Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

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Topic: Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

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	Anglo-Iranian Oil Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In March 1951, the Iranian parliament (the Majlis) voted to nationalise the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and its holdings by passing a bill strongly backed by the elderly statesman Mohammed Mossadegh, a man who was elected Prime Minister the following April by a large majority of the parliament.
		The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) was founded in 1909, as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Iran.
		The D'Arcy Oil Concession was granted to the British during the reign of Mozzafar-al-Din Shah Qajar, a Turkmen descent who was deeply hated by the Iranians, effectively gave away control of Iranian oil reserves to Britain for 60 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anglo-Iranian_Oil_Company (640 words)

	Operation Ajax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rationale for the intervention included Mossadegh's socialist rhetoric and his nationalization, without compensation, of the oil industry which was previously operated by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (which later changed its name to The British Petroleum Company) under contracts disputed by the nationalists as unfair.
		A particular point of contention was the refusal of the Anglo-Iranian Oil company to allow an audit of the accounts to determine whether the Iranian government received the royalties it was due.
		In addition, the appropriation of the companies resulted in Western allegations that Mossadegh was a Communist and suspicions that Iran was in danger of falling under the influences of the neighboring Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Ajax (780 words)

	Untitled Document
		The British in general and AIOC in particular were not too happy in renouncing a part of their holding of Iranian oil to their American competitors, but they had to act soon if they did not want the initiative to be taken away from them.
		First was the political circumstances under which the Angle-Iranian Oil Agreement of 1933 and the Supplemental Agreement of 1949 had been reached.
		Since AIOC had been a target of considerable Iranian criticism for its performance in the fields of labor and community relations and was also an exposed symbol of British domination in Iran, these arrangements served the purpose of shielding the Consortium from direct nationalist charges.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~majid/draft_papers/worldc.html (4388 words)

	Mohammed Mossadegh hero file
		The consortium is made up of the AIOC (with a 40% holding), Royal Dutch Shell (14% holding), Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Standard Oil of California, Socony Vacuum, the Texas Company, Gulf Oil Corporation, and the Compagnie Francaise des Petroles.
		Under an agreement reached between the government and a consortium of eight foreign oil companies, industry control of the oil companies is restored, but the government's share of income is greatly increased to approximately one-half of the net profits.
		Iran's economy becomes more and more centred on the production of crude oil from the country's vast reserves, which by the end of the century are estimated at between 89.7 and 99.1 billion barrels, ranking them as the fourth or fifth largest in the world.
	www.moreorless.au.com /heroes/mossadegh.html (4559 words)

	MSN Encarta - Iraq
		In 1909 the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) was formed to develop this new industry.
		In 945 the Buwayhids, an Iranian Shia dynasty, conquered Baghdād.
		Ottoman Turkish and Iranian rulers vied for supremacy in Iraq until the Ottoman Empire finally secured control in the 17th century.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567303_11/Iraq.html (1347 words)

	SalamIran, IranInfo, Oil & Gas
		The history of commercial development of oil begins in 1901, when W. Knox D'Arcy was granted a 60-year concession over the entire Iranian oil reserves.
		The crude oil used as feedstock for refineries increased from 743,000 b/d in 1989 to 1.3 million b/d in 1993, with an annual growth rate of 15 per cent.
		All the contracts concluded by the pre-revolution regime annulled by the Oil Ministry in 1981, under the provisions of the 1951 Oil Nationalisation Act.
	www.salamiran.org /IranInfo/State/Government/Energy (397 words)

	Hartford Advocate: Our Man in Tehran
		Mossadegh, the elected prime minister, nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and was engulfed in a bitter squabble with the British.
		The aging Iranian leader had long opposed the British concession agreement that created the oil company in the early 1900s, and did his best to make sure Iran regained control over its national resources.
		Oil and the collapsing British Empire are central in Kinzer's account of the rise of Mossadesh.
	hartfordadvocate.com /gbase/Guides/content.html?oid=oid:36258 (836 words)

