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Topic: Anglo Irish Agreement

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	Anglo-Irish Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fianna Fáil leader, Charles Haughey, claimed the agreement was in conflict with Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland because it officially recognized British jurisdiction in Northern Ireland.
		Future President of Ireland Mary Robinson resigned from the Irish Labour Party because she objected to the exclusion of unionists from the talks that led to the agreement.
		UUP politicians Christopher and Michael McGimpsey even brought a suit against the Irish government in the High Court of the Republic of Ireland arguing that the Agreement was invalid because it contradicted Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement (1022 words)

	Anglo-Irish Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The treaty was signed in London by representatives of the British government and envoys plenipotentiary of the Irish Republic (i.e., negotiators empowered to sign a treaty without reference back to their superiors) on December 6, 1921.
		The contents of the Treaty divided the Irish Republic's leadership, with the President of the Republic, Eamon de Valera, leading the anti-Treaty minority.
		In December 1922 a new Irish constitution was enacted by the Third Dáil, sitting as a Constituent Assembly.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Anglo-Irish_Treaty (1312 words)

	Brian Lenihan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His comments, at a time of major problems with Northern Ireland, with the Provisional IRA and Irish National Liberation Army terrorist campaigns, were widely criticised in the Irish medias as insensitive, especially as Irish unity had not even been on the agenda of the summit.
		In January 1990 Government Press Officer let it be known to the Irish media that Brian Lenihan was considering seeking the Fianna Fáil nomination to become the party candidate for the Irish presidential election, which was due in November that year.
		In September 1990 The Irish Times carried a series of articles on the presidency, one of whom mentioned in passing the role of Lenihan, Sylvester Barret and Charles Haughey in making the controversial phonecalls to Áras an Uachtaráin, the Irish presidential residence, to pressurise the President.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Brian_Lenihan (2772 words)

	Belfast Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was a major step in the Northern Ireland peace process.
		It was signed in Belfast on April 10 1998 (Good Friday) by the British and Irish governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties.
		It was endorsed by the voters of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in separate referenda on May 23 1998.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Good_Friday_Agreement (498 words)

	Anglo-Irish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Anglo-Irish was applied to Irish aristocrats of British or partially British descent, or indeed to all members of the Peerage of Ireland since the flight of the Earls.
		They were usually of Irish ancestry and considered themselves Irish, but adopted the English ways and manners of speaking, though not always English politics.
		People who the term would have referred to in the past have been partly assimilated into Irish society, and would now be described as "southern Irish Protestants", or "Protestants of the Republic of Ireland".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anglo-Irish (618 words)

	Royal Ulster Constabulary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To Irish nationalists, the RUC was seen as the law and order arm of a Northern Irish state to which they refused to give their allegiance.
		The Belfast Agreement produced a wholescale reorganisation of inter-community, governmental and policing systems, including a power-sharing executive with David Trimble and the nationalist SDLP's Seamus Mallon (later replaced by new party leader Mark Durkan) as co-chairmen.
		The chief officer of the Royal Irish Constabulary was its Inspector-General (the last of whom, Sir served from 11 March 1920 until partition in 1922).
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary (2302 words)

	McGimpsey v. Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The plaintiffs' claim for a declaration that the provisions of the Anglo-Irish Agreement are contrary to the provisions of the Constitution was directed in particular to Articles 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the Agreement, and the inconsistency alleged was with Articles 2, 3, 29 and 40 of the Constitution.
		The Anglo-Irish Agreement is an agreement reached between two governments, both of whom have an acknowledged concern in relation to the affairs of Northern Ireland.
		A provision for the capacity of the Irish Government in regard to possible devolution in Northern Ireland to put forward views and proposals as to the modalities of bringing that about could not be the holding of any person equal or unequal before the "law".
	www.ucc.ie /law/irlii/cases/314-88.htm (3845 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 5 Apr 1990
		The revised agreement did not give the Republic the right to advance views and proposals about how one part of the kingdom was governed--or, as article 4 says, the right to put forward proposals on behalf of nationalists as to what form of devolution there should be.
		agreement was intended to address how the legitimate interests of the Irish Government in matters within Northern Ireland, particularly regarding the minority community, could be acknowledged without diluting United Kingdom sovereignty or the status of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.
		The agreement has been, and continues to be, widely welcomed internationally, where it has been recognised as making a very positive contribution to addressing the fundamental problems of Northern Ireland.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-04-05/Debate-2.html (5835 words)

	ANGLO-IRISH AGREEMENT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Anglo-Irish Agreement was an agreement between the United_Kingdom and the Republic_of_Ireland which aimed to bring an end to the_Troubles in Northern_Ireland.
		The agreement was signed on 15_November 1985 at Hillsborough Castle, by the British Prime Minister, Margaret_Thatcher, and the Irish Taoiseach, Garret_FitzGerald.
		Future President_of_Ireland Mary_Robinson resigned from the Irish_Labour_Party because she objected to the exclusion of unionists from the talks that led to the agreement.
	www.brolgas.com /Anglo-Irish_Agreement (1008 words)

