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Effect of Surface Modification on Hydration Kinetics of Carbamazepine Anhydrate Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry The surface-modified anhydrates of CBZ were obtained in a specially designed surface modification apparatus at 60°C via the adsorption of n-butanol, and powder x-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the crystalline characteristics of the samples. The DSC curve of CBZ anhydrate was not affected by surface modification. This result indicated that the hydration of CBZ anhydrate consisted of a nuclei formation process as an induction period (initial stage) and a growth process of nuclei (later stage) and that the surface-modified treatment affected both of the processes and inhibited the hydration of CBZ. www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt040105&pdf=yes   (3206 words)

The Hydrate Lab Conference 2000   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) In doing this, we hope to be able to determine the final masses of anhydrate and water from the initial mass of the hydrate and the relative masses of the molecules on the periodic table without actually performing the experiment. For example, by dividing the relative atomic mass of the anhydrate, which was 106 AMU, by the total relative atomic mass of the hydrate, which was 124 AMU, we realized that the anhydrate was 85.5% of the total hydrate. In the equation, this ratio would be equal to the ratio of the known experimental mass of the hydrate, 5.00 g, and the unknown experimental mass of the anhydrate, x g. www.chemistrycoach.com /hydrate_lab_conference_2000.htm   (1750 words)

Sodium cefamandole crystalline forms - Patent 4054738 This invention provides a crystalline anhydrate of sodium cefamandole which is readily prepared and which possesses the stability characteristics desirable in formulations of the antibiotic. Accordingly, the anhydrate crystalline form is stored prior to use in sealed containers or in a dry atmosphere to prevent the formation of the less stable monohydrate form. The dried crystals of anhydrate were transferred to amber glass jars which were sealed for storage. www.freepatentsonline.com /4054738.html   (2103 words)

CIPO - Canadian Patent Database - Claims - 2425558 A crystalline (N)-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl)1-(L-alaninyl)-(S)-1-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-3benzazepin-2-one anhydrate of Claim 1 further characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak at 4.53, 5.36, 9.04, 9.52, 9.79, 11.69, 12.46, 13.91, 14.72, 16.21, 17.92, or 19.10 (2.theta. A crystalline (N)-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl)1-(L-alaninyl)-(S)-1-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-3benzazepin-2-one anhydrate of Claim 1 further characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks at; 9.52 and. A crystalline (N)-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl)1-(L-alaninyl)-(S)-1-amino-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-3benzazepin-2-one anhydrate of Claim 1 further characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks at 9.52, 9.79, and 12.46 (2.theta. patents1.ic.gc.ca /claims?patent_number=2425558&language=   (643 words)

Novel crystalline form of a phosphoric acid salt of a dipeptidyl peptidase-iv inhibitor patent invention The invention further concerns pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel crystalline dihydrogenphosphate salt anhydrate polymorphic Form IV of the present invention; processes for preparing the dihydrogenphosphate salt anhydrate Form IV and their pharmaceutical compositions; and methods of treating conditions for which a DP-IV inhibitor is indicated comprising administering a composition of the present invention. Advantageously, the crystalline anhydrate form of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, the crystalline anhydrate form of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. www.freshpatents.com /Novel-crystalline-form-of-a-phosphoric-acid-salt-of-a-dipeptidyl-peptidase-iv-inhibitor-dt20070125ptan20070021430.php   (1904 words)

A Method for the Determination of Solubility of Metastable Crystal Phases Based on Total Light Scattering Theophylline monohydrate was obtained by suspending an excess of the anhydrate phase in deionized water and continually stirring the suspension at ambient temperature for 4 h. This relation was found to hold for the solubilities of the anhydrate and monohydrate phases as obtained by the light scattering method, and the quality of the dependence is illustrated in Figure 4. Certainly phase conversion of anhydrate to monohydrate will be taking place during the initial dissolution time period, and this process could conceivably affect any solubility values deduced from an application of the method. pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/1996/12/i02/abs/la950977v.html   (2716 words)

FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code From that date forward, however, it was impossible to produce pure anhydrate in a "seeded" environment because even under normal climactic conditions, at least some of the anhydrate would "convert" to become hemihydrate. The second was a natural physical process whereby paroxetine anhydrate (a pre-existing synthetic crystal that today is in the public domain) could, under normal climactic conditions and with no human intervention, bond with water molecules and convert itself into paroxetine hemihydrate, SK II, 247 F. Supp. Had SKB explicitly claimed the crystals converted in Apotex's facilities, as either "the natural process of converting paroxetine anhydrate to paroxetine hemihydrate" or "crystalline paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate arising through natural conversion," unpatentability under Section 101 would be manifest; though the claimed matter would be a useful composition, it would be one that occurred in nature. caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=fed&navby=case&no=031285&exact=1   (12032 words)

Untitled   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) For 100% ampicillin anhydrate and 100% ampicillin trihydrate cases, the dissolved concentration (mg/mL) was equal to the total amount of 100% ampicillin anhydrate and 100% ampicillin trihydrate in 1 mL solution up to the solubility (10.8 mg/mL) of 100% ampicillin anhydrate and the solubility (5.4 mg/mL) of 100% ampicillin trihydrate. For an ampicillin anhydrate to ampicillin trihydrate mixture ratio of 75:25, the relationship between the dissolved concentration and the total amount of the mixture in 1 mL solution was the same as the 100% ampicillin anhydrate case. As for the ampicillin anhydrate to ampicillin trihydrate mixture ratios of 50:50 and 25:75, the total solubility of 10.8 mg/mL could be reached at greater amounts of the mixtures. nr.stpi.org.tw /ejournal/ChiChemSociety/qr_abs.cfm?UnionCode=5851   (193 words)

Determination of hydration kinetics of sulfaguanidine anhydrate in aqueous solution by calorimetry. A heat conduction microcalorimeter was used to evaluate the isothermal transition in water from anhydrate to monohydrate at 298 K. Sulfaguanidine (SGN) anhydrate was used as a model compound for the measurement of hydration kinetics in water. It is the well-known that SGN is very slightly soluble in water and capable of existing as the anhydrate or monohydrate form in the solid state. The transition rates of SGN anhydrate to monohydrate in tablets and granules were investigated. www.aegis.com /aidsline/2000/jun/A0061190.html   (369 words)

IPBiz: More on SKB v. Apotex, ice-9 With this new form or polymorph in existence, SmithKline's experts explained, the general environment became "seeded" with crystals of PHC hemihydrate. Thus, under SmithKline's claim construction, the district court held that Apotex's PHC anhydrate drug would infringe claim 1 of the '723 patent. Consequently, applying the facts as found by the district court to the correct standard, this court holds that claim 1 of the '723 patent is invalid for anticipation by the '196 ipbiz.blogspot.com /2005/06/more-on-skb-v-apotex-ice-9.html   (1788 words)

Canadian Law Firm - Blakes Means Business   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) GSK argued that the generic anhydrate was unstable and would convert to the more stable hemihydrate form either during the tableting process or over time after exposure to heat or humidity. In the seeded environment, even as little as a single crystal of the hemihydrate was enough to convert the anhydrate, at least in part, to the hemihydrate form. Therefore, if GSK proved contributory infringement by showing that the anhydrate metabolized into the hemihydrate upon ingestion, it may also have proven that the hemihydrate was inherent in the prior art. www.blakes.com /english/publications/brip/article.asp?A_ID=169&DB=blakesProperty   (1828 words)

Patent 6,696,496 In a preferred mode, venlafaxine base is dissolved in acetone under heating, maleic acid is added to the solution under stirring, the mixture is heated to complete dissolution and the clear solution is allowed to cool. Venlafaxine maleate anhydrate crystallizes from the solution and is separated by filtration and dried. The amount of venlafaxine maleate compound contained in a unit dosage form is an amount effective to treat one or more venlafaxine-treatable diseases or conditions as is hereinafter defined and can be determined by workers skilled in the art without undue experimentation. www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/Feb2004/022404/6696496_Venlafaxine022404.htm   (4217 words)

No. 05-489: SmithKline Becham Corp. v. Apotex Corp. - Amicus Invitation (Petition) Respon dents argued that the anhydrate is bioequivalent to Paxil but does not infringe the '723 patent because that patent is limited to PHC hemihydrate. According to petitioners, the factory where respondents plan to produce the anhydrate was "seeded" with the hemihydrate when respondents exper imented on Paxil, and the process of turning PHC anhydrate into a pill would cause further conversion of the anhydrate into PHC hemihydrate. In any event, the prior art was not limited to production of PHC anhydrate solely in a labo ratory carefully screened to be free of hemihydrate "seeding," so petitioner's theory would necessarily (and impermissibly) withdraw prior art activities from the public domain. www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/2005/2pet/6invit/2005-0489.pet.ami.inv.html   (4228 words)

