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Topic: Animal cognition

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	Animal cognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Animal cognition is the title given to a modern approach to the mental capacities of animals.
		The success of cognitive psychology in addressing human mental processes, from the late 1950s on, led to a re-evaluation of the research paradigm, and researchers began to address animal mental processes from the opposite direction, by taking what is known about human mental processes and looking for evidence of comparable processes in other species.
		This is not surprising since for the most part they also reject cognitive analyses of human behaviour, and it is perhaps a category error: in so far as the study of animal cognition exposes new behavioural phenomena, it simply provides more that a radical behaviourist must explain without using mentalistic language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Animal_cognition (1479 words)

	Animal cognition Article, Animalcognition Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The success of cognitive psychology in addressing humanmental processes, from the late 1950s on, led to a re-evaluation of the researchparadigm, and researchers began to address animal mental processes from the opposite direction, by taking what is known abouthuman mental processes and looking for evidence of comparable processes in other species.
		Research in animal cognition continues to use some of the established research techniques of comparative psychology and theexperimental analysis of behavior, such as mazes and Skinner boxes, though it employs them in new varieties (such as the 8-arm maze and water maze that have beenused in many studies of spatial memory) and in new ways.
		The sense in which animals can be said to have consciousness or a self-concept has been hotly debated; it is often referred to as the debateover animal minds.
	www.anoca.org /animals/human/animal_cognition.html (1365 words)

	finalversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For a major part of the twentieth century, (nonhuman) animal psychology was on a behavioristic track that explicitly denied the possibility of a science of animal mind.
		Cognitive ethologists are typically willing to go much further than comparative psychologists by adopting folk-psychological terms to explain the behavior of nonhuman animals.
		First, in discussing concept attribution to nonhuman animals (Allen and Hauser 1991) we suggested that the capacity for distinguishing the appearance of death from death was criterial for possession of the concept of death.
	grimpeur.tamu.edu /~colin/Papers/konstanz.html (5191 words)

	Harvard University Press/Animal Cognition/Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Animal cognition has been in danger of becoming something of a bandwagon, with researchers nourishing their own theoretical idiosyncrasies, speculating on the basis of their own particular experiments on their own particular species.
		Those outside of comparative psychology and cognitive research will be enlightened by reading this careful summation of experimental approaches to questions of animal cognition, along with Vauclair's arguments both for and against continuity between humans and other animals.
		It provides a good introduction to animal cognition for the reader new to the subject, and its crisp approach and fresh organisation of material means that experts, too, will have something to learn from it.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /reviews/VAUANI_R.html (540 words)

	Excerpt from Donald R. Griffin, Animal Minds
		Animal thoughts and emotions presumably concern matters of immediate importance to the animals themselves, rather than kinds of conscious thinking that are primarily relevant to human affairs.
		To the extent that animals make conscious choices about their actions, this will usually entail deciding to do what they perceive as helpful in achieving a desired goal, and the desire often seems to be intense, whether the animal wants something or strives to avoid it.
		Animals encounter so many unpredictable challenges under natural conditions that it would be very difficult if not impossible for any combination of genetic instructions and individual experience to specify in advance the entire set of actions that are appropriate.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/308650.html (6179 words)

	Harvard University Press/Animal Cognition
		He also offers a novel discussion of the ways Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Piagetian concepts may be used to develop models for the study of animal cognition.
		Individual chapters review the current state of our knowledge about specific kinds of cognition in animals: tool use and spatial and temporal representations; social cognition--how animals manage their relational life and the cognitive organization that sustains social behaviors; representation, communication, and language; and imitation, self-recognition, and the theory of mind--what animals know about themselves.
		Given our still limited knowledge of cognitive systems in animals, Vauclair argues, researchers should be less concerned with the "why" question--the evolutionary or ecological explanations for differences in cognition between the species--and more concerned with the "what"--the careful work that is needed to increase our understanding of similarities and differences in cognitive processes.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/VAUANI.html (321 words)

	Animal Cognition Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferris State University’s animal cognition lab consists of two research labs and a colony room to house the pigeons that are used as subjects.
		The goal of the lab is to explore the cognitive abilities of pigeons.
		Weaver’s current experiment explores mechanisms responsible for animal inferences (e.g., knowing that A is greater than C, after being trained that A is greater than B, and that B is greater than C).
	www.ferris.edu /htmls/colleges/artsands/SocSci/AnimalLab (137 words)

