Angular distance - Factbites

Angular distance - Factbites
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Topic: Angular distance

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	Definition of Velocity
		Angular momentum in scalar form is the distance to the origin times the transverse speed, or equivalently, the distance squared times the angular speed, with a plus or minus to distinguish clockwise and anti-clockwise direction.
		If forces are in radial direction only, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, hence transverse speed is inversely proportial to the distance, angular speed is inversely proportial to the distance squared, and the rate at which area is swept out is constant ( Kepler's second law).
		In connection with polar coordinates, 2D velocity can be decomposed into radial velocity, away from or toward the origin, and transverse velocity, in the perpendicular direction, changing the direction of the body from the origin, and equal to the distance to the origin times the angular velocity.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Velocity

	Velocity - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Angular momentum in scalar form is the distance to the origin times the transverse speed, or equivalently, the distance squared times the angular speed, with a plus or minus to distinguish clockwise and anti-clockwise direction.
		If forces are in radial direction only, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, hence transverse speed is inversely proportional to the distance, angular speed is inversely proportional to the distance squared, and the rate at which area is swept out is constant ( Kepler's second law).
		In connection with polar coordinates, 2D velocity can be decomposed into radial velocity, away from or toward the origin, and transverse velocity, in the perpendicular direction, changing the direction of the body from the origin, and equal to the distance to the origin times the angular velocity.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Velocity

	ASTR 328/530
		azimuth is the angular distance, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc, along the horizon from the origin, the north point of the horizon, to the foot of the vertical circle through the object of interest.
		It is convenient in practical observation to use the angular distance measured along the celestial equator from the point of intersection with the celestial meridian (sigma point) to the foot of the hour circle through the object of interest.
		The altitude is the angular distance, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc, along the vertical circle passing through the object of interest.
	www.physics.gmu.edu /~jevans/astr530/CourseNotes/a530_f2002_astrCoordinateSystems.html (1324 words)

	Moon Illusion Explained: Section 2
		Indeed, this linear size constancy must occur in order for the increase in the perceived visual angle to yield the shorter perceived distance as an example of the relative angular size cue to distance.
		And to have a perceived linear size of 10 units it must be at a distance from point O equal to 2/3rds the distance of 'horizon moon'-15.
		It may be useful, in passing, to differentiate between angular size contrast and linear size contrast.
	facstaff.uww.edu /mccreadd/sectionII.html (3794 words)

	More About Angular Size
		An object's angular size is a measure of how large the object actually appears to be (which is a function of both actual size and distance away).
		You are already familiar with this relationship; the closer you get to something (the smaller the distance), the bigger it appears (its angular size is larger).
		For small angles (less than ten degrees), the angular size, physical size, and distance of an object are related in a useful way, namely:
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /YBA/HTCas-size/more-ang_size.html (3794 words)

	Angular displacement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theta = s / r For example if an object rotates 360 degrees around a circle radius 'r' the angular displacement is given by the distance traveled the circuference which is 2 * Pi * r Divided by the radius in: Theta = (2 * Pi * r) / r which easily simplifies to 2Pi
		Angular displacement of a body is the angle in radians through which a point or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a specified axis.
		Angular Displacement is measured in [radians] rather than degrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angular_displacement (139 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 338, 777-780 (1998)
		Distances used in lensing theory are the angular diameter distances (Schneider, Ehlers and Falco 1992).
		are the angular diameter distance, the proper motion distance and the luminosity distance respectively.
		are the angular distances from the lens to the source and from the observer to the source, respectively.
	aa.springer.de /papers/8338003/2300777/sc2.htm (147 words)

	SpaceGear.Org - KeplerianOrbitType
		element is the angular distance from the ascending node to the periapsis.
		This element is the angular distance between the assumed reference plane and the orbital plane in degrees.
		element is the angular distance of the orbiting body as measured from the periapsis.
	spacegear.org /schemas/KeplerianOrbitType (147 words)

	Astronomy 101 Specials: Aristarchus and the Size of the Moon
		In addition, since the Moon and the Earth's shadow at the distance to the Moon are by definition at the same distance, the ratio of angular sizes is the ratio of physical sizes.
		His genius was to use something he knew about the Earth (its size) and a bit of clever geometry to deduce the size of the Earth's shadow at the distance of the Moon.
		Aristarchus realized that the longest lunar eclipses must occur when the Moon passes right through the center of the Earth's shadow, and furthermore, that the angular size of the Earth's shadow could be measured by noting the difference in the position of the Moon before and after the eclipse.
	www.eg.bucknell.edu /physics/astronomy/astr101/specials/aristarchus.html (738 words)