	Anglo-Irish Agreement
		Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland.
		Such a programme shall be developed, for the Conference's consideration, and may include the establishment of local consultative machinery, training in community relations, crime prevention schemes involving the community, improvements in arrangements for handling complaints, and action to increase the proportion of members of the minority in the Royal Ulster Constabulary.
		This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which the two Governments exchange notifications of their acceptance of this Agreement.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~mcgrath/documents/a-iagrmt.htm (1531 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 25 May 1989
		If in future it were to appear that the objectives of the agreement could be more effectively served by changes in the scope and nature of the working of the conference, consistent with the basic provisions and spirit of the agreement, the two Governments would be ready in principle to consider such changes.
		What the report and the record of developments since the agreement was signed show is that neither the agreement nor the operation of the conference is a threat to either tradition in Northern Ireland.
		Irish issues--Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland relationships--long-standing and difficult as they are, do not lend themselves to immediate or overnight reconciliation or resolution.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm198889/cmhansrd/1989-05-25/Debate-2.html (6856 words)

	Ian Paisley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1964 his demand that the RUC remove an Irish Tricolour from Sinn Féin's Belfast offices led to two days of rioting, after this was followed through.
		He easily retained his seat in every European election until he stood down in 2004, receiving the highest popular vote of any Irish or British MEP (although as Britain uses a different electoral system it is hard to compete with this total) and one of the highest anywhere in Europe.
		The AIA provided for an Irish input into the governing of Northern Ireland, through an based at Maryfield, outside Belfast and meetings of the co-chaired by the Republic's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Britain's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ian_Paisley (3062 words)

	The Nationalism Project: Competing National Ideologies Chapter VIII
		The legitimation of the Irish national angle, in terms of the 1985 endorsement by 473 to 47 votes in the House of Commons of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, through the acceptance of the central role of Dublin in any future negotiation was to grant significant approval to this new strategy (Roberts 1986: 12).
		The Hillsborough Agreement of 15 November 1985 was the 6th Summit in the Anglo-Irish process that began in May 1980, and much of the problems in its implementation was seen to be in the policy makers definitions of the protagonists (Arthur 1988: 66).
		The Good Friday Agreement of April 10 1998 was significant for the eventualisation of the Republican movement’s political goal of national reunification with the Republic of Ireland and the withdrawal of the British state military and political presence from the province.
	www.nationalismproject.org /articles/Pero/ch8.html (8256 words)

	IrishPeace.com - Glossary
		Articles Two and Three of the Irish Constitution These two provisions of the Irish constitution, dating from 1937, described the national territory as constituting the island of Ireland, and were cited by Unioinists as the major hurdle to their cooperation with the Dublin government in any talks concerning the future of the North.
		Disbanded and reformed as the Ulster Defense Regiment (UDR) in 1970.
		Irish Republican Army (IRA) Title given to original Irish Nationalist militant group which fought the British after the establishment of the first Dail (Irish parliament) in 1919.
	home.att.net /~IrishPeace.com/Glossary.html (1436 words)

	Ethnopolitical Map of Europe
		The Anglo-Irish Agreement (AIA) signed on 15 November 1985 by the British and Irish Prime Ministers, Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald, was a compromise between both governments.
		Article 1 of the AIA declared that the constitutional status of Northern Ireland was based upon the consent of the people in Northern Ireland and that this would remain unchanged until a majority of the people consented to such a change (the consent principle).
		Nationalists and the Irish Government were reassured that the NSMC would have a credible function by the fact that the Assembly would have to accept that there would be cross-border implementation.
	www.ecmi.de /emap/noirl_backB.html (1667 words)

	BBC NI - Schools - GCSE Bitesize Revision - History - British Army August 1969 - Anglo-Irish Agreement
		In November 1985 an agreement was signed by Margaret Thatcher the British Prime Minister and the Irish Prime Minister Garret FitzGerald which has become known as the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
		The Anglo Irish Agreement signed in November 1985 was heavily criticized by many unionists.
		The Agreement was approved by the Dail by 88 votes to 75 but it was opposed by the Fianna Fail party and by leading political figures such as Mary Robinson, later president of Ireland.
	www.bbc.co.uk /northernireland/schools/gcsebitesize/history/ni1965_85/7agreement_test.shtml (668 words)

	Hillsborough, County Down - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hillsborough (Cromghlinn in Irish) is a small, pretty and historical Georgian village situated only 19 km (12 miles) from the capital city of Belfast.
		Hillsborough Castle is the official residence of the Queen (and other royal family members) when visiting the province and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
		Hillsborough Castle was the venue for the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985.
	sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Hillsborough,_County_Down (363 words)

