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Topic: Angular momentum quantum number

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	Duran: Chapter Nine Quantum Numbers and the Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The orbital quantum number, l, (or angular momentum quantum number) cannot be larger than n-1, but can be zero or a positive integer.
		The quantum number l determines the geometric shape of the orbital.
		Spin is an intrinsic quantum number, which causes electrons to behave as if they are spinning on their axis, generating a magnetic field.
	www.chem.ufl.edu /~chm2040/Notes/Chapter_9/quantum.html (407 words)

	Electron spin
		Quantization of angular momentum had already arisen for orbital angular momentum, and if this electron spin behaved the same way, an angular momentum quantum number s = 1/2 was required to give just two states.
		An angular momentum and a magnetic moment could indeed arise from a spinning sphere of charge, but this classical picture cannot fit the size or quantized nature of the electron spin.
		The precise value of g was predicted by relativistic quantum mechanics in the Dirac equation and was measured in the Lamb shift experiment.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/spin.html (1020 words)

	Orbital Angular Momentum
		Angular momentum is actually a vector oriented perpendicular to the wire loop in the example we are discussing.
		In quantum mechanics it turns out that it is only possible to measure simultaneously the square of the length of the angular momentum vector and one component of this vector.
		Figure 9.6 illustrates the angular momentum vector associated with a bead moving on a wire loop which is tilted from the horizontal.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node99.html (523 words)

	Haidan Wen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, the quantum dynamics of it was "blind" and not able to be observed directly, since no controlled experimental methods could be faster than the time scale (~10^(-12)s) of these dynamics before.
		The goal is to control the angular momentum quantum number l besides the principle quantum number n to extend the data registers in Ryderg atoms for quantum information processing.
		Using a weak half-cycle pulse, we probed the dynamics of the Stark wave packet and qualitatively measured the angular momentum states of it [6].
	www-personal.umich.edu /~wenh/statement.htm (471 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary: Electrons in atoms
		The number of orbitals in a subshell is the same as the number of possible m
		The quantum number that determines the size and (in hydrogen atoms) the energy of an orbital
		Electrons have an intrinsic angular momentum that is similar to what would be observed if they were spinning.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/electrons/glossary.shtml (1144 words)

	Quantized Angular Momentum
		It is a characteristic of angular momenta in quantum mechanics that the magnitude of the angular momentum in terms of the orbital quantum number is of the form
		The relationship between the magnitude of the angular momentum and its projection along any direction is space is often visualized in terms of a vector model.
		This quantum number is used to characterize the splitting of atomic energy levels, such as the spin-orbit splitting which leads to the sodium doublet.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/qangm.html (343 words)

	Azimuthal quantum number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Azimuthal quantum number (or orbital/total angular momentum quantum number) symbolized as l (lower-case L) is a quantum number for an atomic orbital which determines its orbital angular momentum.
		The azimuthal quantum number is the second of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, following Spectroscopic notation, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number) which describe the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter l.
		The Bohr model was derived as was all of quantum theory from spectroscopic analysis of the atom in combination with the Rutherford atom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angular_momentum_quantum_number (1012 words)

	6-42-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		n principal quantum number -- characterizes the energy of the electron configuration and it characterizes the size of the region of space where the model predicts the electron should most probably be found.
		The difference between atomic number of any adjacent pair of elements in a group of the periodic table will be 8, 18, or 32 because the change between members of a group corresponds to a change in principal quantum number.
		The number of orbitals in a subshell is derived from the allowed values of the magnetic quantum number, m.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/development/homework/6-42-99.html (1129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In nuclide symbols, the atomic number is a leading subscript; for example, in 126C, the "6" is the atomic numberatomic radiusmetallic radius; covalent radius; atomic radii.
		The SI unit of frequency is the Hertz (Hz).Heisenberg uncertainty principleA quantum mechanical principle due to Werner Heisenberg (1927) that, in its most common form, states that it is not possible to simultaneously determine the position and momentum of a particle.
		Quantum numbers are used to describe the state of a confined electron, e.g.
	www.cdlilly.com /Vocabulary/VocabularyUnit2-AtomicStructure.doc (1537 words)

	Spin quantum number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In atomic physics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number that parametrizes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of a given particle.
		The spin quantum number is the fourth of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number) which describe the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter s.
		There needed to be a fourth quantum number that could properly predict spectra that matched the complexity found in nature so that this new quantum number had to behave as if it were also derived from the algebra of angular momentum vectors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spin_quantum_number (1011 words)

