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Topic: Animal psychology

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	ScienceDaily: Psychology
		Psychology is an academic and applied field involving the study of the mind and behavior, both human and nonhuman.
		Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
		Psychology -- Psychology is an academic and applied field involving the study of the mind and behavior, both human and nonhuman.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/psychology (1438 words)

	Animal cognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Animal cognition is the title given to a modern approach to the mental capacities of animals.
		For most of the twentieth century, the dominant approach to animal psychology was to use experiments on intelligence in animals to uncover simple processes (such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning) that might then account for the apparently more complex intellectual abilities of human beings.
		The success of cognitive psychology in addressing human mental processes, from the late 1950s on, led to a re-evaluation of the research paradigm, and researchers began to address animal mental processes from the opposite direction, by taking what is known about human mental processes and looking for evidence of comparable processes in other species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Animal_cognition (1479 words)

	Comparative psychology -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Early comparative psychology was concerned to use experiments on animals to discover fundamental principles, especially of learning, that might be applicable to humans.
		Today an animal's psychological constitution is recognised by veterinary surgeons as an important part of its living conditions in domestication or captivity.
		A common cause of disordered behaviour in captive or (A domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement) pet animals is lack of stimulation, inappropriate stimulation, or overstimulation, leading to a change in psychological constitution or behaviour when they are not stimulated enough, stimulated in the wrong way, or overstimulated.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/comparative_psychology.htm (1640 words)

	Society&Animal Forum - Anicare Child
		Animal Models of Human Psychology is a must-read for psychologists and everyone else concerned with the important, urgent, and controversial issues of animal experiments for advancing human health care.
		Animal Models of Human Psychology contributes to the debate on our treatment of nonhuman animals in research by providing an empirical method for evaluating the benefits of the research and the costs to the animals.
		While opponents and proponents of animal research continue their debate, a major survey of psychologists' attitudes toward animal research published in the "American Psychologist" found that over 90% of psychologists who are primarily practitioners rather than researchers indicated that they rarely, never, or only occasionally used findings from psychological research on animals.
	www.psyeta.org /animalmodels.html (623 words)

	MANY FACES: Chap. 13 Comparative Psychology & Animal Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Animal learning came to focus on the mechanisms of behavior and invested much of its energy in detailed exploration of a limited number of species and a small number of experimental preparations.
		In contrast, comparative psychology was moved by the influence of ethologists to consider a broad range of behaviors and species, using a variety of experimental techniques.
		Behavioral work with animals is also essential for the development and testing of psychopharmacological agents, for understanding how commonly abused drugs affect behavior, and for research on the psychological effects of toxins in the environment and in food.
	teachpsych.lemoyne.edu /teachpsych/faces/text/Ch13.htm (9417 words)

	Chapter 2 (1900-1918)
		While Pfungst now considered the position that animal and human minds are not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively different to be experimentally confirmed, he also wanted to further understand the phenomena of expectancy as it is expressed in human-human relationships.
		Loeb was interested in control of animal movement, but Jennings was concerned with a more traditional exploration of the diverse mechanisms whereby organisms actively adapt to their surroundings.
		While Watson's rat psychology attempted to negate the mental gulf between animal and man (by treating human mentality as if it were no different from rat mentality); Yerkes attempted to close the mental gap (by bringing our understanding of the ape's mind closer to that of our own).
	www.comnet.ca /~pballan/C2P1.htm (9008 words)

	Animal Behavior, Comparitive Psychology and Ethology Resources
		The experimental analysis of cognition and behavior in animals.
		Besides discussing established results about cognition and intelligence in animals, an important emphasis is also placed on the logic and evidence used to justify these conclusions.
		It's purpose is to outline the 'meta-theoretical' foundations of evolutionary psychology.
	www.psychology.org /links/Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Animal_Behavior-Instincts (1028 words)

	finalversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Psychology, according to a standard dictionary definition, is the science of mind and behavior.
		For a major part of the twentieth century, (nonhuman) animal psychology was on a behavioristic track that explicitly denied the possibility of a science of animal mind.
		First, in discussing concept attribution to nonhuman animals (Allen and Hauser 1991) we suggested that the capacity for distinguishing the appearance of death from death was criterial for possession of the concept of death.
	grimpeur.tamu.edu /~colin/Papers/konstanz.html (5191 words)

	Discover the best Psychology and Psychology sites
		Filed under Psychology, reference, Relationships, self-help, mental health, health, selfhelp by MissyQ Added 03/24/2007
		Filed under Psychology, mind, mental health, treatment, psychological disorders by MissyQ Added 03/24/2007
		Science the mind and Psychology guide and information.
	www.blinklist.com /tag/Psychology (448 words)

