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Angiotensin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Angiotensin is an oligopeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II through removal of two terminal residues by the enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, or kininase), which is found predominantly in the capillaries of the lung. Angiotensin II increases thirst sensation (dipsogen) through the subfornical organ (SFO) of the brain, decreases the response of the baroreceptor reflex, and increases the desire for salt. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angiotensin   (637 words)

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia These substances are AT -receptor antagonists – that is, they block the activation of angiotensin II AT receptors. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are primarily used for the treatment of hypertension where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. Irbesartan and losartan have trial data showing benefit in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes, and may delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist   (333 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Angiotensin I is then converted into angiotensin II primarily by angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE). Angiotensin II also binds to the zona glomerulosa, stimulating secretion of aldosterone. This is important since research has not looked at the reactive rise in angiotensin II and the possibility of a subsequent decrease in the effectiveness of ARBs. www.healthyinfo.com /clinical/angiotensin/angiotensin.shtml   (3424 words)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers - MayoClinic.com Angiotensin II receptor blockers, sometimes called angiotensin II inhibitors, treat a variety of conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart failure and scleroderma. Angiotensin II is a natural substance in your body that affects your cardiovascular system in many ways, such as by narrowing your blood vessels. Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone, which increases your body's retention of sodium and water. www.mayoclinic.com /health/angiotensin-II-receptor-blockers/HI00054   (369 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Angiotensin II binds to AT1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention, both of which lead to an increase in blood pressure. Benz J, Oshrain C et al Valsartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist: A double-blind study comparing the incidence of cough with lisiopril and hydrochlorothiazide. Renal response to the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 antagonist irbesartan versus enalapril in hypertensive patients. www.ti.ubc.ca /pages/letter28.htm   (1890 words)

NHLBI-ISH HBP Symposium - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Angiotensin II elevates blood pressure by a variety of mechanisms, including direct vasoconstriction, potentiation of sympathetic nervous system activity at both central and peripheral levels, stimulation of aldosterone synthesis and release with consequent sodium and fluid retention by the kidney and stimulation of arginine vasopressin release. Angiotensin II also plays a role in the vascular injury response, stimulating leukocyte adhesion to the site of injury and favoring superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and proliferation and migration of various cell types toward the luminal site of injury. Angiotensin II and some of its constituent peptides also stimulate synthesis of the antithrombolytic agent, PAI-1, suggesting that activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predisposes to atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events, including heart attack and stroke. www.nhlbi.nih.gov /meetings/ish/oparil.htm   (649 words)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) may be used instead of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor if you are unable to tolerate certain side effects of an ACE inhibitor. Angiotensin II receptor blockers inhibit a substance that causes blood vessels to narrow (constrict). Angiotensin II receptor blockers can be used to treat heart failure in some people who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or who have kidney disease from diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) and in people with type 2 diabetes. www.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/aa86684.asp   (587 words)

British Journal of Pharmacology - An angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, olmesartan medoxomil, improves ... We studied the effect of a new angiotensin II type 1 (AT) receptor antagonist, olmesartan medoxomil (olmesartan), on the fibrogenic responses in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrogenesis. The action of Ang II is mediated by mainly two subtypes of receptors, angiotensin II type 1 (AT) receptors and type 2 (AT) receptors, which are distributed in many kinds of organs and tissues. To investigate the mechanism of fibrogenic actions of Ang II and its main receptor, AT, we estimated the effects of Ang II and olmesartan on the fibrogenic responses in activated HSCs in primary cultures. origin.www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v139/n6/full/0705339a.html   (6321 words)

Journal Of Independent Medical Research - Putative Antibacterial Mechanisms for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Angiotensin II receptors on the phagocyte membrane are just one of the methods by which the immune system can be activated to deal with an invader. The structure of the subject ARBs, and of Angiotensin II itself, are shown in figure 2 (angiotensin II is an octapeptide with the amino acid sequence: Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, Fasta: DRVYIHPF). They noted that the atypical A-II receptors might be due to host-parasite interactions, as the receptor's affinity for A-II was 7 times higher when the bacterium had infected a cell rather than when the bacterium was in isolated culture.They carefully confirmed that the bacterial A-II receptor was specific for A-II and Angiotensin I (A-I). www.joimr.org /phorum/read.php?f=2&i=53&t=53   (3727 words)

References - Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Angioedema induced by the angiotensin II blocker, losartan. Angiotensin II receptor blockade in normal subjects: A direct comparison of three AT1 receptor antagonists. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. www.healthyinfo.com /clinical/angiotensin/angiotensin.refrences.shtml   (832 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - Drug Comparisons - Compare Drugs - DrugDigest The Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are a newer class of drugs used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). This constriction of blood vessels due to angiotensin II hormone is an important component of hypertension. A comparison of the angiotensin II antagonists valsartan and losartan in the treatment of essential hypertension. www.drugdigest.org /DD/Comparison/NewComparison/0,10621,7-17,00.html   (910 words)

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor overexpression activates the vascular kinin system and causes vasodilation -- Tsutsumi ... Mapping of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in peripheral tissues of spontaneous hypertensive rats by in vitro autoradiography. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor is up-regulated in human heart with interstitial fibrosis and cardiac fibroblasts are the major cell type for its expression. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation is mediated by Ca /calmodulin-dependent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/104/7/925   (6962 words)

Recent Progress in Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Research in the Cardiovascular System -- Horiuchi et al. 33 (2): 613 ... in the biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology of Ang II receptors. Angiotensin II induction of neurite outgrowth by AT2 receptors in NG108-15 cells: effect counteracted by the AT1 receptors. The growth dependent angiotensin II type 2 receptor is regulated by transcription factors interferon regulatory factor-1 and -2. hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/2/613   (6206 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - Page 2 Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications that lower blood pressure and may be used in the treatment of ACE inhibitors directly impact levels of angiotensin II in the body by preventing the conversion of inactive angiotension I to active angiotensin II. A-II receptor blockers inhibit the action of A-II by blocking it from entering angiotensin II receptors in the smooth muscles of the heart and heart.healthcentersonline.com /bloodpressure/a-iireceptorblockers2.cfm   (427 words)

International Union of Pharmacology. XXIII. The Angiotensin II Receptors -- de Gasparo et al. 52 (3): 415 -- ... The angiotensin receptor was identified as a functional entity by Lin and Goodfriend (1970) II (3-8) hexapeptide (Ang IV) and the Ang II (4-8) pentapeptide Ang II binds primarily to the extracellular region of the AT pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/3/415   (8501 words)

Cytokine Actions of Angiotensin II -- Sadoshima 86 (12): 1187 -- Circulation Research The angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor antagonizes the growth effects of the AT receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of human endothelial cells: protective effect of nitric oxide. Angiotensin II stimulates expression of the chemokine RANTES in rat glomerular endothelial cells: role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor. circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/12/1187   (2504 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - Page 1 Angiotensin II is a substance in the body that signals blood vessels to constrict or narrow. ARBs prevent (or block) angiotensin II substance from entering receptors in the smooth muscles of the heart and blood vessels. Currently, A-II receptor blockers are primarily used in patients who cannot tolerate the side effects produced by ACE inhibitors. heart.healthcentersonline.com /bloodpressure/a-iireceptorblockers.cfm   (455 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor (ANG IIR) antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc Although ANG II interacts with two types of cell surface receptors, AT1 and AT2, the major cardiovascular effects appear to be mediated through AT1. Angiotensin II mediates its action by interacting with membrane receptor, Angiotensin II type 1 receptors. The sequence is the same in all AT II receptor isoforms (Type 1a, 1b, and 1c). www.researchd.com /miscabs/angio2r.htm   (788 words)