	Mohammad Mossadeq, the Nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Attempted Overthrow of the Shah
		Mohammad Mossadeq, the Nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Attempted Overthrow of the Shah
		The profits of the company were taxed by the British Government and it was an annoying, exasperating reality that the tax collected by the British Government on the Iranian oil was greater than the royalties the Iranian Government received from the company.
		The British oil companies retaliated against the nationalization of the petroleum their assets by withdrawing their technical personnel.
	www.applet-magic.com /mossadeq.htm (950 words)

	Iran - MOSSADEQ AND OIL NATIONALIZATION
		Politically conscious Iranians were aware, however, that the British government derived more revenue from taxing the concessionaire, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC--formerly the Anglo-Persian Oil Company), than the Iranian government derived from royalties.
		Subsequent negotiations with the AIOC were unsuccessful, partly because General Ali Razmara, who became prime minister in June 1950, failed to persuade the oil company of the strength of nationalist feeling in the country and in the Majlis.
		The oil issue figured prominently in elections for the Majlis in 1949, and nationalists in the new Majlis were determined to renegotiate the AIOC agreement.
	countrystudies.us /iran/17.htm (931 words)

	Iranica.com - FAÚTEH®
		Finally, in 1921 he was employed by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (q.v.) and was appointed deputy-director to its first representative in Tehran.
		The Anglo-Russian cooperation during World War II and the role played by Fa@tehá on behalf of the British led to the construction of a major conspiracy theory about British-led communists in the Tudeh party known as "Tu@da-Naft^," i.e., those party leaders who had a connection with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.
		His department was in charge of the liaison between the Company and the Persian government, and he made the acquaintance of most of the public figures and statetsmen of his time.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f4/v9f426.html (995 words)

	Iran in the 20th Century
		Beginning on April 14 the Iranian government and representatives of an eight-company petroleum consortium, including the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and three U.S. firms, held discussions on terms for the reactivation of the nationalized oil industry.
		Iranian officials claimed that they were not permitted to enter the Soviet-occupied provinces of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan to quell anti-Iranian disturbances provoked by pro-Soviet forces.
		The Iranian electorate went to the polls in March 1954 to elect a new lower house of parliament.
	emayzine.com /lectures/Iran20Century.html (3367 words)

	Dr. Mossadegh, the Shah and the National Iranian Oil Company
		The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company was dissolved and the 1933 oil agreement between the Government of Iran (Reza Shah) and the British was cancelled.
		The British ownership and influence on the Iran's oil industry was terminated and the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), the first national oil company in the Middle East, was established on March 19th, 1951 (29th day of Esfand 1329, Persian calendar).
		While Dr. Mossadegh was out of political atmosphere, the British could lobby the passage of the 1933 oil agreement signed by Reza Shah, to plunder the Iranian oil for another 60 years.
	www.angelfire.com /home/iran/mossadegh.html (512 words)

	Stevens Point Journal - U.S. aborted Iranian quest for freedom
		In the anti-colonial spirit of his time, Mossadegh believed that the oil under Iranian soil belonged to the people of Iran, replacing the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. with a National Iranian Oil Co., an action approved by the International Court of Justice.
		Iranians, however, vividly remembering how the United States had used its Embassy in 1953 to empower the Shah, feared that the United States would again use its Embassy to restore the Shah to power in 1979.
		On May 6, 1951, however, a new Iranian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, was elected.
	www.wisinfo.com /journal/spjopinion/280915411055246.shtml (825 words)

	Iran Pahlavi Era - oil
		When during negotiations with the company failed, Iran nationalized the oil industry and subsequently the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), the first national oil company in the Middle East, was established in 1951 during the tenure of Prime Minister Mossadegh.
		The National Iranian Oil Company, besides operating the Naft-e Shah field, conducted its own exploration activities and has been successful in discovering oil and gas in several parts of the country.
		Aside from overseas refining and marketing activities, NIOC also concluded an agreement with the British Petroleum Company to explore in two blocks of the North Sea, where the existence of oil and gas reserves had been proven.
	www.sedona.net /pahlavi/oil-1.html (1103 words)