	Animal Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When our goal is to put the "simplest" animal at one end of a continuum and humans at the other, we may be limiting our discoveries by asking the wrong question.
		The answer, for those who believe animals communicate among themselves and, like humans, learn to communicate with other species, seems to be that animals do have their own language and can learn other languages.
		For those who believe that animals are only capable of responding to a stimulus for a tangible reward, the answer is that these experiments are nothing more than elaborate survival skills.
	www.pethelp.net /cognit.html (816 words)

	Learn about Animal cognition. Complete listing of Animal cognition. Animal cognition in Smartpedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		1950s on, led to a re-evaluation of the research paradigm, and researchers began to address animal mental processes from the opposite direction, by taking what is known about human mental processes and looking for evidence of comparable processes in other species.
		Temple Grandin has harnessed her unique expertise in animal welfare and the ethical treatment of farm livestock to highlight underlying similarites between humans and other animals.
		artificial intelligence or machine cognition, but have been less interested in including animal cognition in the analysis - despite the fact that the common biological origins of human and animal cognition suggest that there might be greater resemblance, at least in some respects, between human and animal cognition than between human and machine cognition.
	www.smartpedia.com /s/b/Animal_cognition (2079 words)

	Griffin/Allen/Bekoff Combined Cognitive Ethology Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cognitive ethology and the intentionality of animal behavior.
		Cognitive ethology and the treatment of nonhuman animals: How matters of mind inform matters of welfare.
		Ristau, C. Aspects of the cognitive ethology of an injury-feigning bird, the piping plover.
	grimpeur.tamu.edu /~colin/Animals/biblio-combined.html (5760 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Readings in Animal Cognition (Bradford Books) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition by Marc Bekoff
		Taken togther the essays provide the nucleus for an introductory course in animal cognition (cognitive ethology and comparative psychology), philosophy of biology, or philosophy of mind.
		The preface and final chapter, "Ethics and the Study of Animal Cognition," are new.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/026252208X?v=glance (627 words)

	Scientists Map Brain's Primary Memory Network
		It is pressed by the animal, then retracted, followed by a delay period in which the rat must engage in other unrelated activity.
		At the end of the delay, both levers appear, and the animal is supposed to press he lever it did not press at the outset of the trial.
		While the animals were performing, the researchers were recording which neurons in the hippocampus were active and found different patterns, depending on which lever the animal was supposed to choose at end of the trial.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1999/12/991213052125.htm (786 words)

	Animal Cognition 1999
		Animal Cognition is the science of how animals learn and communicate.
		Most of what an animal needs to know is already programmed into their genes.
		Since we cannot normally understand or communicate directly with most other species has with animals in the same way that we communicate with other people, humans have developed three major ways of working with animals for an better understanding of their mental processes: (1) Ethological studies, (2) Behavioral studies, and (3) Interspecific communication.
	www.peace.saumag.edu /faculty/kardas/courses/CS/Student%20Pages/Animal%20Cognition/Animal%20Cognition.html (1101 words)

	Animal cognition and culture
		is the scientific study of animal behavior, especially as it occurs in a natural environment.
		The authors report these patterns suggest that fungus-growing ants succeeded at domesticating multiple cultivars, that the ants are capable of switching to novel cultivars, that single ant species farm a diversity of cultivars, and that cultivars are shared occasionally between distantly related ant species, probably by lateral transfer between ant colonies.
		A recent observation floating around the arachnology world is that salticids (jumping spiders) have some interesting cognitive abilities, in addition to an extraordinary good eyesight.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /ep/Ethology.html (1342 words)

	Animal Cognition \| Animal Thought \| Animal Intelligence \| Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Animal Cognition: A Tribute to Donald A. Riley
		Animal Cognition: Proceedings of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Conference, June 2-4, 1982
		For Piaget, activity and cognition were the origin and cause of...necessarily imply a drastic split from animals: Neither instrumental thought...the objects of...
	www.questia.com /popularSearches/animal_cognition.jsp (599 words)