	ConeSound (Java 3D API)
		If angular distance from the listener-sound-position vector and a sound's direction vector is less than the first distance in the array, only the first gain scale factor and first filter are applied to the sound source.
		It also accepts arrays of points for the distance attenuation and angular values.
		This attenuation is defined as a triple of (angular distance, gain-scale-factor, filter).
	java.sun.com /products/java-media/3D/forDevelopers/J3D_1_3_API/j3dapi/javax/media/j3d/ConeSound.html (738 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: Scale and Distance
		Enter the distance in kilometers or light years and the angular size in degrees to compute the linear scale in kilometers or light years.
		Enter the distance in kilometers or light years and the angular size in arc seconds to compute the linear scale in kilometers or light years.
		Enter the distance in kilometers or light years and the angular size in arc minutes to compute the linear scale in kilometers or light years.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/scale_distance.html (560 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: Scales and Angular Measurement
		The angular diameter is proportional to the actual diameter divided by its distance.
		The Sun and the moon have angular diameters of about half a degree, as would a 4-inch diameter orange at a distance of 38 feet.
		For example if an object is observed to have an apparent diameter of 1 arc second and is known to be at a distance of 5000 light years, it can be determined that the actual diameter is.02 light years.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/scale.html (560 words)

	Measuring the Shape of the Universe with Standard Candles
		We know that certain objects within our own galaxy (e.g., giant regions of star formation) are of a certain typical size and so when we see these same nebulae in other galaxies their decreased angular size is attributed to the distance of the source.(see figure 1).
		An interesting consequence of curved spacetimes is the variation of angular size with distance.
		In a flat space objects always decrease in apparent angular size with increasing distance.
	www.ngst.nasa.gov /science/rulers.html (520 words)

	UFO Tools
		There are a few methods for determining the angular width of a UFO but the one used here is based on comparisons with the angular size of the moon and a constant value derived from the Moon's actual diameter (2160 miles) divided by the Moon's mean distance from the Earth (238856 miles).
		This method of estimation requires fairly accurate determinations of the angular size of a UFO, and its distance from the observer, compared to the apparent size of a known object such as the Moon.
		Given that the system is designed to permit the detection of a target approximately 10 centimeters in diameter out to a distance of 27,600 kilometers, detection of a target whose diameter is on the order of ten meters out to that range would be a trivial process.
	ufotools.blogspot.com (520 words)

	Conservation of Angular Momentum
		Angular momentum of a particle is r x p, where r is distance vector from some reference point, and p is linear momentum mv.
		Angular momentum of a rotating object is a function of its mass, its size and shape, and its rate of rotation.
		Satellite in non-circular (elliptical) orbit: If r is the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite and q is the angle between v and r, conservation of momentum demands that rvsinq is constant.
	instruct.tri-c.edu /fgram/WEB/AngMom.htm (1058 words)

	Angular diameter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The angular diameter of the Sun, from a distance of one lightyear, is 0.03", of the Earth 0.0003".
		The angular diameter of Earth's orbit around the Sun, from a distance of one parsec, is 2" (two arcseconds).
		In astronomy the size of objects in the sky are often measured in terms of their angular diameter as seen from Earth, rather than their actual size.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angular_diameter (1058 words)

	UNESCO Training Module on GIS - Module B-3
		Meridians are used to measure longitude- that is, the angular distance east or west from the prime meridian.
		As shown in the cutaway, they measure the angular distance north or south of the equator
		The distance between the geoid and the spheroid is referred to as the geoid-spheroid separation or geoidal undulation.
	gea.zvne.fer.hr /module/module_b/module_b3.html (1058 words)

	An Exploration of Meteor Angular Speeds
		A rough estimate of the average meteor angular speed is then obtained by dividing the distance by the duration later during initial data reduction on paper.
		Figures 1 to 5 show the meteor angular speed, V_theta, plotted on the y-axis as a function of meteor-radiant angular distance, theta, on the x-axis, for four constant meteor angular altitudes (each shown as a separate curve): alt=0 deg (dash-dot), alt=30 deg (dash), alt=60 deg (dot), and alt=90 deg (solid).
		The meteor angular speed estimate is primarily used for meteor shower classification verification, using the relationships shown in Equations 1 & 2 and Figures 1-5.
	www.serve.com /~wh6ef/richardson/angspeed.html (1058 words)

	Chapter 8
		The significance of this final result is that the speed of a particle in circular motion is directly proportional to its distance from the rotation axis, and also directly proportional to the angular speed of the motion.
		Suppose her angular speed is 0.3 rev/s before she pulls her arms in and pulling her arms in reduces her moment of inertia by 1/2.
		Angular momentum is conserved either about a fixed rotation axis, or about an axis through the center-of-gravity (center-of-mass) of the rotating rigid body.
	www.erlichson.net /galileo/ch8/chapter8.html (1058 words)