Amazon.com: Angiotensin II Receptors: Books: Jr., Robert R. Ruffolo   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) The molecular biology of angiotensin II receptors is reviewed, as are the biochemical effects mediated by angiotensin II receptors. This is the first publication to analyze in detail the structure-activity relationships for both peptide and nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor agonists and antagonists. It also presents the pharmacological effects mediated by angiotensin II receptors both in the periphery and in the brain. www.amazon.com /Angiotensin-Receptors-Jr-Robert-Ruffolo/dp/0849383803   (616 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center Angiotensin II receptor blockers are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). These medicines block the action of angiotensin II, an enzyme that is responsible for causing the blood vessels to narrow. Taking alcohol and angiotensin II receptor blockers together can lower your blood pressure too much, making it more likely that you may become dizzy or faint. texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Meds/angimeds.cfm   (770 words)

Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart -- ... Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart -- Hayashi et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart was increased by angiotensin receptor blockade in the OLETF+ARB heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/10/1236   (3501 words)

Angiotensin II Activates Nuclear Transcription Factor {kappa}B Through AT1 and AT2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells : ... Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector peptide of the Angiotensin II induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat vasculature: a potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and atherosclerosis. Angiotensin II induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/12/1266   (3886 words)

Angiotensin-II inhibitors: New perspectives G-protein coupled receptors constitute the largest membrane receptor group, including the receptors for angiotensin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adenosine, dopamine, endothelin, vasopressin, serotonin, and many other hormones and neurotransmitters. Ardaillou R. and Chansel D.: Glomerular effects of angiotensin II: a reappraisal based on studies with non-peptide receptor antagonists. Timmermans P.B., Smith R.D.: A new class of therapeutic agents: the angiotensin II receptor antagonists. www.gfmer.ch /TMCAM/Hypertension/Angiotensin-II_inhibitors.htm   (1290 words)

Effects of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonists in Rats with Heart ... Horiuchi, R.E. Pratt, and V.J. au (1995) The angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor antagonizes the growth effects of the AT receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Inada (1995) Regulation of gene transcription of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in myocardial infarction. Izumo (1993) Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro. www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/99/8/1926   (6594 words)

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Angiotensin II-Mediated Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases -- Kim and Iwao 52 (1): ... II causes hypertrophy of neonatal cardiac myocytes (Baker and Ang II induces cellular hypertrophy, gene reprogramming or necrosis in cardiac myocytes, and cellular proliferation and up-regulation of fibrosis-associated genes in cardiac fibroblasts, which are all mediated via AT receptor. Ang II infusion in vivo in rats was shown to cause glomerulosclerosis (Miller et al., 1991 pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/1/11   (7726 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Evidence is accumulating that telmisartan, in addition to blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma a well-known target for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes... Angiotensin II increases the production of reactive oxygen species and has several vasoconstrictive effects, including opposition of the vasorelaxant actions of nitric oxide and stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1... Angiotensin II, furthermore, increases arterial stiffness by a variety of mechanisms... qualitycounts.com /drugs/hypertension/fparb.html   (7496 words)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) - drug class, medical uses, medication side effects, and drug interactions by ... Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) - drug class, medical uses, medication side effects, and drug interactions by MedicineNet.com Angiotensin II is a very potent chemical that causes the muscles surrounding the blood vessels to contract, which thereby narrows the blood vessels. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications that block the action of angiotensin II. www.medicinenet.com /angiotensin_ii_receptor_blockers/article.htm   (639 words)

Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists: Their Place in Therapy American Family Physician - Find Articles These drugs are selective for angiotensin II (type 1 receptor); unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, they do not inhibit bradykinin metabolism or enhance prostaglandin synthesis. Renin, an enzyme produced primarily by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen into an inactive substance, angiotensin I (A-I). The effect of A-II is likely to be more completely blocked by the AT1 receptor antagonism of angiotensin-II receptor blockers than by ACE inhibitors. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_11_59/ai_55391760   (532 words)

AGTR1 - angiotensin II receptor, type 1 Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. This gene encodes the type 1 receptor which is thought to mediate the major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. Relationship between polymorphism in the angiotensinogen,angiotensin-converting enzyme or angiotensin II receptor and renalprogression in Japanese NIDDM patients. www.ucsf.edu /urogene/kgdb/gene/9.html   (232 words)

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