Animal cloning - Factbites

Animal cloning - Factbites
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Topic: Animal cloning

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)

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	FDA Issues Draft Executive Summary of its Assessment of Safety of Animal Cloning; Current Voluntary Moratorium on Releasing Animal Clones Remains in Effect
		The draft risk assessment is intended only to address the safety of food from animal clones and the risks to animal clones, and the assessment is only one part of an orderly and public process to address the many facets of the cloning issue.
		The draft assessment also looked at the risks to animal health from cloning, and concluded that, although there were risks to animals involved in the cloning process, cloning technology does not present any type of risk that is not present with other forms of reproduction.
		Cloning is a process that allows livestock breeders and others to replicate their best animals that are then used for breeding stock.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/NEW00968.html

	Cloning Webliography
		A major breakthrough in animal cloning occurred in 1997 when Ian Wilmut and his group at the Roslin Institute in Scotland cloned a sheep (Dolly) using genetic material from a non-embryonic cell, an adult mammary gland cell (3).
		Cloning from adult cells means that it is possible to be more certain ahead of time what the cloned animal will be like.
		This Webliography is intended to help you find the best, most reliable information about animal and human cloning available on the Web.
	www.lib.msu.edu /skendall/cloning (448 words)

	NoPetCloning.org
		The announcement by Korean scientists of the first-ever cloning of a dog is bad news for dogs, and further demonstrates the significant animal welfare problems associated with cloning.
		In its response to AAVS’ petition to regulate pet cloning as a research activity covered by the Animal Welfare Act, USDA has characterized the industry differently, as unregulated “production.” However, the federal agency reserved the right to make future determinations on a “case-by-case” basis and indicated willingness to consider the issue further.
		AAVS remains gravely concerned because USDA’s failure means that the pet cloning industry will continue to operate without any oversight of their animal experimentation procedures.
	www.nopetcloning.org (186 words)

	Pet cloning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pet cloning is the commercial cloning of a pet animal.
		This example of commercial cloning was decried by the Humane Society and other animal welfare groups, saying that the $50,000 cost of producing Little Nicky could have paid for the vaccination and care of a large number of currently homeless cats.
		Cloning creates only a genetic copy of an animal; it does not guarantee an identical personality, which may be formed more by life experiences than genetics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pet_cloning (186 words)

	Fool.com: Cloning Fluffy [Commentary] January 4, 2005
		Cloning is a multi-step process that begins with collecting cells from the animal that is to be cloned, the donor animal.
		Since the clone has the exact same genetic makeup as the donor animal from which the cells are taken, the process has essentially created an identical twin.
		As the company has rolled out its commercial cloning efforts, it has also cloned other kittens (pictures of which can be seen on the company's website).
	www.fool.com /news/commentary/2005/commentary05010402.htm (186 words)

	ABCNEWS.com : Poll: Majority Opposes Cloning
		Religious beliefs fuel much of the opposition: Those who oppose animal, human, and therapeutic cloning are most apt to cite their religious beliefs as the main factor in their opinion.
		Opponents of animal cloning say it's morally wrong and may produce offspring with genetic abnormalities; opponents of therapeutic cloning say it could lead to the creation of a cloned person.
		For both animal and therapeutic cloning, supporters say medical breakthroughs could result.
	abcnews.go.com /sections/scitech/DailyNews/poll010816_cloning.html (500 words)

	Straight out of the Movies: At least one pet has been cloned in the last year. Now pet cloning is being banned. Why?
		If pet cloning becomes available nationwide, many lawmakers and animal activists fear that people will look to pet cloning in order to resurrect some former beloved pet instead of heading to their local animal shelter to adopt an animal in need of a good home.
		But at the dawn of this breakthrough, pet cloning is coming to an end.
		As a result, the already flooded and overwhelmed shelters and rescue groups across the country will become even worse, causing a rise in the number of cats and dogs that will have no other choice than to be euthanized due to crowding issues.
	www.legalzoom.com /articles/article_content/article13312.html (500 words)

