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Topic: Anecdotal evidence

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	Anecdotal evidence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anecdotal evidence is an informal account of evidence in the form of an anecdote, or hearsay.
		Anecdotal evidence is often unscientific because it cannot be investigated using the scientific method.
		Anecdotal evidence is often unscientific or pseudoscientific because various forms of cognitive bias may affect the collection or presentation of evidence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anecdotal_evidence (1335 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, here is anecdotal evidence presented as proof of a desired conclusion: A fallacy is a component of an argument that is demonstrably flawed in its logic or form, thus rendering the argument invalid (except in the case of begging the question) in whole.
		Categories: Evidence A faulty generalization, also known as an inductive fallacy, is any of several errors of inductive inference: Hasty generalization is the fallacy of examining just one or very few examples or studying a single case, and generalizing that to be representative of the whole class of objects or phenomena.
		Usage of anecdotal evidence is especially effective in influencing the public when in combination with claims that the scientific method is flawed, or cannot be applied to the case, or suggesting conspiracy theories of scientists trying to silence the truth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Anecdotal-evidence (2607 words)

	Anecdote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An anecdote thus is closer to the tradition of the parable than the patently invented fable with its animal characters and generic human figures— but it is distinct from the parable in the historical specificity which it claims.
		An anecdote is not a metaphor nor does it bear a moral, a necessity in both parable and fable, merely an illustrative incident that is in some way an epitome.
		As a rule, biographical anecdotes are considered too trivial or apocryphal to be included in a scholarly biography.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anecdote (584 words)

	anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A common way anecdotal evidence becomes unscientific is through fallacious reasoning such as the ' post hoc' fallacy, the human tendency to assume that if one event happens after another, then the first must be the cause of the second.
		For example, here is anecdotal evidence presented as proof of a desired conclusion: :"There's abundant proof that God exists and is still performing miracles today.
		Altman DG, Bland M. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
	www.paloweb.com /wikipedia.asp?l=en&pages=anecdotal+evidence (1345 words)

	Scientific evidence for health benefits of dietary supplements
		Anecdotal evidence is informal evidence that has not been subjected to rigorous scientific analysis.
		Critics of dietary supplements often dismiss this accumulated wisdom as "just anecdotal evidence," but the fact that this knowledge has not been scrutinized with modern statistical techniques does not mean it has no value.
		The evidence that smoking causes cancer and that oatmeal lowers cholesterol were gathered from statistical surveys that compared the cancer rates in smokers and nonsmokers, and the blood cholesterol levels in people whose diets did or did not include oatmeal.
	www.supplementquality.com /benefits/evidence.html (852 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence is evidence stemming from a single unreliable source which is used in an argument as if it had been scientifically or statistically proven.
		The person using anecdotal evidence or may not be aware of the that by doing so they are generalizing.
		For example someone who is not a physician or other kind of expert might that eating crushed garlic and drinking one glass of red wine per day will prolong your life because their own neighbour indulged in that and died aged 90.
	www.freeglossary.com /Anecdotal_evidence (521 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence is an informal account of evidence in the form of an anecdote.
		Anecdotes like this are very powerful persuaders, but they don't actually prove anything in a scientific or logical sense.
		Some witness testimony could be described as anecdotal evidence, such as individual stories of harrassment as part of a class action lawsuit.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Anecdotal_evidence.htm (1191 words)

	Rhetoric for Engineers: Anecdotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence is a bit risky in arguments: you run the risk of not having sufficient evidence if you defend your point on the basis of anecdotes alone, or if those you use aren't representative enough.
		The fallacy of anecdotal evidence is when one uses these "exceptions to the rule" to prove their point.
		Anecdotal evidence must be both true and representative for its use to be acceptable in establishing theory.
	www.tcnj.edu /~rgraham/rhetoric/anecdotes.html (1059 words)

	Scientific enquiry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In fact, anecdotal evidence can be worse than "no evidence" because it's often calculated to present a "view", rather than to "inform".
		Anecdotal evidence such as Newton's apple or Einstein's elevator ride is turned into science when it is put into a theoretical framework.
		The scientific evidence for so many phenomena such as planetary movement, gravity or the structure of DNA has been presented in all detail without our taking any part in the enquiry, and this goes for so many facts and fields that we've almost forgotten the "enquiry" part to science.
	solstice.crest.org /pipermail/bioenergy/1998-August/006858.html (1936 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The person using anecdotal evidence may or may not beaware of the fact that, by doing so, they are generalizing.
		For example, someone who is not a physician or other kind of expert mightargue that eating crushed garlic and drinking one glass of red wine per day will prolong your life, just because their own neighbour indulged in that habit and died aged 90.
		This is not to say that anecdotal evidence is fallacious per se ; it just depends on how it is used.
	www.therfcc.org /anecdotal-evidence-6779.html (181 words)