	Animal Psychology by Laura Knight-Jadczyk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The thing is simply that by itself an animal cannot arrive at the idea of a lever.The invention of a lever at once separated primitive man from the animals and it was inseparably connected with the appearance of concepts.
		If an animal senses and measures as motion that which is not motion, it is clear that it cannot apply the same measure to that which is and that which is not motion.
		Thus, in all its relations to the world an animal proves to be completely analogous to the unreal two-dimensional being which we have supposed lived on a plane.
	www.cassiopaea.org /cass/wave6.htm (13053 words)

	The role of nature and nurture in the development of behaviour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Animal behaviour: A synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology, McGraw Hill, New York.
		"Animal behaviour is the bridge between the molecular and physiological aspects of biology and the ecological.
		In view of the amount of time that television devotes to animal films and the amount of money that people spend on nature books there is much more public interest in animal behaviour than in neutrons and neurons.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year1/psy128animal_behaviour/animbeha.htm (3929 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Yerkes & Morgulis (1909)
		He contends, with reason, that the salivary reflex method possesses the four essential characteristics of a scientific method in psychology: (a) it is general, in its applicability to the study of psychic processes; (b) it is constant; (c) it permits accurate measurement; and (d) it is specific.
		It seems, therefore, as if Pawlow's method were especially important in animal psychology as a means to the intensive study of the mental life of a limited number of mammals.
		An animal after having been tested for its normal reaction and prepared for the experiments by the creation of a salivary fistula, was trained until a definite 'conditioned' reflex appeared in connection with some particular sound.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Yerkes/pavlov.htm (6212 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Biology: Zoology: Animal Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Animal and Plant Sciences - Research conducted at University of Sheffield, United Kingdom, that includes evolution and behavior studies.
		Animal Behavior - Daniel Mills and Gill Sheppard describe an evolutionary approach to the analysis, assessment and treatment of behavior problems.
		Animal Behavior and Sociobiology - Lecture on sociobiological behavior based on experimental animal observation from McMaster University, Canada.
	dmoz.org /Science/Biology/Zoology/Animal_Behavior (628 words)

	Behaviorism, Social Control, Behavioral Psychology, and Denial of Man's Mind and Soul
		Behavioral psychology or behaviorism is a direct descendant of animal psychology.
		During the period before Wundt's ascendancy in the field, psychology was considered to be the study of the soul or mind (psyche).
		He extrapolated "laws" from his research into animal behavior which he then applied to the training of teachers, who took what they had learned to every corner of the United States and ran their classrooms, curricula, and schools on the basis of this new "educational" psychology.
	www.sntp.net /behaviorism/behaviorism_main.htm (3591 words)

	CISAB \| Careers in Animal Behavior
		A smaller number are found in departments of anthropology, sociology, entomology, animal and poultry science, wildlife biology, ecology, or in medical or veterinary colleges.
		Most animal behavior jobs exist within larger academic departments such as zoology or psychology, and animal behaviorists usually teach in related disciplines such as physiology, ecology, and herpetology.
		Although animal behavior is a growing discipline, competition for jobs in teaching and research is very keen, and job opportunities in colleges and universities are not expected to expand greatly in the foreseeable future.
	www.indiana.edu /~animal/help/careers.html (1678 words)

	Classics in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One important corollary of this view was that scientists who wished to understand the consciousness of animals could do so, despite their inability to experience the world as animals do, by analogy to the more elementary characteristics of human consciousness.
		Parsimony in the attribution of mentality to animals, in other words, was to be prerequisite to the scientific use of the comparative method.
		Experimentation was introduced into the study of animal behavior as early as the 1870s in the work of Douglas Alexander Spalding who, among other things, systematically manipulated the visual experience of newborn chicks in order to assess the relevance of such experience to the emergence of visually guided pecking.
	www.thoemmes.com /psych/washburn.htm (1203 words)

	Amazon.com: The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life: Books: Robert Wright (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Evolutionary psychology shows us that men lie, cheat and hustle relentlessly for sex, while women manipulate available males into caring for their offspring, and if possible for children fathered by other males.
		The Moral Animal remains an outstanding opus and one that has helped introduce a large readership to the power and efficacy of evolutionary psychology, a scientific approach to psychology that will, I believe, replace the old paradigms currently holding sway in our universities.
		Wright is an excllent author; "The Moral Animal" is on par with his "NonZero" and his excellent essays in "The Atlantic" and "The New Republic." He is a master in the authorial class.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/084466927X?v=glance (2178 words)

	Animal Psychology \| Comparative Psychology \| Animal Behavior\| Questia.com OnlineLibrary
		Psychology, Comparative--Congresses...Zentall Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky...Mardi Gras Symposium: Animal...
		animal behavior in the fields of animal psychology and in behavioral ecology...Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1981...Journal of...
		Thorndike and the Origins of Animal Psychology: On the Nature of the Animal in Psychology, in American Psychologist
	www.questia.com /popularSearches/animal_psychology.jsp (494 words)