	NoPetCloning.org
		The announcement by Korean scientists of the first-ever cloning of a dog is bad news for dogs, and further demonstrates the significant animal welfare problems associated with cloning.
		In its response to AAVS’ petition to regulate pet cloning as a research activity covered by the Animal Welfare Act, USDA has characterized the industry differently, as unregulated “production.” However, the federal agency reserved the right to make future determinations on a “case-by-case” basis and indicated willingness to consider the issue further.
		AAVS remains gravely concerned because USDA’s failure means that the pet cloning industry will continue to operate without any oversight of their animal experimentation procedures.
	www.nopetcloning.org (500 words)

	NIMR :: Mill Hill Essays 1997 :: Cloning
		Cloning is as important to the production of fine wine, the supply of rubber and the fruit harvest as it is to the variety of an English country garden.
		Cloning would have little future, and certainly be of little commercial value, without genetic engineering.
		However, there are two major differences between cloning and inbreeding.
	www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk /MillHillEssays/1997/cloning.htm (2846 words)

	Cloning-Key text
		While the cloning of Dolly was greeted with excitement, whole animal cloning (reproductive cloning) is unlikely to be used routinely until the success rate increases substantially – Dolly was the only successful clone from 277 attempts.
		What made the cloning of Dolly the sheep so remarkable was that she was cloned from the cell of an adult sheep &; something that scientists thought couldn't be done.
		This is known as therapeutic cloning and involves using stem cells to grow new cell types.
	www.science.org.au /nova/043/043key.htm (854 words)

	Cloning vector
		cloning animal cloning human cloning cloning statistics cloning humans cloning dolly cellular cloning animal cloning dolly vanilla tissue cloning vector vector inverter vector machine vector math
		Cloning vectors are small DNA vehicles that carry a foreign (recombinant or not) DNA fragment.
		Cloning Law and Policy at UPenn Extensive bibliography on cloning law and policy; media coverage and analysis; and details of state, federal and international laws on cloning.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Cloning_vector.html (450 words)

	HSUS Statement on the Cloning of Pets
		Cloning is an imperfect science and potentially dangerous for the animals involved, including the clone.
		In fact, a pet's personality, the specific trait that most owners would like to preserve and the attribute that most endears a companion animal to his family, is the trait least likely to be replicated by cloning.
		Given the current pet overpopulation problem, which costs millions of animals their lives and millions in public tax dollars each year, the cloning of pets has no social value and in fact may lead to increased animal suffering.
	www.hsus.org /ace/13318 (450 words)

	Tissue Cloning Is Easy; Reproductive Cloning Isn't
		"Cloning requires the precise reprogramming of the nucleus inserted into an enucleated egg," said Schöler, professor of animal biology and director of Penn's Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research.
		Despite the successful cloning of sheep, pigs and cats, mammalian cloning -- in which an ordinary cell's nucleus is transferred to an egg whose nucleus has been removed -- remains remarkably inefficient.
		Even as it suggests new hurdles for reproductive human cloning, Schöler's work offers new support for the feasibility of therapeutic cloning using embryonic stem cells.
	unisci.com /stories/20022/0515021.htm (559 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com features Pet cloning goes commercial
		Animal rights lobbyists also slam pet cloning as cruel and wasteful, when 17 million US animals are put down in shelters each year because no homes can be found for them.
		US pet owners are being offered a second lease on life for their dying cats by a firm that is offering to clone the animals for about $50 000 per "copy cat".
		"Cloning is a very controversial issue," he said.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /features/312470.htm (559 words)

	NoPetCloning.org
		Californians Against Pet Cloning (CAPC) is a coalition effort led by the American Anti-Vivisection Society, International Center for Technology Assessment, and United Animal Nations.
		CAPC also seeks to inform California citizens about the facts of pet cloning, including concerns for consumer protection, animal welfare, and ethics.
		Two of the three companies selling cloned pets and genetically engineered companion animals are based in California.
	www.nopetcloning.org /capc.shtml (559 words)

	Pet cloning Information
		In its response to AAVS' petition to regulate pet cloning as a research activity covered by the Animal...
		Pet Cloning Under Scrutiny; New Report Questions Science, Animal Welfare, Lack of Oversight, Ethics and Consumer Fraud of Pet Cloning Industry...
		Pet Cloning are great for when you're looking to get better at pet cloning for selfish purposes.
	pet.2greatsite2.info /pet-rats/pet-cloning.html (559 words)