	America's Debate -> Anecdotes
		Anecdotal evidence is valuable, but I don't think it can be used to paint society with a wide paintbrush as it is typically used here.
		In general, anecdotes are not really useful, unless you can bring alot of anecdotal evidence all at once (which then indicates a trend and is more than simply anecdotal).
		Like it or not, the reality is that anecdotal evidence is all that is available for some questions, and those who are credible acknowledge reality.
	www.americasdebate.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=3162 (1162 words)

	Employers who's policies include Gender Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence:One reporter notes that she transitioned on the job at Apple, and the letter the company wrote for her coming out was incorporated (sans identifying information) into True Selves (Millie Brown and Lin Fraser, ISBN 0-7879-0271-2) as the sample letter to give to employers of their clients.
		Anecdotal evidence: One prominent activist in the gender community left her job at the Department of Public Health for a full-time position at a local queer youth organization, prior to transitioning.
		Anecdotal evidence: Weyerhauser is reported to have taken a stand that discrimination of any kind will not be tolerated, but has not specifically cited transgenders in their list.
	www.debradavis.org /gecpage/genederempl.html (1854 words)

	Anecdotal Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are a myriad of other boasts and claims, most of which are backed by anecdotal evidence.
		Anecdotal evidence draws a conclusion from cases specifically chosen to support the argument, while ignoring cases that might tend to undermine the argument.
		Anecdotal evidence implies that it is illustrating a properly drawn conclusion, when in fact it is attempting to replace a proper inductive argument altogether.
	tkdtutor.com /04Students/Anecdotal.htm (381 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is not to say that anecdotal evidence is fallacious ; it just depends on how it is used.
		She was furious, as evidenced by her slamming the door.
		Evidence of Life http://radio.weblogs.com/0106819/ a web log by Mike Reyher Copyright 2002 Mike Reyher Sun, 07 Jul 2002 17:35:50 GMT http://backend.userland.com/rss092 mike@reyher.com mike@reyher.com sesquipedalian: Dictionary.com Word of the Day.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Anecdotal_evidence.html (823 words)

	anecdotal evidence - Definition and Meaning of anecdotal evidence
		External evidence, or that which is not contained in the body of an...
		It is used in contradistinction to mathematical, evidence.
		5: evidence which is a direct reply ta that produced on the o...
	www.wordiq.com /reference/anecdotal+evidence (355 words)

	anecdotal (testimonial) evidence
		Testimonials and vivid anecdotes are one of the most popular and convincing forms of evidence presented for beliefs in the supernatural, paranormal, and pseudoscientific.
		Nevertheless, testimonials and anecdotes in such matters are of little value in establishing the probability of the claims they are put forth to support.
		Sincere and vivid accounts of one’s encounter with an angel or the Virgin Mary, an alien, a ghost, a Bigfoot, a child claiming to have lived before, purple auras around dying patients, a miraculous dowser, a levitating guru, or a psychic surgeon are of little value in establishing the reasonableness of believing in such matters.
	skepdic.com /testimon.html (818 words)

	Anecdotal Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The fallacy of Anecdotal Evidence mimics this legitimate use of illustrative story-telling.
		The fallacy of Anecdotal Evidence errs, however, in using the single case in place of the properly conducted study.
		The implication of an anecdote is that it is just one representative instance, and that many other instances could be cited as well.
	www.cuyamaca.net /bruce.thompson/Fallacies/anecdotal.asp (360 words)

	The Use of Cannabis as a Mood Stabilizer in Bipolar Disorder: Anecdotal Evidence and the Need for Clinical Research
		A related source of evidence is the experimental method known as the "N of 1" clinical trial or single-patient randomized trial.
		The familiar deficiency of anecdotal evidence is the risk of counting successes and ignoring failures.
		The promising anecdotal evidence points to the need for more systematic clinical investigation, just as it did 50 years ago in the case of lithium.
	rxmarihuana.com /mood_stablizer.htm (6151 words)

	Anecdotal Evidence
		I believe the activated charcoal drew the toxin from her bloodstream into her intestines and then was excreted from her body.
		This is not just conjecture as there is additional anecdotal evidence to support my theory.
		Anecdotal Evidence is not responsible for any adverse effects you may experience while trying any of the anecdotes listed on these pages.
	www.anecdotalevidence.com (564 words)