	UFO Size Estimator
		This method of estimation requires fairly accurate determinations of the angular size of a UFO, and its distance from the observer, compared to the apparent size of a known object such as the Moon.
		There are a few methods for determining the angular width of a UFO but the one used here is based on comparisons with the angular size of the moon and a constant value derived from the Moon's actual diameter (2160 miles) divided by the Moon's mean distance from the Earth (238856 miles).
		Angular Size The size that an object appears to be.
	terrygroff.com /ufotools/size (708 words)

	Deep Impact: Discovery Zone: Mission Challenge
		" is the angular diameter of the object, in arcseconds*.
		"Diameter" is the object's true linear diameter, and "distance" is how far away the object is. These last two need to be in the same distance unit (both in meters, for example).
		The small angle formula is a mathematical formula used in astronomy for determining the angular diameter of an object that will appear as a disk when viewed from another object.
	deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov /disczone/challenge_FOV_A.html (708 words)

	2.3 Surveying the universe
		the observed angular velocity; and the angular-diameter distance,
		Note that, for large redshifts, the dependence of the various distance measures on z is not necessarily monotonic.
		Robertson-Walker spacetimes have preferred foliations, so it is possible to define sensible notions of the distance between comoving objects - those whose worldlines are normal to the preferred slices.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /EMIS/journals/LRG/Articles/Volume4/2001-1carroll/node8.html (340 words)

	Chapter 3 continued-Revolution in Weather-Singer
		The polar distance of a point on the sphere is its angular distance on the surface of the sphere from one of the poles of the equatorial circle.
		The polar distance of a circle is the angular distance of any point on its circumference from either one of its two poles (the second pole, which is not shown, is diametrically opposite to pole P).
		The polar distance of the small circle is PQ, which also equals PR.
	weather.org /singer/more3.htm (1689 words)

	Optical formulae
		Theta = (55h)/d where Theta is the angular* size of the object in degrees h is the linear size of the object in m d is the distance from the eye in m e.g., for the width of a quarter at arm's length: (55*0.254)/0.711 = 2=B0
		Twice this distance, or an 8-minute (480- second) apparent field angle, is a more practical value for comfortable=20 viewing.
		M = 480/d where M is the magnification required 480 is number of seconds of arc for an apparent field of 8 minutes of arc d is the angular separation of the double star About the closest star separation that the eye can distinguish is 4 minutes=20 of arc (240 seconds of arc).
	www.atmsite.org /contrib/Tasso/formulae (1689 words)

	Angular momentum
		When the distance between timings is requested, enter the angular distance (in radians) between the pieces of tape on the plastic ring that pass through the photogate.
		is an expression of the conservation of angular momentum.
		After the moment of inertia is determined, conservation of angular momentum will be investigated by dropping a mass onto the rotating platform, and measuring the angular velocity,
	solidstate.physics.sunysb.edu /teach/phy131/lab_instructions/angular_momentum.html (536 words)

	(meteorobs) Angular Speed Equations
		The true variation with linear speed occurs in that the angular speeds will vary over a much larger range with increasing distance from the radiant: from 1-2 in the case of the very slow shower, up to a full 1-5 in the case of the very swift shower.
		When combined with the angular distance measurement, the two together will give a very easy division to get the angular speed (done at the kitchen table when recording the data on hard copy or computer).
		That is, all shower meteors which are very near the radiant will have quite small angular speeds, regardless of their linear speed.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg14296.html (536 words)

	conservation of energy & angular momentum in a comet orbit
		The units of angular speed will be radians/s if tangential speed and the comet-sun distance incorporate the same distance units (e.g., kilometers).
		A value for Î”Î¸, the angular change in position during a time interval, can be calculated by multiplying the angular speed (d Î¸ /dt) by the time interval over which that angular speed applies.
		Angular momentum is another quantity that remains constant in an orbit as Kepler knew.
	www.phy.duke.edu /~kolena/comet.html (536 words)

	Astronomy 10: Parallax
		The "size" will be the distance between your eyes, and the "angular size" will be the angle between two distant landmarks.
		We will measure the angular size of the Moon, which will allow us to estimate the distance to the Moon.
		angular size) of the marks to be 1°.
	cse.ssl.berkeley.edu /bmendez/ay10/2002/projects/parallax.html (1140 words)

	Re: Real and Apparent Size?
		For an object the angular sized of the moon or sun, approximately 1/2 degree or about 0.009 radians (9 milliradians), at a distance of 1 km, the actual size (perpendicular to the lie of sight) would be about 0.009 x 1000 = 9 meters.
		This is important because when looking at an object of length L, measured perpendicular to the line of sight, when the object is at distance D, there is a ratio D/L which defines the angle, A, which could be called the angular size.
		Angular size can be expressed in degrees, but of more direct use is the angular size in radians.
	www.virtuallystrange.net /ufo/updates/1998/sep/m21-026.shtml (476 words)

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