Anhydrate Did You Mean anhydrate An Anhydrate (from the Greek word án(h)ydros meaning "without water") is a chemical compound that does not contain water molecules. These molecules may be present implicitly in the compound itself or they may be present in the outer co-ordination sphere in the case of complexes or ionic salts. NaCl (or table salt) is a common anhydrate. www.did-you-mean.com /Anhydrate.html   (148 words)

Dino Land Paleontology Interviews: Peter Sheehan Anhydrate is a mineral composed largely of sulfur. Sheehan and his team did the math, studied just how much sulfur would have been blown into the atmosphere, and indeed discovered that the amount was more than enough needed to send downpours of acid rain onto the fertile earth. One is found in continental rocks, the other is marine." After comparing the anhydrate sulfur found in the distant lands of Montana Sheehan announced that it is of marine origin. www.geocities.com /stegob/paleo.html   (2269 words)

SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORP. and BEECHAM GROUP, P.L.C., Plaintiffs, v. APOTEX CORP., APOTEX, INC., and TORPHARM, INC., ... And although a handful of crystals in a batch of the anhydrate is not detectable in the sense that its presence can be determined by a test, I pointed out earlier that the presence of a substance may be inferable even when it cannot be detected by instruments however sensitive. Some conversion from anhydrate to hemihydrate is likely to occur in a seeded facility in which the anhydrate is exposed to air; BCI's plant is seeded; and the anhydrate manufactured there is exposed to nondehumidified air before it leaves the plant. These were the amounts of anhydrate and hemihydrate in the mixture, the amount of Nujol mull (a gel applied to the mixture to enable spectroscopic measurement) in it, and the mixture's thickness. www.projectposner.org /case/2003/247FSupp2d1011   (17832 words)

Smithkline Beecham Corp., et al. v. Apotex Corp., et al. SmithKline also sought to assert a claim of induced infringement against Apotex on the theory that anhydrate tablets convert to PHC hemihydrate in the stomach of a patient due to the increased humidity and pressure. The district court openly discussed the policies that led to its insertion of commercially significant quantities as a limitation on the meaning of the claimed compound. This process of ‘seeding’ the old with the new can be deliberate—that is, can be a method of manufacturing the new polymorph—or adventitious, a result of the fact that some of the crystals become airborne and ‘contaminate’ the laboratory or plant in which the old crystal is being manufactured. www.ll.georgetown.edu /federal/judicial/fed/opinions/03opinions/03-1285.html   (12472 words)

Thermoanalytical investigation of hydrate The anhydrate shows no noticeable moisture loss, on the other hand with the monohydrate a step of around 7% can be observed which can be ascribed to the loss of hydrate water and does not fully agree with the stoichiometry. This shift is due to the somewhat lower purity of the substance. The combination of DSC and TGA curves allows indentification of pseudopolymorphism as well as a clear distinction between anhydrate and monohydrate. user.chollian.net /~jpkim3/tascienc/applist/hydrate.htm   (306 words)

Ceramic Material: ANHYDRATES   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Anhydrates and calcinates are normally labeled as such commercially in order to distinguish whether the materials have had their water (H As a general rule, anhydrates have finer particle sizes than do calcinates, affecting, among other things, suspension in batch preparation and thermal expansion in firing — advantages and disadvantages varying accordingly. Anhydrates and calcinates are normally labeled as such commercially in order to distinguish whether the materials have had their water (Handlt;FONT SIZE=2andgt;andlt;SUBandgt;2andlt;/SUBandgt;andlt;/FONTandgt;O) content reduced chemically or thermally. www.ceramic-materials.com /cermat/material/1752.html   (219 words)

Morrison & Foerster : Legal Updates & News : Legal Updates : <i>SmithKline</i>: How the Expanding ... However, the company did not register the anhydrate form: the drug registered as Paxil® is a hemihydrate, a novel crystal form that was discovered during drug development. According to SmithKline, formation of some of the hemihydrate is unavoidable in a facility that is seeded with crystals of the hemihydrate, and the evidence showed that Apotex’s plant has been seeded. SmithKline asserted that now Apotex could not produce PHC anhydrate without making some hemihydrate, or that PHC anhydrate made by Apotex would convert into hemihydrate because it would be exposed to hemihydrate seed crystals and moisture. www.mofo.com /news/updates/files/update02028.html   (2580 words)