	DoggieNews: Pet Cloning Wars Heats Up
		"Pet cloning companies offer false hope of never having to let go of a pet and are causing harm to animals in the process," the AAVS concluded in a report released yesterday, "Pet Cloning: Separating Facts From Fluff."
		Yesterday, the American Anti-Vivisection Society jumped into arena by petitioning the U.S. Department of Agriculture to regulate pet-cloning companies in the same way it does with other animal research labs under the Animal Welfare Act.
		Even though the cost of procuring a cloned cat is so prohibitive that populations of duplicate-kitties won't be an issue for at least a few years.
	www.doggienews.com /2005/02/pet-cloning-wars-heats-up.htm (559 words)

	Cloning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The banteng cloning project was an exception, as the animal cloned was a distinct genetic lineage and the value of preserving this piece of genetic diversity of an already inbred species outweighed the uncertainties.
		Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells (a clonal population) from a single cell.
		Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism (for example by PCR) and insert it into a second organism (usually via a vector), where it can be used and studied.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloning (2850 words)

	frontline: making babies: human cloning
		Cloning is certainly going to emerge from the fertility clinics that exist in this country and elsewhere around the world, because it's only in the fertility clinics where the technology exists from taking eggs out of a woman's ovary, developing the eggs in a petri dish and putting the embryos back into a woman's uterus.
		I predicted that human cloning would be with us in 10 years and I still believe that is the case, because there is a demand among a small number of people for this technology to have babies.
		Cloning technology, in terms of assisted reproduction, is not something that is really going to have much of a future.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fertility/etc/cloning.html (4395 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cloning
		Scientists later developed more complex cloning techniques using animal embryos.
		Through cloning techniques, scientists have generated new sheep whose milk contains the protein, which is needed by people with the blood-clotting disorder known as hemophilia.
		Opponents to human cloning argue that without proper regulation, cloning could result in such questionable practices as designing babies with chosen genetic qualities so that they are more athletic, beautiful, or intelligent.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761567589 (1272 words)

	A Spark of Science, a Storm of Controversy
		His company, an offshoot of a government-funded research laboratory, was interested in cloning to further its work in transgenic animals, which are animals genetically engineered for medical purposes, such as producing medically useful proteins in their milk or even growing organs that may be able to be used as transplants in humans.
		Although scientists had already cloned embryos, and although Wilmut himself previously took the nucleus from the cell of a developing embryo and successfully implanted it in an unfertilized egg cell, few believed cloning using DNA from a specialized cell, as was achieved by Wilmut with Dolly, was possible.
		Scientists had believed that once DNA was in a specialized cell-- such as a mammary gland cell, a nerve cell, or a muscle cell-- it had lost its ability to issue the generalized commands for all kinds of cells required to create an embryo, and from that a whole animal.
	www.princetoninfo.com /clone.html (2822 words)

	bioethics.net >> Article Topics >> Cloning
		In search of a potential problem with cloning, I investigate the phenomenon of telomere shortening which is caused by cell replication; clones created from somatic cells will have shortened telomeres and therefore reach a state of senescence more rapidly.
		While genetic intervention might fix this problem at some point in the future, I ask whether, absent technological advances, this biological phenomenon undermines the moral permissibility of cloning.
		Mar 12 (Scotsman) Professor Ian Wilmut could be stripped of a prestigious international award worth nearly $150,000 as a result of the ongoing controversy over who really deserves credit for work that resulted in the first successful cloning of a mammal.
	www.bioethics.net /topics.php?catId=4 (275 words)

	BUBL LINK: Cloning
		A list of articles from various editions is provided covering such topics as cloning bans, stem cell rules, cloning deaths, ethical objections, cloning pregnancy, and designer animals.
		Extensive set of annotated links to current literature in ethics broken down by topic, covering moral theory, relativism, pluralism, religion, egoism, utilitarianism, deontology, duty, human rights, anti-theory, gender, race, multiculturalism, virtue, abortion, cloning, euthanasia, punishment, death penalty, ethnicity, sexism, sexual orientation, poverty, welfare, world hunger, animal rights, and environmental ethics.
		A monthly international journal covering all aspects of human and medical genetics, including gene cloning, linkage, complex diseases and mutagenesis, developmental and evolutionary genetics, genetic aspects of tumorigenesis, gene therapy, human behavioural genetics, modifier genes and other genes affecting genotype/phenotype relationships.
	bubl.ac.uk /link/c/cloning.htm (277 words)