	The Net Equation: Your Online Source for Chemistry Solutions
		n is called the principle quantum number; it describes how far away from the nucleus the electron shell under consideration is. The larger the value of n, the farther away the shell is; since shells are concentric, farther shells are also larger.
		l is the angular momentum quantum number, and it describes the shape of the subshell (each electron shell except n=1 is composed of several subshells).
		Before the quantum number system was instituted, subshells were referred to with letters: 0 was s, 1 was p, 2 was d, 3 was f, 4 was g, and so on.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004970/atoms/orbital.htm (1458 words)

	Many-Electron Atoms - Problems
		Rather than use the general symbol "l"to denote an angular momentum quantum number, we shall reserve this symbol for orbital angular momentum and introduce a new symbol "s" to denote the spin angular momentum quantum number.
		The number of quantized components of angular momentum is related to the angular momentum quantum number by the expression (2l + 1) for orbital momentum or (2s + 1) for spin momentum.
		Recall that the magnetic quantum number m governing the components of angular momentum assumes values from l to — l in steps of unity or from s to — s in the case of spin angular momentum.
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /esam/Chapter_4/problems.html (883 words)

	The Fourth Quantum Number
		Clearly, the appearance of half-odd-integral (effective) quantum numbers and the thereby formally caused value g = 2 of the splitting factor of the s-term of the alkalis is closely connected with the twofoldness of the energy level.
		In the present quantum theoretical classification of the electrons the term multiplicity required by the branching rule is simply a consequence of the "Auf bauprinzip".
		It is well known that the appearance of several equivalent electrons, that is, electrons which are fully equivalent both with respect to their quantum numbers and with respect to their binding energies, in an atom is possible only under special circumstances which are closely connected with the regularities of the complex structure of spectra.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Pauli-1925/Pauli-1925.html (5195 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 3 : Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For each quantum number there is a set of possible values and each quantum number describes some aspect of the electron and its orbital.
		The first quantum number is called the principal quantum number and is represented by n.
		The third quantum number is the magnetic quantum number.
	www.wwnorton.com /chemistry/overview/ch3.htm (2305 words)

	The Zeeman Effect in Atomic Mercury
		In a helium-like system, the total angular momentum J of the atom is determined solely by the total angular momentum of the two valence electrons, since the orbital and intrinsic spin angular momenta of the electrons in the closed-shell, inert core are coupled to zero.
		The most important technique for determining the angular momentum structure of atomic energy levels is the observation of the Zeeman effect on spectral lines.
		Classically, one expects that the electron's intrinsic magnetic moment is related to its intrinsic spin angular momentum S by a relationship similar to Eq.
	community.middlebury.edu /~PHManual/zeeman.html (2135 words)

	esm_walker_physics_2\|Atomic Physics\|Reference Tools & Resources
		atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
		The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum from the associated quantum number.
		The magnetic quantum number specifies one component of the orbital angular momentum.
	wps.prenhall.com /esm_walker_physics_2/0,7966,804967-,00.html (449 words)

	Zeeman Effect in Parabolic Quantum Dots
		Large Zeeman splitting of excited higher angular momentum states is observed in the magnetoluminescence spectrum of quantum dots induced by self-organized InP islands on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well.
		In the limit of strong confinement, the band structure of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) forms a sequence of deltalike states corresponding to the quantized levels of a "macroatom." The study of the electronic and phys-ical properties of these dots is of great relevance for all branches of fundamental physics.
		This is attributed to the breaking of the degeneracy of states with different values of the angular momentum quantum number induced by the external magnetic field (Zeeman splitting) [7-9].
	www.lce.hut.fi /~jtulkki/publications/zem/index.html (1808 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 3 : Quantum Numbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are four things you need to know about each quantum number: (1) its name and symbol, (2) the acceptable/possible values of the number, (3) what the number says about the energy of the electron, and (4) what the number says about what the electron is doing.
		That is electrons D and E. The distance from the nucleus is determined by the n quantum number.
		The larger the number, the further from the nucleus.
	www.wwnorton.com /chemistry/concepts/chapter3/ch3_2.htm (1044 words)

	Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers
		Quantum states are specified by elements of the space.
		is: it's the quantum number associated with the magnitude of J (likewise for
		Our six quantum numbers are not a complete set-- that is, they are insufficient to fully specify the quantum state of the atom (or label the set of basis vectors, in modern terminology).
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/spin/node9.html (579 words)