	Anecdotal Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Anecdotal evidence of gas rage over high prices has station...
		But the National Association of Convenience Stores said anecdotal evidence indicates they have increased since prices began climbing in February.
		However, anecdotal evidence would suggest it is on the increase and it is very likely that fraudsters will be keen to target maturing SSIA funds.
	www.wikiverse.org /anecdotal-evidence (339 words)

	Four Types of Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Obviously an anecdote, or another kind of example, cannot prove a general statement, so avoid treating a single case as proving a general point.
		On the other hand, a single anecdote or counterexample is alone sufficient to disprove a general statement.
		An anecdote will not count as weighty evidence, however, either in support of or in opposition to a more limited, narrower claim, which is not intended to apply generally.
	www.msu.edu /~marianaj/Evidence.htm (429 words)

	Anecdotal evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term is usually used in contrast to scientific evidence, especially evidence-based medicine, which are types of...
		For example, a physician will take anecdotal evidence from a patient about a reaction to a new medication and use that information in deciding to adjust the prescribed dosage or to change...
		Anecdotal Evidence A blog about the intersection of books and life.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Anecdotal_evidence (279 words)

	Anecdotal Evidence That Cat's Claw Is Effective: March 1997
		Unfortunately, these reports are anecdotal and there is little scientific evidence to back them up.
		Based on anecdotal evidence, I believe it is time for the scientific community to take a serious look at this herb and start conducting the necessary studies.
		Only then will we have the empirical evidence needed to convince more doctors and alternative practitioners of the efficacy of using cat's claw to treat inflammatory bowel disorders and other debilitating conditions.
	www.vitamintrader.com /articles/1997_03_UnaDG.html (789 words)

	The Hindu : Magazine / Spotlight : Poverty on the wane?
		Anecdotal evidence, the proponents will say, smiling superciliously.
		Or consider: If I had never seen Indians defecating on the rocks at low tide, by the side of the road, in fields — if I never had seen these sights, I would find it hard to believe the dismaying fact that nearly seven of every 10 Indians lack access to sanitation.
		In the same way, meeting poor Indians is the anecdotal evidence that allows us to understand poverty levels, judge for ourselves if they have decreased.
	www.hindu.com /mag/2005/05/01/stories/2005050100030400.htm (707 words)

	Grading the writing program web site: Anecdotal evidence: Introduction
		We've received a small number of such anecdotal assessments since launching the redesigned Rutgers Writing Program web site in fall 2000, and from a variety of populations: students, teachers, university administrators, tutors in our writing centers, and professionals in the field.
		For one thing, anecdotal evidence is, well, anecdotal--it provides assessment from individual visitors without indicating overall success.
		Indeed, one might argue that the lack of anecdotal evidence is equally a sign of a program web site's success: users, after all, rarely write when things work well; they most often write when there are problems.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/english/cconline/barrios2/anecdotal_evidence (317 words)

	EPS / TD / NMS risk of Atypical Antipsychotics - The Good, The Bad and The Funny. From People Who Have Taken These ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The best evidence around, from clinical studies to the stories of people who take these drugs, is that once you stop taking the med, or lower the dosage below the point at which it shows up, the problem goes away.
		Anecdotal evidence is suggesting that Risperdal (risperidone) is the one most likely to cause EPS.
		The best evidence is that permanent Tardive Dyskinesia can be avoided if the offending medication is halted, or even the dosage lowered, once the symptoms (weird facial tics and twitches, and uncontrollable tongue rolling and bending) first appear.
	www.crazymeds.org /atypicalEPS.html (2181 words)

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	www.technorati.com /tag/anecdotal+evidence (331 words)

	Hacknot - Anecdotal Evidence And Other Fairy Tales
		Conclusions drawn from anecdotal evidence are frequently invalid precisely because the evidence has been gathered under circumstances in which no such efforts have been made.
		When events A and B are observed in rapid succession, the post hoc fallacy is the incorrect conclusion that A has caused B. It may be that A and B are correlated, but not necessarily in a causal manner.
		I hope this post will give you pause for thought when you next conduct a technology trial, and when you are next evaluating anecdotal evidence supplied to you by friends and colleagues.
	www.hacknot.info /hacknot/action/showEntry?eid=49 (1734 words)

	Celiac.com Celiac Disease: (Is all this stuff certified to be safe?) Gluten-Free
		Most of what we know about foods that are safe and foods that are not is gathered from anecdotal evidence provided by celiacs themselves.
		However, some celiac societies have put it on the "unsafe" list and there is anecdotal evidence that some individuals react to it as they do to wheat.
		In considering anecdotal evidence for whether a food is safe or not, individuals must make their own choices, but each of us should clearly understand that anecdotal evidence is gathered from individuals with widely varied experience.
	www.celiac.com /st_prod.html?p_prodid=10&p_catid= (506 words)

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