	Animal Behavior Program in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Metacognition in animals: Using computerized perceptual and memory tasks, joystick-trained rhesus monkeys are provided with an "uncertain response" that allows them to bail out of trials of their choosing.
		The goal is to determine whether some animals, like humans, know when they know, and know when they do not know or are uncertain.
		Students generally do advanced work with the members of the Animal Behavior Program faculty, however, depending on interests in particular specialties, students are encouraged to work with other members of the psychology faculty or in some instances professors in other departments.
	www.umt.edu /psych/animal (815 words)

	An Interesting Career in Psychology: Psychology in Animal Programs
		This led to an exploration of what turned out to be a wide variety of careers available in the animal and conservation arena (it turns out that my high school biology teacher was incorrect that the only animal-related career is that of a veterinarian).
		The AZA is a very strong, very active professional association that accredits North American zoos and aquariums that are dedicated to providing excellent care for animals, a great experience for their guests, and a better future for all living things.
		This means that my team is responsible for the animal care, the veterinary care, the education and the science programs in the areas of Walt Disney World where we take care of animals, including Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Disney’s Animal Kingdom Lodge, Epcot’s The Living Seas, and the Tri-Circle D Ranch at Fort Wilderness.
	www.apa.org /science/psa/ic-ogden.html (1102 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Readings in Animal Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Taken togther the essays provide the nucleus for an introductory course in animal cognition (cognitive ethology and comparative psychology), philosophy of biology, or philosophy of mind.
		Selections are grouped in five sections: Perspectives on Animal Cognition; Cognitive and Evolutionary Explanations; Recognition, Choice, Vigilance, and Play; Communication and Language; and Animal Minds.
		The preface and final chapter, "Ethics and the Study of Animal Cognition," are new.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/026252208X (385 words)

	CANDLAND.ORG - Academic Vita of Douglas Candland
		BBC (4) "The Rise and Rise of Animals Rights," two parts, (commentator on changes in public perception of animals), October, 2000.
		Professor of Psychology and Animal Behavior, Bucknell University, 1985-Present.
		Animal Models of Human Psychology, Critique of Science, Ethics, and Policy.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /dcandlan (2030 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Principles of Animal Cognition: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		With the cognitive revolution in human psychology in the 1960s, psychologists interested in animal behavior began to return to a broader set of questions about information processing in animals.
		Since most students know little about the psychology of non-human species, their eyes will have been opened to the fact that animals perceive the world in complex ways.
		In addition to courses on animal cognition, the text can be used in courses on learning, animal behavior, ethnology, or general cognition.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0070531382 (432 words)

	ABC Online Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The impression I got was that the O/C behavior was easily brought on in animals, as they are "creatures of habit".
		Animal psychology is big business, especially in USA.
		In other animals there is usually an obvious cause, usually bad treatment, for their problems.
	www2b.abc.net.au /science/scribblygum-old/posts/topic37105.shtm (4072 words)

	Animal Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Animal Behaviorists A nice description of the professional lives of animal behaviorists
		Psychology, Culture and Evolution Evolutionary issues in the psychology of art, communication, and consciousness
		Research with Animals in Psychology A defense of animal research from the American Psychological Association
	www.psychwww.com /resource/bytopic/animal.html (198 words)

	SOSIG: Animal Experimental and Comparative Psychology
		Psychology Home > Psychology > Animal Experimental and Comparative Psychology"-->
		You are here : Home > Psychology Home > Psychology > Animal Experimental and Comparative Psychology
		Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Animals
	www.sosig.ac.uk /roads/subject-listing/World-cat/comppsych.html (82 words)

	I.E.A.P.-Dennis C. Turner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Institute for applied Ethology and Animal Psychology, I.E.T. in the German language, is a private, scientific institute that was founded in 1991 by the internationally known behavioural researcher, Dennis C. Turner (see below).
		Most activities of I.E.A.P. concern the behaviour of domestic animals, particularly cats and dogs, and humancompanion animal relationships and their consequences for the health and wellbeing of both relationship partners.
		Research observations on companion animals are conducted either in private households and neighbourhoods, on farms in the countryside, in animal shelters and kennels, or in institutions with animal-assisted therapy programmes, e.g.
	www.turner-iet.ch /ieap.html (754 words)

	Animal Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		They manage to appear at the door when one comes home, they disappear when it is time to visit the veterinarian, and they always know when a can of tuna is being opened, even when out of earshot.
		Kitty's work owes much to eminent animal behaviorist Patrick McDonnell's landmark study of feline E.S.P. McDonnell documented how a sleeping cat named "Mooch" sensed that his owner was about to read some papers spread across a desk in another room.
		One may view the original case report in its entirety at a special Web site set up in tribute to McDonnell's groundbreaking work in Animal Psychology.
	www.worldoftile.com /Scientific/animal.html (483 words)

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