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Topic: Andronovo

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	Andronovo Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the 1914 near the village Andronovo in the Enisei river valley, southern Siberia, several burial grounds containing skeletons in crouched position and pottery with very rich decoration were discovered.
		Settlements in the Andronovo region usually have a rectangular plan: (1) houses are placed in a line along a river; (2) houses are situated along a street; (3) houses are constructed in two rows either in a semi-circular or rectangular plan.
		At the turn of the 2nd and 1st millennium B.C. the Andronovo Cultural Family began to transform from the sedentary to nomadic mode of life characterized by annual cyclical animal herding and shared a portable material culture.
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/sintashta/andronovo1.htm (612 words)

	page16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Sanskit speakers that may have been a hybrid from an early Andronovo culture would have naturally taken refuge with there nearest neighbor, until population pressures forced migrations on the people.
		Andronovo and the Indus Valley share a common technology in metalugy.
		The Srubnaya and Andronovo are practically identical cultures in archeaology.
	www.indoeurohome.com /page16.html (211 words)

	[ Bronze Age - Alexeev's Lecture (12), 1991]
		According to Alexeev, the Andronovo Culture occupied a territory in Kazakhstan extending from the Volga River to the Altai Mountains to the southern Yenissei Valley.
		Alexeev continues: the Andronovo Culture is possibly the eastward movement of the Pit Grave Culture.
		Alexeev concludes that the Karasuk are influenced by the Andronovo and somewhat by the Afanasyevo.
	www.egyptologie.be /lecture_13_1991_alexeev.htm (7449 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Andronovo culture
		The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca.
		The name derives from the village of Andronovo where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery.
		In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture (1500-800 BCE), which is sometimes asserted to be non-Indo-European, and at other times to be specifically proto-Iranian.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Andronovo (622 words)

	Andronovo culture - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Andronovo culture, is a name given by archaeologists to a group of Bronze Age communities who lived in western Siberia, Russia and parts of Kazakhstan during the second and first millennium BC.
		The culture is named after the village of Andronovo in the Yenisei river valley, southern Siberia.
		In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1097803 (227 words)

	[No title]
		The Andronovo tribes were both farmers and stock-raisers, as repeatedly stressed by all the students of their culture.
		It should be further noted that timewise the closest affinities with Andronovo decor are to be found in North Caucasian sites of the turn of the second and first millennia B.C., which period almost dovetails with that of the colonization by Andronovo tribes in the 13th century B.C. of Southern Siberia's steppes and forest-steppes.
		As in the entire range of the Andronovo decor, in North-Russian embroidery and ornamental weaving, too the compositions are divided into three horizontal registers with the often repetitive top and bottom two enclosing the central register that as a rule displays the vitalmost designs from the angle of semantic significance.
	www.cultinfo.ru /fulltext/1/001/001/073/j5.htm (4007 words)

	Andronovo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern...
		Andronovo culture: Information from Answers.com Andronovo culture Map of the approximate maximal extent of the Andronovo culture.
		Andronovo Culture The Andronovo culture is the name given to an Old World sedentary pastoralist society of the Late Bronze Age.
	andronovo.trevisos.org (1190 words)

	[ The coming of the Aryans: L. Kleijn ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As the Andronovo hypothesis was being developed, fresh evidence calling for a revision of the problem of the origin of Aryans was also being gathered.
		Westwards of the Timber-frame Andronovo circle the catacomb cultural community was situated during the first half of the second millennium B.C. The designation catacomb arises from the fact that interments were done in the side chambers of the grave pits cut into harrows (described by Bratchenko 1974; Hadiisler 1974, 1976).
		This job is undertaken here on account of the support provided by the appearance of the catacomb graves in the wake of nomadic immigrants (as distinct from local population) in Palestine and Phynikia, and in the neighbourhood of Mitanni between the nineteenth and seventeenth centuries B.C. (Jirka 1956; Kenyon 1957; 1960).
	www.egyptologie.be /decan_college_43_1984p57_aryans_klein.htm (6616 words)

