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Topic: Animal shell

Related Topics

Seashell

Mother of pearl

Mantle (mollusc)

Nacre

Shell

Shell (projectile)

Mollusk

Pearl

Mollusca

Carapace

Ectoderm

Mollusca

Shell Oil

Bivalvia

	Animal shell Summary
		The shell begins to form as tiny crystals of calcium carbonate are exuded onto a matrix of conchiolin, a brownish, horn-like material composed of proteins and polysaccharides produced by the animal.
		It is sometimes erroneously claimed that shells are made of chitin, but these are unrelated materials (except for their hardness and use as a covering by animals).
		Nacre is continually deposited onto the inner surface of the animal's shell (the iridescent nacreous layer also known as mother of pearl), both as a means to smoothen the shell itself and as a defense against parasitic organisms and damaging detritus.
	www.bookrags.com /Animal_shell (879 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Animal shell
		A shell may be made of nacre (a combination of calcium and protein), chitin, bone and cartilage, or silica.
		Shells are composite materials of calcium carbonate, found either as calcite or aragonite and organic macromolecules, mainly proteins and polysaccharides.
		Nacre is continually deposited onto the inner surface of the animal's shell (the iridescent nacreous layer also known as mother of pearl), both as a means to smooth the shell itself and as a defense against parasitic organisms and damaging detritus.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Animal_shell (1112 words)

	Animal shell - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A shell may be made of nacre (a combination of calcium and protein), chitin, bone and cartilage, or silica.
		Nacre is continually deposited onto the inner surface of the animal's shell (the iridescent nacreous layer also known as mother of pearl), both as a means to smooth the shell itself and as a defense against parasitic organisms and damaging detritus.
		Another group of sea creatures with a shell are the now-extinct ostracoderms ("shell-skins"), a type of armoured marine fish which flourished in North America and Europe during the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian geological periods.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Sea_shell (1160 words)

	Animal shell - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While many animals, particularly those that live in the sea, produce exoskeletons, usually only those of mollusks are considered to be shells.
		It is sometimes said that shells are made of chitin, but these are unrelated materials (except for their hardness and use as a covering by animals).
		Nacre is continually deposited onto the inner surface of the animal's shell (the iridescent nacreous layer, also known as mother of pearl), both as a means to smoothen the shell itself and as a defense against parasitic organisms and damaging detritus.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Animal_shell (308 words)

	ScienceDaily: Animal shell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Researchers Expand Dating Of Marine Animals To Brachiopods (December 4, 2000) -- Monica Carroll, a master's student in geological sciences at Virginia Tech, and colleagues at Virginia Tech and other universities have expanded the dating of marine animals beyond mollusks to...
		Penguins Ingest Mollusk Shells To Obtain Calcium For Thicker Eggshells (May 11, 2004) -- It is virtually impossible for a prospective Magellanic penguin mother to find or build a soft spot to lay her eggs.
		Animal shell -- The hard, rigid outer calcium carbonate covering of certain animals is called a shell.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Animal_shell (1467 words)

	Mollusk- Clipart ETC
		Plumatella "Their shells are usually of a leathery texture, nearly transparent, and usually spring from a root-stalk of similar consistence, which creeps along upon the surface of stones or aquatic plants, in which situations these animals are not uncommon." — Goodrich, 1859
		Cleodora pymidata "The shell of the cleodora pymidata is triangular." — Goodrich, 1859
		Reverse Shell A shell reversed in its spiral.
	etc.usf.edu /clipart/galleries/Animals/mollusk_2.htm (1862 words)

	PBS - The Voyage of the Odyssey - Track the Voyage - Kiribati
		The shells are shut together and held closed by two large adductor muscles, this seals the animal shell, protecting it from predatory attack.
		The shells are shut together and held closed by two large adductor muscles, this seals the animal shell, protecting its vital organs from predatory attack.
		The large shell is built up over time as the animal secretes proteins and inorganic substances such as calcium, which it then adds like building blocks to the thick, rough outer layer of the shell, its size and form being a function of the rate of shell deposition.
	www.pbs.org /odyssey/odyssey/20001101_log_transcript.html (577 words)

	Wholesale seashells pricing on craft seashells, display seashells, sand dollars, starfish and bulk seashells from ...
		Mollusks are invertebrate animals (think of a snail) with an unsegmented, basically symmetrical body, generally consisting of head, foot, visceral hump and mantle.
		Ark shells are commonly used as bait as well as food throughout the Caribbean.
		The Whelk is an active predator, and pries open a clam or oyster shell by surrounding it with its muscular foot.
	www.seashellworld.com (581 words)

	Shell Trumpets- Experimental Musical Instruments
		But the association of shells with water, and the sea especially, is also at the basis of the many of the ceremonial uses of shell trumpets around the world.
		Shell trumpets have often been used at great distances from the sea, and this has contributed to the sacredness of their sounds.
		The apex of a univalve gastropod such as a conch or a snail is the oldest part of the shell (the place where the young animal started growing): in blowing a shell trumpet the sound is passing from the oldest place to the youngest - from the past towards the present.
	www.furious.com /perfect/shells.html (3208 words)