	Book16Ch.10.html
		The CIA document said that the CIA delegation did not trust the British, claiming that they lied about the importance of Iranian oil.
		Since the discovery of oil in the Middle East in the early twentieth century, the British monopolized Iran's oil economy.
		With the nationalization of oil as well as having 1,000 miles of a disputed border with the Soviet Union, the CIA was more than eager to help.
	www.angelfire.com /ca3/jphuck/Book16Ch.10.html (2764 words)

	August 6
		The oil agreement, which will be converted into a full legal contract, was signed by Dr. Ali Amini, Finance Minister and chief Iranian negotiator, and Howard N. Page, vice president of the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) and chairman of the consortium delegation.
		The United States companies in the consortium are the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Standard Oil of California, Socony Vacuum, the Texas Company and the Gulf Oil Corporation.
		Page will report to his own company and to the four other American members of the consortium before returning to London for final negotiations on the inter-group agreement that will formally establish the consortium.
	www.irvl.net /august_6.htm (1149 words)

	Oil: crusade against Muslim nations -DAWN - Business; November 18, 2002
		In the year 1928, oil was discovered in Kuwait by the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), a London-based joint venture of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, (now the British Petroleum) and the Gulf Oil (now the Chevron Corporation) under a concession granted by the Amir of Kuwait Shaikh Ahmed Al-Jabar Al-Sabah.
		The first mineral oil well in the world was found when the Americans were looking for Salt in Ohio in 1841, thirty-eight years after it became the 17th state of the US in 1803.
		The high cost of oil led to the Gulf War in 1990, which was said to have been a manipulated affair to control the liquid gold.
	www.dawn.com /2002/11/18/ebr13.htm (837 words)

	All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup And The Roots of Middle East Terror
		So the Iranian oil is actually what maintained Britain at its level of prosperity and its level of military preparedness all throughout the '30s, the '40s, and the '50s.
		After nationalizing the oil industry Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh was overthrown in a coup orchestrated by the CIA and British intelligence.
		Meanwhile, Iranians were getting a pittance, they were getting almost nothing from the oil that came out of their own soil.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article4540.htm (3408 words)

	British Petroleum and Global Oil, 1950-1975: The Challenge of Nationalism
		The extent and importance of the Iranian oilfield was that, even with such concentration of resources, Anglo-Iranian was included among the seven major oil companies of the world.
		The series of measures to nationalize the assets of international oil companies that Gaddafi sparked off in his own and other countries led on to the OPEC crisis of the early 1970s, when oil prices were dramatically increased and production reduced for a time.
		Although it regained a place in Iran as the major shareholder in the new consortium of international oil companies, BP was now set on course to become a truly international business.
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/0456.shtml (808 words)

	August 6
		When the oil and compensation agreements have been signed and ratified in Persia, the dispute between the Persian Government on the one hand and Her Majesty's Government and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company on the other will have been resolved.
		The Iranian Government, the National Iranian Oil Company and the negotiators representing a consortium of eight oil companies have reached accord on necessary points of an agreement which will restore the flow of Iranian oil to world markets in substantial quantities.
		These companies will receive the necessary rights and powers from the Government and the National Iranian Oil Company and exercise them on their behalf to the extent specified in the agreement.
	www.irvl.net /august_6a.htm (1370 words)

	Pejmanesque: BOOK REVIEW--ALL THE SHAH'S MEN
		All of Mossadegh's formidable political skills and easy rapport with the Iranian people were designed to bring about the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, and the ouster of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company from its place of prominence in the Iranian economy.
		Mossadegh's eventual success in nationalizing Iranian oil as Prime Minister, and his subsequent success in preventing the UN Security Council from passing a resolution that condemned the nationalization, convinced the British that they needed to get rid of him.
		As Jimmy Carter points out in his memoirs, Iranian students briefly occupied the embassy several times before the hostage-taking, only to be dispersed by the regime's forces.
	www.pejmanesque.com /archives/003831.html (2038 words)

	Oil
		On March 8, 2000, Iranian Oil Minister, Bijan Namdar Zanganeh, pointed out in a speech on Iran State TV that speculation, rather than physical shortages in crude oil, lay behind the current surge in oil prices.
		All the major oil companies adopted the same tax dodge so that by 1973 the five largest companies were making two-thirds of their profits abroad and paying no U.S. taxes on those earnings.
		The American, Dutch, and British oil companies boycotted the nationalized Mexican oil interests and the incompetently-run PEMEX was eventually forced to pay $130 million in compensation for seizing the companies.
	www.hermes-press.com /oilrulers1.htm (2961 words)