	Environmental History: animal PLANET
		Another may be that many of the difficult issues at the intersection of academic studies of the environment (historical or otherwise) and environmental politics have an animal dimension, or even an animal-triggered flashpoint: preservation of threatened ecosystems, overexploitation of resources such as fisheries, emergent diseases, and cloning, to name a few.
		Animals also play a large role in our novellas-that is, accounts of distinctively modern concerns (or distinctively modern variations on these age-old themes), such as species loss through habitat destruction, the simplification of ecosystems through monoculture and invasion, and the modification of organisms by means of biotechnology.
		That may be one reason that animals have been appearing with increasing frequency in the work of environmental historians and of scholars in related disciplines.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3854/is_200404/ai_n9404790 (978 words)

	Pet Cloning, animal cloning, cloning pets, dog cloning, cat cloning, foreverpet
		The scientists at ForeverPet realize that the technology is in place to make the cloning of pets and other animals a routine procedure in the next few years.
		Cloned animals are genetically identical to the original animal.
		Depending on the disposition of the pet, the veterinarian may wish to sedate your animal and administer a local anesthetic.
	www.foreverpet.com /faq.html (978 words)

	Preserve Your Pet With Cloning -- Perpetuate
		Once animal cloning becomes a reality, you may be able to use the preserved DNA to clone your very special pet.
		Dairy producers are cloning elite dairy cows and bulls to increase the supply of superior genetics.
		The possibility of cloning a valued pet provides its owner with a degree of hope.
	www.perpetuate.net (978 words)

	Roslin Institute, Edinburgh
		At present cloning is inefficient and while many clones are apparently normal, a substantial number of cloned animals die late in pregnancy or soon after birth (see cloning for summary statistics).
		Given that the supposed benefit of cloning a pet is an illusion and the harms to the other animals involved would be real, there seems to us no ethical justification for proceeding with this particular application of cloning.
		cloning involves collection of large numbers of eggs from donor animals and the implantation of cloned embryos in a substantial number of surrogate mothers.
	www.ri.bbsrc.ac.uk /news/articles/155.html (978 words)

	Science News : Animal welfare bid to control pet cloning industry, ( Kerala news, India News,Us,UK,Kerala Shopping,Onam Special,Kerala Recipes,Kerala tourism,Hindi Tutor,Malayalam tutor, VCD's, DVD's,Bharatnatyam, Yoga
		"Pet cloning companies offer false hope of never having to let go of a pet and are causing harm to animals in the process," the AAVS concluded in a report, Pet Cloning: Separating Facts From Fluff.
		Several other companies are competing with Genetic Savings & Clone, the industry leader, which has produced about a half-dozen cloned cats so far and aims to achieve the more difficult goal of cloning a dog this year.
		Clones tend to be ordered by people who are grieving the loss of a pet and may have unrealistic expectations of their clones.
	www.keralanext.com /news/index.asp?id=121957 (978 words)

	Animal Welfare and Pet Cloning Ethics
		Another might be if cloning enabled a greater understanding and treatment of serious animal diseases, or perhaps to save an endangered species, although this seems unlikely to be a practicable on the scale that would be needed.
		The company GSC which cloned the cat Cc are pursuing genetic analysis of the cloned embryo at the blastocyst stage to check whether there are defects against a normal animal.
		Cloned primates and dogs have so far proved impossible, but PPL Therapeutics have produced quite a lot of cloned pigs and thus far pigs show almost none of the problems seen in sheep or cattle.
	www.srtp.org.uk /clonin84.htm (978 words)

	Transgenic Animals
		Her telomers are a little shorter than usual for an animal of her age, but whether this has an impact on her health and longevity is unclear.
		To counter this problem, certain human genes can be introduced into farm animals (usually yeast will do the job, too), and when these genes are expressed in the mammary glands of the animals, the post-translationally modified protein can be isolated from milk and be used as a pharmaceutical.
		Whether or not this is a consequence of cloning (which may not set back the biological clock) is as yet unknown.
	photoscience.la.asu.edu /photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/transan.html (978 words)

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)