Amazon.com: "anhydrate phase": Key Phrase page   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) 5-hydrate phase), calcium (a 0.5-hydrate phase), and strontium (an anhydrate phase) are highly diagnostic of the adduct obtained. 15 times that of the anhydrate phase, this difference was exploited to develop a method for the study of the kin- etics of the aqueous solution-mediated phase... This situation has been realized wth carbamazepine, where the rapid transformation of the anhydrate phase into the dihydrate ensures bioequivalence of the two forms 11351. amazon.com /phrase/anhydrate-phase   (330 words)

Effect of pulverization on hydration kinetic behaviors of creatine anhydrate powders Testing of the hygroscopicity of unpulverized and pulverized creatine anhydrate at various levels of relative humidity (RH) at 25^oC revealed that the anhydrate was stable at less than 33% RH, but was transformed into the monohydrate at more than 52% RH. Hydration data of unpulverized and pulverized creatine anhydrate at 60% and 75% RH were calculated to determine hydration kinetics using various solid-state kinetic models. The transition rate constant of pulverized creatine anhydrate, calculated from the slope of the straight line, was about 1.34-1.36 times higher than that of unpulverized creatine anhydrate. www.aapspharmaceutica.com /search/view.asp?ID=66303   (263 words)

Preparation of an anhydrate form of ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) At example 16, the '031 patent discloses a process in which a solution of ziprasidone free base is taken up in dichloromethane and then reacted with ether saturated with HCl to afford a precipitate which is subsequently filtered, slurried with acetone and filtered again to give ziprasidone hydrochoride hemihydrate. For example, ziprasidone hydrochloride anhydrate has been prepared by prolonged drying in air at 50.degree. However, repeated attempts to prepare the anhydrous form of ziprasidone hydrochloride in our laboratory by using the above mentioned conditions failed to produce the expected anhydrate and instead ziprasidone hydrochloride having variable contents of water, including that corresponding to the hemihydrate form, were obtained. www.freshpatents.com /Preparation-of-an-anhydrate-form-of-5--2--4--12-benzisothiazol-3-yl--1-piperazinyl-ethyl--6-chloro-13-dihydro-2h-indol-2-one-hydrochloride--ziprasidone-hydrochloride--dt20051215ptan20050277651.php   (859 words)

[No title] Hydrate + Heat (Anhydrate + H2O Usually, the amount of water present in a hydrate is in a whole number molar ratio to the moles of anhydrate. Simplified ratio of moles of water to moles of anhydrate7Percent Error for mole ratio of water to anhydrate Calculations 1. Determine the simplified ratio of moles of water to moles of anhydrate. www.wjhsd.net /~ajackson/appchmdecompositionofahydratelab.doc   (1007 words)

Drug Delivery Technology - Article Index The District Court records indicated that during the litigation, the court considered claim 1 of the ‘723 patent to be indefinite and therefore considered claim 1 to be limited to commercially significant amounts of the hemihydrate. However, the CAFC also held that claim 1 of the ‘723 patent was invalid in view of SKB’s public use more than one year prior to the filing of the application that issued as the ‘723 patent. That remains to be seen, but it is not hard to imagine that such a situation (eg, where the patent holder alleges some basis for its contention) may indeed lead to the initiation of an ANDA litigation. www.drugdeliverytech.com /cgi-bin/articles.cgi?idArticle=349   (1490 words)

IP Law Observer: Inherent Anticipation Invalidates Patent On Compound Formed When Unstable Prior Art Compound Degrades SmithKline’s experts presented evidence to the district court that PHC anhydrate is an unstable compound, and that small quantities of PHC anhydrate originally produced by the method disclosed in the ‘196 patent at some point morphed into PHC hemihydrate. Whenever PHC anhydrate is produced, a small quantity of PHC hemihydrate is also produced, and thus, SmithKline argued, production of PHC anhydrate according to the teachings of the ‘196 patent inevitable results in infringement of SmithKline’s ‘723 patent for PHC hemihydrate. Because the ‘196 patent disclosed a method of manufacturing PHC anhydrate that now naturally results in the production of PHC hemihydrate, the ‘196 patent is anticipating prior art that invalidates the ‘723 patent’s claim for PHC hemihydrate. www.iplawobserver.com /2005/04/inherent-anticipation-invalidates.html   (1023 words)

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