	The Irish Question
		Both the The Sunningdale Agreement and The Anglo-Irish Agreement were looked upon by the Nationalist community with anger and resentment, particularly The Anglo-Irish Agreement described by James Molyneaux, the previous leader of the OUP as 'unworkable' and by Gerry Adams as a 'fudge'.
		If the Good Friday Agreement is to be successful it must take into account the feelings of both sides and come to an agreeable compromise which would cause as few problems as possible to either side.
		The Good Friday Agreement must find a conclusion by which the past problems are accepted but the realisation must occur that for peace to last in Ireland they must be forgotten.
	www.coursework.info /i/25902.html (911 words)

	The Framework Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In their search for political agreement, based on consent, the two Governments are determined to address in a fresh way all of the relationships involved.
		Both Governments accept that agreement on an overall settlement requires, inter alia, a balanced accommodation of the differing views of the two main traditions on the constitutional issues in relation to the special position of Northern Ireland.
		It would also be open to the North/South body to recommend to the respective administrations and legislatures for their consideration that new functions should be designated to be discharged or overseen by that body; and to recommend that matters already designated should be moved on the scale between consultation, harmonisation and executive action.
	slarti.ucd.ie /political/frame_work.html (4196 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 15 \| 1985: Anglo-Irish agreement signed
		The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed by Margaret Thatcher and Irish Prime Minister Garret FitzGerald at Hillsborough Castle in County Down, Northern Ireland.
		Irish MPs also have to approve the agreement which will be reviewed after three years.
		The Anglo-Irish agreement followed a failed attempt in 1973 to set up a power-sharing executive of nationalist and unionist politicians and an all-Ireland Council.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/15/newsid_2539000/2539849.stm (444 words)

	McGimpsey v. Ireland [1990] IESC 3 (1st March, 1990)
		In his judgment the learned trial judge stated:- "Both plaintiffs were born in Ireland and are therefore, in contemplation of Irish law, citizens of Ireland." 9.
		The Irish Government support that policy.(c) Both Governments recognise that devolution can be achieved only with the co-operation of constitutional representatives within Northern Ireland of both traditions there.
		That the Agreement recognising the legitimacy of the present constitutional arrangements in respect of Northern Ireland, violates Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution;2.
	www.uc3m.es /uc3m/inst/MGP/NCR/ireland215.htm (3260 words)

	Minister sets out Government's approach to Strand 3 of the negotiations - 07 November 1997 - Department of Foreign ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, without in any way detracting from the achievements of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, the Minister said that "the Governments would be prepared to consider a new and more broadly based agreement".
		These qualities must be retained in any new agreement, acceptable to both traditions, recognising, of course, the strong opposition of Unionists to the existing agreement," the Minister said.
		Minister O'Donnell commented that a new Agreement "will have to take account of the vastly more complex arena of activity which is envisaged as part of the settlement by the current talks process".
	foreignaffairs.gov.ie /information/display.asp?ID=381 (264 words)

	Unionist Politics and the Politics of Unionism since the Anglo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The author believes that unionism is not a monolith and that the `unionist unity' that came out to oppose the Pact was an illusion.
		Molyneaux, the UUP leader, saw the existance of a united front against the Pact as an end in itself - as a means of preserving unity and maintaining morale - rather than forcing the British government to abandon the policy.
		Molyneaux admits, 'that he never regarded the campaign as a means of bringing down the Agreement, but saw it simply as an exercise in letting off steam, which had it not been released, may have been used for more destructive purposes.
	www.ulsternation.org.uk /unionist_politics.htm (840 words)

	CNN In-Depth Specials - Northern Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After unionist MPs resign their seats in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement, 15 by-elections are held in Northern Ireland.
		The unionists manage to increase their vote on the 1983 general election, with voting for Sinn Fein down by 5 percent on the 1985 local government election.
		A widespread general strike (or "Day of Action") in Northern Ireland in support of unionist demands for the ending of the Anglo-Irish Agreement causes huge disruption across Northern Ireland.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2000/n.ireland/popups/dates/1986.html (90 words)

	BBC - History - War and Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agreement was an international treaty lodged at the United Nations and supported by the House of Commons and Dáil Éireann.
		The Agreement was immediately welcomed by the nationalist SDLP but denounced in the Republic by the leader of the opposition Charles Haughey who accused the Irish government of betraying the Constitution by "copper-fastening" partition and accepting "the British presence in Ireland as valid and legitimate".
		Margaret Thatcher maintained that the Irish role was merely consultative and the constitutional position of Northern Ireland remained unaltered by the Agreement.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/troubles/agreement/anglo.shtml (476 words)

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