	On_the_Indo-European
		I believe the Early Andronovo were the Gutian's that sacked Mesopotamia around 2300BCE, this destruction ran from Syria to the Danube river (Early Bronze Age 2 and 3).
		I believe the Andronovo were prior to the Indo-European's of the Indus, this would explain the Hittite's large substrate interference.
		The Andronovo is a good candidate for the original homeland that would make the Hittites language close to half of the original and explain why the Hittite language stands by it's self.
	www.indoeurohome.com /On_the_Indo-European.html (2599 words)

	Cultures and Ethnic Groups West of China
		Secondly, the name Andronovo Culture ought to be used with great caution in the future, inasmuch as it suggests a uniform ethnic substratum of Indo-Iranians or Iranians, which cannot possibly he maintained (Itina 1977).
		The finds of Sintasta, where the wheels are standing in furrows carefully dug into the soil of the grave-chamber (exactly as in China), as well as the conventionalized rock carving, confirm this thesis, which was also accepted by von Dewall (1964).
		After the long phase of "Andronovo Type" cultures, the Karasuk Culture was formed in southern Siberia.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/westchina.shtml (5602 words)

	FORGOTTEN BRONZE AGE
		Bronze weapons and tools (axes, adzes, pickaxes, sickles, daggers, knives, spearheads and arrowheads) are found as well as bronze ornaments (as bracelets, pectorals or earrings) frequently; these bronzes are not imported goods, but the culture had its own bronze industry.
		The authors tell that both Andronovo Culture and the Bactria-Margiana Complex are routinely regarded as Indo-Iranian, and "particular sites so identified are being used for nationalist purposes"; indeed "ethnicity and language are not easily linked with an archaeological signature".
		Andronovo was a cultural unity but not linguistic or ethnic one.
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/SZARMAT1.htm (9886 words)

	Iron
		In the excavation places in the Minusinsk and Altay regions that were included within the environment of Afanasyevo culture, there were various knives, bradawls and strings and the other ornaments made out of copper pertaining to the years of 3000 BC.
		In the era of Andronovo culture that was considered as one of the first Turkish cultural centres, gold was excavated -for the first time in the entire Central and Northern Asia.
		In this period, "a very powerful and rich social life was observed" and the Altay region was actually the centre of the "gold industry".
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0001/0001_17_31.htm (701 words)

	TÜRK OTAĞI \|\| Türkçüler ve Türkçülük (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Andronovo Kültür sahası (Altay-Sayan dağlarının güneybatı düzlükleri), Türk Bozkır Kültürü'nün geliştiği bölgedir.
		Andronovo İnsanı diye adlandırılan bu ırk, Türk ırkının proto tipini teşkil eder.
		Andronovo döneminde Türk sanat tarihi açısından en önemli olan unsur, madenciliğin büyük bir ilerleme göstermesidir.
	www.nihalatsiz.org /forum/viewthread.php?tid=8254 (1189 words)

	Cultura de Andronovo - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Los portadores de la cultura Andronovo practicaban la cultura cerealera (trigo y cebada) y una ganadería sedentaria, que devino trashumante en la Fase Reciente.
		Los andronovos desarrollaron una notable metalurgia, esto en gran medida merced a que vivieron en un territorio rico en diversos minerales que ellos exportaban principalmente a las poblaciones protourbanas de las cultura Namazga (en el actual Turkmenistán y en la Bactriana) así como a los pueblos del Complejo Arqueológico Bactro-Margiano.
		La cultura de Andronovo es sobre todo conocida por sus sepulturas, que estaban constituidas principalmente por los túmulos llamados luego en turcotártaro y posteriormente en ruso "kurganes".
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cultura_de_Andronovo (472 words)

	ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS OF BRONZE AGE PASTORAL SOCIETIES IN THE MOUNTAINS OF EASTERN EURASIA
		The “Andronovo Cultural Community” is the name used to describe a cultural phenomenon that became widespread across the Eurasian steppes during the second millennium BCE (Sorokin 1966).
		Specifically, the Andronovo Culture is a general term that describes a widely distributed set of archaeologically documented materials including: 1) open form ceramic jars with incised geometric decorations; 2) stone-lined burials located under round mounds of earth or within rectangular stone structures; and 3) specific bronze objects such as axes, weapons, and jewelry (Fig.
		Furthermore, the sub-cultures of the Andronovo are associated with different regions of the steppe zone as well as different time periods in the culture history of the region.
	www.silkroadfoundation.org /newsletter/2004vol2num1/bronzeage.htm (3125 words)

