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Topic: Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

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Angiotensin receptor

Irbesartan

Adrenergic receptor

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Loop diuretic

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	Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
		Angiotensin II binds to AT1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention, both of which lead to an increase in blood pressure.
		antagonists, irbesartan and losartan, in mild to moderate hypertension.
		Renal response to the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 antagonist irbesartan versus enalapril in hypertensive patients.
	www.ti.ubc.ca /pages/letter28.htm (1890 words)

	Angiotensin II receptor antagonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or AT -receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals which modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
		These drugs are AT -receptor antagonists - that is, they block the activation of angiotensin II AT receptors.
		Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are primarily used for the treatment of hypertension where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist (139 words)

	Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Antagonists. Clinical Implications of Active Metabolites
		in the trans-membrane helix 5 of the AT receptor.
		In summary, AT receptor antagonists are designed compounds that elicit greater potencies and clinical potencies as initially suggested, and this may occur independent of their actions at the AT1 receptor.
		Disposition of irbesartan, an angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist, in mice, rats, rabbits, and macaques.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jmcmar/2003/46/i12/abs/jm0204237.html (6210 words)

	Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists are similar to ACE Inhibitors.
		AT-2 Antagonists work by blocking the angiotensin II from entering the smooth muscles of the heart and blood vessels.
		This blocks the constriction effect that angiotensin II exhibits.
	www.cob.montevallo.edu /workmanbn/at2.html (194 words)

	Australian Prescriber - Angiotensin receptor antagonists for the treatment of hypertension
		Angiotensin II acts on specific cell membrane receptors to produce its physiological effects.
		Angiotensin II is important in blood pressure control and sodium and water homeostasis, as well as cardiovascular function and structure.
		receptor antagonists also vary in their metabolism, some being excreted exclusively by the kidney, whereas others are excreted both by hepatic metabolism and renal excretion.
	www.australianprescriber.com /magazine/21/4/95/7 (1644 words)

	Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers -- Burnier 103 (6): 904 -- Circulation
		II Antagonist Losartan (OPTIMAAL) and the Valsartan in Acute
		Inhibition of pressor response to exogenous angiotensin I and II.
		Effects of the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan on blood pressure, proteinuria, and renal hemodynamics in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/103/6/904 (5609 words)

	Teveten - Backgrounder Teveten
		Angiotensin II, or A-II as it often is called, is a naturally occurring substance that caused the muscles surrounding blood vessels to tighten.
		Angiotensin II antagonists widen blood vessels by blocking the substance (angiotensin II) that narrows blood vessels.
		While both ACE inhibitors and A-II receptor antagonists act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, A-II receptor antagonists specifically target AT1, the A-II receptor subtype that is most directly involved in the genesis of high blood pressure.
	teveten.com.ph /about_teveten.shtml (921 words)

	Effects of AT1-receptor blockade on progression of left ventricular dysfunction in dogs with heart failure -- Tanimura ...
		II receptors in the failing heart (1, 15, 19, 39).
		II receptors that are dependent on the etiology of HF.
		Angiotensin II receptor antagonist TCV-116 induces regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in vivo and inhibits the intracellular signaling pathway of stretch-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/4/H1385 (4683 words)

	UpToDate Angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension
		Thus, these drugs, angiotensin II receptor antagonists or blockers (ARBs), represent the third class that antagonizes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: ß-blockers reduce the release of renin by inhibiting ß-1 receptor stimulation; and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of inactive angiotensin I to the active hormone angiotensin II.
		Blockade of the action of angiotensin II leads to elevations in plasma levels of renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II [3].
		In the heart, kidney, and perhaps the blood vessels, the production of angiotensin II may be catalyzed by enzymes other than angiotensin converting enzyme, such as chymase [4].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=hyperten/19676 (853 words)

	The Angiotensin II Type 2 (AT2) Receptor Promotes Axonal Regeneration in the Optic Nerve of Adult Rats -- Lucius et ...
		The angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor antagonizes the growth effects of the AT receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer.
		Angiotensin II and NGF differentially influence microtubule proteins in PC12W cells: role of the AT receptor.
		Angiotensin II induction of neurite outgrowth by AT receptors in NG108-15 cells.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/188/4/661 (5752 words)

	Chronotropic Effect of Angiotensin II via Type 2 Receptors in Rat Brain Neurons -- Zhu et al. 85 (5): 2177 -- Journal ...
		Buisson B, Laflamme L, Bottari SP, de Gasparo M, Gallo-Payet N, and Payet MD. A G protein is involved in the angiotensin AT receptor inhibition of the T-type calcium current in non-differentiated NG108-15 cells.
		Angiotensin II responsiveness of rat paraventricular and subfornical organ neurons in vitro.
		Zhu M, Natarajan R, Nadler JL, Moore JM, Gelband CH, and Sumners C. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated increases in neuronal Kv current are mediated by 12-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/85/5/2177 (4370 words)

	References
		Pharmacological characterization of SR 47436, a new nonpeptide AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
		Effects of the angiotensin II antagonist SR 47436 (BMS 186295) on the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin system in sodium replete normal subjects [abstract].
		Natriuretic and hormonal effects of SR 47436 (BMS 186295), a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist in normotensive volunteers [abstract].
	www.medscape.com /content/1998/00/40/60/406064/406064_ref.html (476 words)

	Angiotensin II receptor (type 1 and 2) expression peaks when placental growth is maximal in sheep -- Koukoulas et al. ...
		Angiotensin II receptor (type 1 and 2) expression peaks when placental growth is maximal in sheep -- Koukoulas et al.
		Angiotensin II receptor (type 1 and 2) expression peaks when placental growth is maximal in sheep
		Angiotensin II infusion to the midgestation ovine fetus: effects on the fetal kidney.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/4/R972 (6662 words)

