cold Gas In The Andromeda Galaxy
		Andromeda's Stellar Halo Shows Galaxy's Origin To Be Similar To That Of Milky Way (March 21, 2006) -- For the last decade, astronomers have thought that the Andromeda galaxy, our nearest galactic neighbor, was rather different from the Milky Way.
		Andromeda Adrift In Sea Of Dust In New NASA Image (June 5, 2006) -- The Andromeda galaxy, named for the mythological princess who almost fell prey to a sea monster, appears tranquil in a new image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
		Galaxy formation and evolution -- The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/07/060716224756.htm (2350 words)

	Andromeda X: Andromeda's Newest Satellite Galaxy by Ken Croswell
		Andromeda X--the "X" is the Roman numeral ten--is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, a diffuse collection of stars spread out from one another.
		The red giants' brightness indicates that Andromeda X is slightly closer to us than the Andromeda Galaxy is. Whereas Andromeda's distance from Earth is 2.5 million light-years, Zucker's team estimates Andromeda X is 2.2 to 2.4 million light-years from us.
		Andromeda X is the fifteenth known satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.
	www.kencroswell.com /AndromedaX.html (806 words)

	Andromeda Galaxy
		The Andromeda Galaxy is a galaxy which is located in the constellation Andromeda.
		The Andromeda Galaxy is located at 00 42.7 right ascension and 41 16 declination.
		This Galaxy has an apparent angular size of 178 and a visual brightness of 3.4.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /galaxies/andromeda.htm (69 words)

	SPACE.com -- Small Galaxy Punches Hole In Andromeda
		Sometime in the distant past, the dwarf galaxy M32 hurled itself at its much larger neighbor Andromeda, delivering an explosive uppercut punch that left a jagged hole nearly 10,000 light-years across in Andromeda's plane of stars, one that millions of years later has yet to fully heal.
		Andromeda, also known as Messier Object 31 or M31, is about 200 thousand light-years across and about 1.5 times more massive than the Milky Way.
		Neither Andromeda or our own galaxy are expected to survive that collision with their spiral shapes intact.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/051017_spitzer_andromeda.html (746 words)

	Andromeda galaxy (M31)
		It is still not clear if M33, the smaller spiral galaxy in Triangulum, and its probable companion LGS 3 belong to this subgroup, or the more remote Local Group member IC 1613, or one of the possible member candidates UGCA 86 or UGCA 92.
		The Andromeda Galaxy is in notable interaction with its companion M32, which is apparently responsible for a considerable amount of disturbance in the spiral structure of M31.
		In the second case, the duplicity of Andromeda's nucleus would be an illusion causes by a dark dust cloud obstructing parts of a single nucleus in the center of M31.
	andromeda.clu.pl (1586 words)

	The Great Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and Companions (M32 and NGC205) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The diffuse light from Andromeda is caused by the hundreds of billions of stars that compose it.
		The several distinct stars that surround Andromeda's image are actually stars in our Galaxy that are well in front of the background object.
		Andromeda is frequently referred to as M31 since it is the 31st object on Messier's list of diffuse sky objects.
	www.skyfactory.org /m31/m31.htm (419 words)

	SPACE.com -- Exploring Andromeda
		Andromeda according to legend, should be chained to a rock.
		In the year 905 A.D., the Persian astronomer Al Sufi drew attention amidst the stars of Andromeda to a "Little Cloud" and it appeared on star charts long before the telescope was invented in 1609.
		This great island universe is the nearest of all the spiral galaxies and one of the largest known.
	www.space.com /spacewatch/041217_andromeda_galaxy.html (702 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| 'Transparent' galaxy discovered
		The newly found galaxy is being torn apart into streams of stars, which leaves a trail of stars that are strung out along the new galaxy's orbit around the Andromeda galaxy in the way a jet's contrail shows its route.
		Andromeda is the nearest large spiral galaxy to our own Milky Way galaxy two million light years away.
		They plan future observations to connect the different star streams with their progenitors, and thus learn more about the properties of the companion galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy and its elusive dark matter halo, the unseen matter that is suspected to be present in the universe.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0309/18transparent (1051 words)

	Andromeda Galaxy
		Located around 2.5 million light years away, the Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object visible to the naked eye, and is considered to be the sister galaxy of our own Milky Way.
		Traditionally, galaxy halos were thought to be relatively smooth and devoid of substructure.
		In fact the new survey shows that Andromeda’s halo is the exact opposite: it has a wealth of structure, indicating that it has ripped apart smaller galaxies that came too close and that the halo is built up from their remains.
	meta-religion.com /Astronomy/Galaxies/andromeda_galaxy.htm (553 words)

	Cold gas in the Andromeda galaxy
		The Andromeda galaxy, also known under its catalogue number M31, is a system of billions of stars, similar to our Milky Way.
		The distance of M31 is 'only' 2.5 million light years, making it the nearest spiral galaxy The galaxy extends over some 5 degrees in the sky and can be seen with the naked eye as a tiny diffuse cloud.
		Since the Andromeda galaxy is moving towards us with a velocity of about 300 km/second, it will closely pass the Milky Way in about 2 billion years.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-06/m-cgi063006.php (1339 words)

	[No title]
		Andromeda was the daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia of Ethiopia.
		Located, as it is, in the same field of view as the giant Andromeda galaxy causes it to be virtually overlooked.
		Curiously, this galaxy was discovered by Charles Messier on August 10, 1773, and depicted on his fine drawing of the "Great Andromeda Nebula" and its companions published in 1807, but Messier did never himself include this object in his catalog, due to unknown reasons, perhaps a certain sloppiness in recording.
	www.utahskies.org /deepsky/constellations/andromeda.html (897 words)

	Press Release: Lady in Red: Andromeda Galaxy Shines in Spitzer's Eyes
		Andromeda is the most-studied galaxy outside our own Milky Way, yet Spitzer's sensitive infrared eyes have detected captivating new features, including bright, aging stars and a spiral arc in the center of the galaxy.
		Approximately 2.5 million light-years away, Andromeda is the closest spiral galaxy and is the only one visible to the naked eye.
		The galaxy's central bulge glows in the light emitted by warm dust from old, giant stars.
	www.spitzer.caltech.edu /Media/releases/ssc2005-20/release.shtml (433 words)

	Andromeda's Vast Starry Disk by Ken Croswell
		Andromeda may have stripped these stars from smaller galaxies that strayed too close.
		The astronomers were astonished to find stars speeding around Andromeda in a disk far beyond the edge of the galaxy's main disk.
		Moreover, because the stars are so far from the galaxy's center, they account for 30 percent of the angular momentum in Andromeda's disks.
	www.sonic.net /~antares/AndromedaDisk.html (629 words)

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