	Slides5
		The angular momentum quantum number will determine the three dimensional shape of the wave function, how it is distributed about the mathematical origin.
		The average size depends mostly on n and to a lesser extent on the angular momentum quantum number, l.
		The fourth quantum number is what is familiarly referred to as the "spin" of an electron.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/09-105/S98Slides5.html (531 words)

	NIST: Hydrocarcons - List of Symbols
		In most cases, a uniform set of quantum state and molecular parameter symbols is employed.
		Rotational angular momentum quantum number, excluding electron and nuclear spins, in the case where electron spin is present.
		Angular momentum quantum number of nuclear spin for one (or i
	physics.nist.gov /PhysRefData/MolSpec/Hydro/Html/sec4.html (536 words)

	Total electronic angular momentum quantum number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In atomic physics, the total electronic angular quantum momentum numbers parameterize the total angular momentum of a given electron, by combining its orbital angular momentum and its intrinsic angular momentum (i.e., its spin).
		where l is the azimuthal quantum number (parameterizing the orbital angular momentum) and s is the spin quantum number (parameterizing the spin).
		The relation between the total angular momentum vector j and the total angular momentum quantum number j is given by the usual relation (see angular momentum quantum number)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Total_angular_momentum_quantum_number (209 words)

	[No title]
		The superscript of the term symbol is the value of the quantity 2S+1, where S is the total spin angular momentum quantum number of all the electrons in the atom.
		Therefore, according to the Clebsch-Gordan series, the possible angular momenta for the 2p2(3P)3s configuration are L = 0-1,..., 0+1 = 1 and S = ½-1,..., ½+1 = 1/2 or 3/2.
		The angular momentum quantum number l of the single electron involved in the transition must change by (1.
	classweb.gmu.edu /sdavis/chem332/terms.doc (1251 words)

	Set 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For a particle in the quantum state n,m of a square two-dimensional box of length L on each side, calculate the expectation value of the z-component of the angular momentum.
		For a particle with angular momentum quantum number l=3, sketch the allowed orientations of the angular momentum vector, relative to the z-axis.
		Calculate the average quantum number l for CO molecules (with I=14.48 x 10
	classweb.gmu.edu /sdavis/chem332/Set5/set5.htm (221 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Write the spectroscopic notation for a single atomic electron state that has an orbital angular momentum quantum number of 1, a total angular momentum quantum number of f(3,2), and a principal quantum number of 4.
		For an electron in an atom, calculate the largest possible angle between the total angular momentum and the z-axis when the total angular momentum quantum number is f(3,2).
		Calculate the magnitude of the total angular momentum of an electron in an atom in terms of h if the total angular momentum quantum number is f(9,2)
	www.physics.ncat.edu /~michael/modern/home/hw19.html (134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Early quantum theory predicted that an electron in an orbital had angular momentum due to its orbital motion and that this angular momentum was quantized and governed by the orbital angular momentum quantum number (or azimuthal quantum number) l.
		They showed that the electron's spin angular momentum had to have spin orbital angular momentum quantum number, s, equal to 1/2.
		The spin of the nuclei gives rise to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and there is a corresponding technique, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, arising from electron spin.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~hs0bcl/gg/spin.htm (231 words)

	Experiment 6
		The quantum numbers for the first 2 rows of the periodic table are n, l, m
		As a reminder, the number of protons equals the atomic number of the element in question.
		Suppose that there are two atoms of carbon which are separated from one another by 120 pm along the x axis, with the y-axis in the same plane as the x-axis and the z-axis perpendicular to the plane.
	capital2.capital.edu /faculty/wbecktel/101L66.html (1241 words)

	Energy Levels of the OH Molecule
		...denoting the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum in the electric field direction (i.e.
		In the presence of rotation the degeneracy between the two directions is broken and each rotational level is split into components with positive or negative parity.
		H atom causes an extra contribution to the total angular momentum.
	www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de /staff/epolehampton/thesis/node119.html (528 words)

	College Physics for Students of Biology and Chemistry - Atomic Structure
		the angular momentum of the electron relative to the nucleus is quantized.
		Each plot is labeled by the quantum numbers n, l and m; the spin quantum number does not affect the appearance of the wave function.
		A basic tenet of the quantum theory is that as n approaches infinity, the equations (ie., for energy) should become equivalent to their classical (macroscopic) counterparts.
	www.rwc.uc.edu /koehler/biophys.2ed/atoms.html (1270 words)

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