	Haemodynamic, renal sodium handling, and neurohormonal effects of acute administration of low dose losartan, an ...
		Angiotensin II is a key regulator of sodium and fluid homoeostasis.
		Pharmacology of angiotensin II receptors in the kidney.
		The role of endogenous angiotensin II in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and proximal fluid reabsorption in the rat.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/46/1/114 (4715 words)

	Effect of Losartan, a Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, on Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness to Methacholine in ...
		Effect of angiotensin II on histamine- induced bronchoconstriction in the human airway both in vitro and in vivo.
		Angiotensin II increases norepinephrine release from atria by acting on angiotensin subtype 1 receptors.
		Angiotensin II receptor subtypes in renal cortex of rats and rhesus monkeys.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/162/1/40 (2538 words)

	Composition of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers - Patent 5492904
		This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist from a selected class in combination with a calcium channel blocker from a selected class useful for the treatment of hypertension and for the treatment of congestive heart failure.
		The selected class of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists and the selected class of calcium channel blockers essential as component parts of the novel compositions of this invention are compounds already known in the art as antihypertensive agents.
		Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists useful in compositions of the invention are included in those compounds disclosed in published European Published application 0 324 377 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5492904.html (1528 words)

	Inhibitory effect of losartan, an AT1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on increased leucocyte entrapment in retinal ...
		Inhibitory effect of losartan, an AT1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on increased leucocyte entrapment in retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats -- Mori et al.
		Inhibitory effect of losartan, an AT1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on increased leucocyte entrapment in retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats
		Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenic activity in retinal microcapillary endothelial cells.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/86/10/1172 (1571 words)

	American Family Physician: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Hypertension (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Until further clinical trials are completed, only conjecture about the effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists can be made on the basis of their mode of action in comparison to that of ACE inhibitors.
		Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety against amlodipine.
		Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: efficacy, tolerability and safety compared to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_4_60/ai_57007000/pg_2 (1004 words)

	Medicaid Vendor Drug, Candasartan (Atacand®), Eprosartan(Teveten®),Irbesartan (Avapro®) Losartan (Cozaar®), (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combined administration of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and lithium may result in increased pharmacologic and toxic effects of lithium.
		It is proposed that angiotensin II receptor antagonists augment lithium reabsorption by decreasing lithium renal excretion.
		Patients receiving adjuvant therapy with angiotensin II receptor antagonists and lithium should be monitored for signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity.
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/angiot.html (581 words)

	angiotensin receptor antagonists - General Practice Notebook
		The AT-1 receptor mediates the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone stimulating effects of angiotensin II.
		The action of angiotensin II at the AT-2 receptor tends to antagonize the pressor effects of the AT-1 receptor.
		The combination of an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist is unlikely to have an additive effect.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /simplepage.cfm?ID=1349189674 (404 words)

	Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
		Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) are licensed for the management of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy and have similar properties as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
		Angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I by renin, which is released from the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus in response to reduced blood pressure or reduced plasma sodium concentration.
		Angiotensin receptor blockers do not inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin but are less likely to be associated with the same side effects such as cough and angioedema that are associated with ACE inhibitors.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40024527 (1613 words)

	Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Plus Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist ...
		Comparison of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in patients with essential hypertension.
		Effects of losartan, fosinopril on myocardial fibrosis, angiotensin II and cardiac remolding in hypertensive rats [in Chinese].
		Comparison of the effects of angiotensin receptor antagonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and their combination on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of diabetes type 2 patients on recent onset hemodialysis therapy.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/118/3/e833 (2606 words)

	Candesartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Suppresses Pancreatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats -- Yamada ...
		proteolytic cleavage of its precursor angiotensin I by the angiotensin-converting
		We speculate that blockade of AT1 receptor by an AT1 receptor
		Schaefer KL and Porter JA (1996) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: the prototype losartan.
	www.jpet.org /cgi/content/full/307/1/17 (4351 words)

	American Family Physician: Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists: Their Place in Therapy
		Since the first angiotensin-II receptor antagonists were introduced a few years ago, numerous clinical trials have been conducted on their use in patients with hypertension and their potential use in patients with congestive heart failure.
		The angiotensin-II receptor antagonists that have been labeled for use in hypertension by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), irbesartan (Avapro), candesartan (Atacand) and telmisartan (Micardis).
		The pharmacokinetic properties of the currently approved angiotensin-II receptor antagonists are summarized in Table 1,5-9,12 and dosage information is provided in Table 2.5-9 The antihypertensive effects of these drugs should become apparent within two to four weeks after the initiation of therapy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_11_59/ai_55391760 (965 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Reversible renal impairment induced by treatment with the angiotensin II receptor ...
		We describe a case where use of the angiotensin II antagonist candesartan (Atacand) induced renal failure in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
		Over the last years a few cases have shown that renal function may be impaired if the angiotensin II antagonist losartan is used in patients with renal artery stenosis [1,2,3,4] but two of these cases were in the special situation of kidney transplants [3,4].
		Subsequent to the introduction of losartan, several other angiotensin II blockers have been marketed over the last couple of years and differences in receptor affinity and kinetics are reported.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2369/2/1 (1390 words)

	Cardiovascular Diabetology \| Full text \| Angiotensin II receptor blockers decreased blood glucose levels: a ...
		The agents most often used for hypertension today include angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are both considered to improve glucose metabolism [1,2].
		Regarding the mechanism, the general understanding is that after insulin binds to the insulin receptor, tyrosine phosphorylation inside the cell causes activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) [12].
		ARB and ACE inhibitors block the inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on insulin signal transmission [3,4].
	www.cardiab.com /content/6/1/26 (2722 words)

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