	Animal Cognition Fellowship at Think Tank - National Zoo\| FONZ
		One research fellowship on animal cognition at the pre- or post-doctoral level is available at Think Tank, an exhibit on animal thinking.
		The exhibit species are orangutans, Sulawesi macaques, leaf-cutter ants and terrestrial hermit crabs.
		Proposed research must focus on cognition, be non-invasive, and must incorporate animal care and public education.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/ThinkTank/CognitionFellowships/default.cfm (135 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - animal cognition
		Brier, S. The cybersemiotic explanation of the emergence of cognition: The explanation of cognition, signification and communication in a non-Cartesian cognitive biology.
		Keywords: animal cognition • autopoiesis • biosemiotics • cognitive biology • communication • cybersemiotics ethology •; sign games • signification.
		Keywords: animal cognition • language • philosophy of biology psychology of language.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/A/AnimalCogn.html (140 words)

	Studies of Animal Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Allen, C., "Animal cognition and animal minds," in P. Machamer & M. Carrier (eds.) (1997) Philosophy and the Sciences of the Mind: Pittsburgh University Press and the Universitätsverlag Konstanz: pp.
		Galef, B. (1988) Imitation in animals: History, definition, and interpretation of data from the psychological laboratory.
		Herman, L. Receptive competencies of language-trained animals, In: Advances in the Study of Behaviour, ed.
	www.philosophy.ucf.edu /animals.html (1947 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Buy Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals with Social Psychology: Experimental and Critical Appro...
		Covering a wide range of key topics, from reasoning and communication to sensation and complex problem solving, this text presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary research on animal cognition.
		Written for anyone with an interest in animal cognition, but without a background in animal behaviour, it endeavours to explain what makes animals tick.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0333923960 (373 words)

	Research of the Emerging Focus BIOLOGY OF COGNITION
		We are working in several laboratories with animals of three taxonomic groups of vertebrates: fish, birds and mammals (including humans).
		In a recent series of experiments, we found that pigeons classified visually complex, natural images (male and female human faces) by means of their global properties, which covaried with the semantic content of the categories.
		Recently we have begun accompanying studies on the perception of biological motion to serve social recognition, the abstraction of three-dimensional structure from motion, and the functional asymmetry of the pigeon brain.
	www.univie.ac.at /zoologie/theo/theoRes.htm (1015 words)

	COGNITIVE SCIENCE: ON ANIMAL COGNITION
		3) The study animal, Rico, is a border collie and was born in December 1994.
		Griffin argued that the complexity of animal behavior implies conscious beliefs and desires, and that an anthropomorphic explanation can be more parsimonious than one built solely on behavioral laws.
		Griffin postulated, "Insofar as animals have conscious experiences, this is a significant fact about their nature and their lives." Animal communication particularly impressed Griffin as implying animal consciousness.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sa040820-4.htm (1474 words)

	Cued and Detached Representations in Animal Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This paper analyzes the function of certain aspects of cognition, like planning, deceiving, self-awareness, and communication.
		Detached representations stand for objects or events that are neither present in the situation nor triggered by some recent situation.
		The inner environment of an animal is defined as the collection of all detached representations.
	lucs.fil.lu.se /Abstracts/LUCS_Studies/LUCS38.html (206 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Principles of Animal Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		With the cognitive revolution in human psychology in the 1960s, psychologists interested in animal behavior began to return to a broader set of questions about information processing in animals.
		Principles of Animal Cognition, by William Roberts, is a systematic, up-to-date review of research in these different areas.
		In addition to courses on animal cognition, the text can be used in courses on learning, animal behavior, ethnology, or general cognition.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0070531382 (346 words)

	Post-Doctoral Position in Animal Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Opportunity to join the University of Nebraska Center for Avian Cognition, an active interdisciplinary research group concerned with a broad array of behavioral and cognitive studies, approached within an evolutionary or ecological perspective.
		The position is part of an NSF and NIMH-supported research program employing operant techniques to investigate the cognitive mechanisms involved in social interactions, building on previous studies of transitive inference in pinyon jays.
		Applicants should have a strong interest or background in animal cognition or cognitive psychology.
	www.animalbehavior.org:8081 /ABS/ABSNews/1111635243 (247 words)

	Animal Cognition - Evolutionary Ecology of Perception Learning and Memory
		We use a number of model systems to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary processes that shape animal cognitive abilities.
		Our experimental approaches are largely empirical and involve coordinating experiments in both the laboratory and the field.
		Dr Victoria Braithwaite or Dr Sue Healy Evolutionary Ecology of Animal Cognition Institute of Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences King's Buildings Edinburgh University Edinburgh.
	cognition.icapb.ed.ac.uk (170 words)

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