	Iranica.com - HARRIMAN MISSION
		He was unable or unprepared to view the oil dispute in its complex historical context and his dispatches "revealed little sense of bitterness" characterizing Anglo-Persian relations.
		The general British view was that the longer the Persians were deprived of oil revenues the more amenable they would be to accepting a settlement beneficial to Britain.
		In the eyes of Mosáaddeq and his advisers such proposals were in effect the same as those put forward by Jackson; they were incompatible with the substance of nationalization, and even worse than a 50/50 split of profits, because Persia would have had to pay compensation as well (Ruha@ni, 1987, pp.
	www.bibliothecapersica.com /articles/v12f1/v12f1011.html (1658 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Oil, Hashem Hakimi
		On 17th July 1949, the Iranian Government and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company had come up with a supplemental contract amending the 1933 contract which had replaced the 1901 D'Arcy concession.
		D: The Iranian Embassies all over the world had received specific orders that they were not authorized to discuss oil matters.
		Since the time Reza Shah opened one of the oil valves for oil to pour into the sea for a few seconds at the consternation of the British Petroleum (BP).
	www.iranian.com /HashemHakimi/2003/January/Oil (718 words)

	1.9:Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. (United Kingdom v. Iran)
		In 1933 an agreement was concluded between the Government of Iran and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.
		The Court also rejected the view that the agreement of 1933 was both a concessionary contract between Iran and the company and an international treaty between Iran and the United Kingdom, since the United Kingdom was not a party to the contract.
		The Court held that the declaration by Iran, which was ratified in 1932, covered only disputes based on treaties concluded by Iran after that date, whereas the claim of the United Kingdom was directly or indirectly based on treaties concluded prior to 1932.
	www.icj-cij.org /icjwww/igeneralinformation/ibbook/Bbook8-1.09.HTM (263 words)

	Oil: Too Valuable To Burn By Stephen E. Fleischman
		The first thing he did was to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.
		Kermit re-privatized the oil company for the British and reinstalled the Shah on his Peacock Throne.
		Britain’s major source of oil was threatened after World War II when Dr. Mohammad Mossadeq, the only truly democratic leader in Iranian history, was elected Premier in 1951.
	www.countercurrents.org /po-fleischman301105.htm (544 words)

	Memorandum for the Attorney General relative to a request for Grand Jury authorization to investigate the international oil cartel--June 24, 1952
		In 1933 Standard Oil Company of California obtained a petroleum concession in Saudi Arabia which is lQcated wholly within the territory embraced in the "Red Line Agreement." A short time later the concession was transferred to Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), of which Standard of California and The Texas Company became joint owners.
		While it is true that certain international oil companies receive immunity from prosecution under the antitrust laws for activities which are approved under the voluntary agreement, such immunity does not extend to any past actions under the cartel arrangement and only to those future cartel actions which may be identical with activities receiving antitrust approval.
		Agreements among the dominant oil companies of the world were entered into as early as 1928 and as late as November, 1948.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/Petroleum/jury.htm (3892 words)

	Amazon.com: All the Shah's Men : An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror: Books: Stephen Kinzer
		But although the Iranian leader held his audience at the United Nations Security Council with a moving explication of his country's destitution at the hands of Anglo-Iranian interests, his triumph proved short-lived—and was soon to become a bittersweet memory.
		When the Truman administration prodded it to share the wealth with Iran, its chairman sniffed, "One penny more and the company goes broke." In 1951, to London's fury, Mossadegh led a successful campaign to nationalize the oil company, drove the British to close their vital oil refinery at Abadan and became prime minister.
		Yet it was at the U.N., in October 1953, that one of the greatest dramas of the nascent television age unfolded: The eccentric, hawk-nosed Iranian nationalist leader Mohammed Mossadegh squared off with the aristocratic ambassador of the fading British Empire.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471678783?v=glance (3183 words)

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)