	[No title]
		It occupies a flat promontory on the bank of the river Tartas close to its confluence with the Om´.
		The excavation results show that in the burials rites, in the grave inventories and in the pottery production for some time prevail hybrid forms in which elements of both cultural traditions are united.
		Krotovo and Andronovo elements are often found together in one and the same context, thus enabling detailed conclusions about character and chronological development of the acculturation process.
	www.dainst.org /index_3439_en.html (700 words)

	TRANSPORTOBELLO.COM: Animal Powered Transport - Chariot
		The earliest fully developed chariots known are from the chariot burials of the Andronovo (Timber-Grave) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture in modern Russia and Kazakhstan from around 2000 BC.
		It built heavily fortified settlements, engaged in bronze metallurgy on a scale hitherto unprecedented and practiced complex burial rituals reminiscent of Aryan rituals known from the Rigveda.
		The Andronovo culture over the next few centuries spreads across the steppes from the Urals to the Tien Shan, likely corresponding to early Indo-Iranian cultures which eventually spread to Iran and India in the course of the 2nd millennium BC.
	www.transportobello.com /animal/chariot.html (3045 words)

	Andronovo culture
		The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan migrations.
		There seems to have been interaction with the nomadic people of the contemporary Andronovo culture of the steppe to the north.
		Candidates for an archaeological identification of this Indoiranian culture are the Andronovo and/or Srubnaya Archaeological Complexes.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Andronovo_Culture.html (6467 words)

	Bronze Age pastoral landscapes of Eurasia and the nature of social interaction in the mountain steppe zone of eastern ...
		This study focuses on the nature of social and economic interaction among Late Bronze Age (c.1800-1500 BC) pastoralists of the mountainous steppes of Semirech'ya (eastern Kazakhstan).
		This period is typically documented in terms of various regional archaeological culture groups of the Andronovo Cultural Community, whose alleged mobility contributed to the formation of a wide macro phenomenon that spanned the Eurasian steppe zone, reflected in the wide distribution of a common material culture.
		The genesis of this distribution is typically explained through models of long distance migration or cultural diffusion, which resulted from the demands of an extensive pastoral economy and was facilitated by the ability to ride horses on the part of Bronze Age groups.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3138010 (407 words)

	Türk Bodun Kültürü (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Andronovo İnsanı diye adlandırılan bu ırk, Türk ırkının proto tipidir.
		Yukarıda da değinildiği gibi Andronovo İnsanları, Türklerin ilk atalarıdır.
		Antropologların araştırmalarına göre Andronovo Irkı'nın özellikleri şunlardır: Koyu renk saç, buğday rengi ten (hafif esmere çalan beyaz ten), brakisefal kafa, orta boy, değirmi yüz, badem göz (mongoloid özellik taşımayan ama avrupa ırklarındaki gibi de büyük ve yayvan olmayan hafif çekiğimsi göz).
	www.kangar.org /tarihon/0004.htm (1367 words)

	Türk Bodun Kültürü (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Andronovo Kültürü'nün yaratıcısı olan savaşçı Proto-Türkler'in çevreye egemen olmağa başlaması, dünya savaş tarihinde 3500 yıllık "Savaş Atı Çağı" nı açmıştır.
		Asya'daki en eski atlı defin, Andronovo Kültürü'nde görülmektedir.
		Atlı defin törenleri, Andronovo Kültürü'nden dünyaya yayılmış, bu kültürün soyundan gelen Hun ve Avar Türkleri'nce de Germen ve Islav kabilelerine öğretilmiştir.
	www.kangar.org /kultur/0001.htm (2810 words)

	Central and North Asia, 2000–1000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		By the fourth millennium B.C., lapis lazuli from Badakhshan in Afghanistan is imported into Mesopotamia, and jade found in a royal Chinese tomb of the second millennium B.C. comes from Xinjiang.
		In the second millennium B.C., the people of the Andronovo culture are making their bronzes from copper and tin, which they mine from sources from the Urals to Tajikistan.
		Although there are many regional variations among products of the Andronovo culture, Andronovo metalwork is found as far southeast as Xinjiang, as far southwest as the Kopet Dagh mountains, and as far north as the Minusinsk Basin of Siberia.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/03/nc/ht03nc.htm (426 words)

	Chariot burial - China-related Topics CE-CH - China-Related Topics
		Chariot burials are tombs in which the deceased was buried together with his chariot, usually including his horses and other possessions.
		The earliest chariots known are from chariot burials of the Andronovo cultureAndronovo (Timber-Grave) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture in modern Russia, clustering along the upper Tobol river, southeast of Magnitogorsk, from around 2000 BC, containing spoke-wheeled chariots drawn by teams of two horses.
		This culture is at least partially derived from the earlier Yamna culture, and is generally accepted as an early Proto-Indo-Iranian culture.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Chariot_burial (387 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The spread of Indo-Aryan languages has been connected with the spread of the chariot in the first half of the second millennium BC.
		Other scholars like Brentjes (1981), Klejn (1974), Francfort (1989), Lyonnet (1993), Hiebert (1998) and Sarianidi (1993) have argued that the Andronovo culture cannot be associated with the Indo-Aryans of India or with the Mitanni because the Andronovo culture took shape too late and because no actual traces of their culture (e.g.
		The archaeologist J.P. Mallory (1998) finds it "extraordinarily difficult to make a case for expansions from this northern region to northern India" and remarks that the proposed migration routes "only gets the Indo-Iranian to Central Asia, but not as far as the seats of the Medes, Persians or Indo-Aryans" (Mallory 1998; Bryant 2001: 216).
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Indo-Aryans (1030 words)

	Andronovo Map \| Russia Google Satellite Maps
		You can also dive right into Andronovo on unique 3D satellite map by Google Earth.
		And last but not least you will find Andronovo and Russia travel services offer including cheap flights, cheap hotels and other accommodation deals at the bottom of this page.
		If you would like to recommend this Andronovo map page to a friend, or if you just want to send yourself a reminder, here is the easy way to do it.
	www.maplandia.com /russia/novgorodskaya-oblast/starorusskiy-rayon/andronovo (548 words)

	Wheel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The spoked Wheel was invented much more recently, and allowed the construction of lighter and swifter vehicles.
		The earliest known examples are in the context of the Andronovo culture, dating to ca 2000 BC (see chariot).
		Celtic chariots introduced an iron rim around the Wheel in the 1st millennium BC.
	wheel.iqnaut.net (615 words)

	Archaeology & Anthropology: Where did the Aryans come from?
		On the whole we don't know where this eastern component came from, but we can see that there was a "dynamic interaction" between late Andronovo and Karasuk cultures which reached the Pontic region.
		The Scythian culture of the Pontic steppe is now seen as the result of the mix of local eastern Pontic formerly sedentary populations and central Asian nomadic populations.
		Also, the overlapping zone between the Timber-Grave and Andronovo Cultures resulted in the formation of the western component of the Sarmatians, the Sauromatians, themselves.
	www.allempires.com /forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=6358 (12574 words)

	Andronovo in Komipermyatskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia - Viovio!
		Andronovo in Komipermyatskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia - Viovio!
		Books ordered right now are expected to ship after Christmas, 12/25.
		A populated place in Komipermyatskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia.
	www.viovio.com /Earth/Asia/Russia/Komipermyatskiy_Avtonomnyy_Okrug/Andronovo (230 words)

	Brit-Am Now 241
		Andronovo stockbreeding is similar to that of Eastern Europe
		At the turn of the 2nd and 1st millennium B.C. the Andronovo Cultural
		The Andronovo Culture is a general term for different groups who
	www.britam.org /now/now241.html (1837 words)

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