	Insulated shelter for pet animals and method of manufacture thereof - Patent 4962729 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In one broad aspect the present invention is a shelter for pet animals comprised of a molded unitary thermoplastic shell having a concave interior surface defining a cavity for sheltering a pet animal wherein the structure of the shell is formed as a solidified foam core encased within a rigid skin.
		The tough and non-porous characteristics of the polyethylene surface of the animal shelter of the invention prevent fleas and ticks from burrowing and incubating in the shelter.
		Nevertheless, the exposed surfaces of the animal shelter are solid and the structural strength of the animal shelter is adequate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4962729.html (4404 words)

	massagetoday.com
		The ark shell comes from a marine bivalve animal, arca granosa L., which is related to the clam, and is found predominantly along the coasts of Europe and the eastern part of the United States.
		Unlike most bivalves, the animal's blood and tissues contain hemoglobin, which give it a reddish appearance and has earned it the nickname of "sea ham." The animal's shell is small and heart-shaped, with straight-lined striations that give the shell a ruffled, or ridged, appearance.
		Ark shell is often used as a decoction; the recommended dose varies between 9 and 30 grams of crushed ark shell, decocted in water for oral administration.
	www.massagetoday.com /topics/herbcentral/ark_shell.php (344 words)

	SpaTherapy.com \| Ark Shell
		The ark shell comes from a marine bivalve animal, arca granosa L., which is related to the clam, and is found predominantly along the coasts of Europe and the eastern part of the United States.
		Unlike most bivalves, the animal's blood and tissues contain hemoglobin, which give it a reddish appearance and has earned it the nickname of "sea ham." The animal's shell is small and heart-shaped, with straight-lined striations that give the shell a ruffled, or ridged, appearance.
		Ark shell is often used as a decoction; the recommended dose varies between 9 and 30 grams of crushed ark shell, decocted in water for oral administration.
	www.spatherapy.com /herbcentral/ark_shell.php (352 words)

	Animal Planet :: Reptile Guide :: Turtles, Tortoises & Terrapins
		The shells of turtles with metabolic bone disease are often deformed, with the rear area of the carapace pulled downward, and the marginal scutes pulled upward.
		Turtles with ulcerative shell lesions should be examined and treated by a veterinarian, as the ulcers may become infected and penetrate through the shell.
		Although the shell has a remarkable ability to repair itself, any turtle with an injury to the shell should be examined by a veterinarian immediately.
	animal.discovery.com /guides/reptiles/turtles/anatomy_02.html (506 words)

	85.07.01: Shells
		These animal shells are a series of eight arched hard overlapping valves inside the mantle of the organism.
		The thick, dull white, ridged shell indicates that clams grow throughout their life and the ridges or growth lines found on the outside of the shell indicates the age of the shell.
		The class should display their shells and discuss where the shells were located such as under a log or buried in the sand.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/7/85.07.01.x.html (4845 words)

	Nutritional Wellness \| Ark Shell (wa leng zi)
		The ark shell comes from a marine bivalve animal, arca granosa L., which is related to the clam, and is found predominantly along the coasts of Europe and the eastern part of the United States.
		Unlike most bivalves, the animal's blood and tissues contain hemoglobin, which give it a reddish appearance and has earned it the nickname of "sea ham." The animal's shell is small and heart-shaped, with straight-lined striations that give the shell a ruffled, or ridged, appearance.
		Ark shell is often used as a decoction; the recommended dose varies between 9 and 30 grams of crushed ark shell, decocted in water for oral administration.
	www.nutritionalwellness.com /nutrition/herbs/a/ark_shell.php (387 words)

	The Mollis Clans - A Celebration of Molluscan Diversity by Ronald L. Shimek, Ph.D. - Reefkeeping.com
		If we consider animals, most of the animal biomass on a coral reef is, indeed, coral, but in terms of the number of different types of animals, corals come up short.
		The animal group with the greatest degree of diversity, determined by the number of species, found on coral reefs or in the oceans, for that matter, is the mollusks.
		The shell is secreted by the mantle, a specialized structure that covers the dorsal or upper part of the animal.
	reefkeeping.com /issues/2002-08/rs/index.htm (3783 words)

	The Mollis Clans - A Celebration of Molluscan Diversity by Ronald L. Shimek, Ph.D. - Reefkeeping.com
		If we consider animals, most of the animal biomass on a coral reef is, indeed, coral, but in terms of the number of different types of animals, corals come up short.
		The animal group with the greatest degree of diversity, determined by the number of species, found on coral reefs or in the oceans, for that matter, is the mollusks.
		The shell is secreted by the mantle, a specialized structure that covers the dorsal or upper part of the animal.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2002-08/rs/index.php (3783 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The nautilus shell is composed of 2 layers: the outer layer is a matte white, while the inner layer is a striking white with iridescence.
		The innermost portion of the shell is pearlescent, blue-gray.
		Instead of vision, the animal is thought to use olfaction as the primary sensory means during foraging, locating or identifying potential mates.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Nautilus (999 words)

	Khongfakthai.com - Product from shell, horns, animal bones and coconut husks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shell that are used as material for handicraft making in Thailand are of two types : the univalve and the bivalve.
		Sea shells are mostly found in the Andaman Sea in southern provinces like Rayong, Krabi, Phang-nga, Phuket, Satoon, including Surat Thani, a province on the east coast.
		Now, artisans also produce souvenirs from animal bones and as well as carving, they pound the bones into powder which they put into moulds and produce various articles that look like pieces of sculpture; sometimes, to make them more beautiful, these are also painted.
	www.khongfakthai.com /shell_content.php (581 words)

	Learn to Identify and Understand Fossils
		Usually, it is a cast of the animal’s shell, or in the case of plants, an impression of a leaf or stem.
		Since the hard parts of an animal, its shell in particular, remain in ocean sediments long after their softer flesh has disappeared, they are usually our only hint of what type of creatures lived in a particular time period.
		This animal was clearly an Arthropod (the group of animals containing all the insects, spiders and crustaceans, as well as the extinct trilobites) but he found that it didn't fit into any Arthropod group known to exist today.
	www.mountainnature.com /Geology/Fossils.htm (1271 words)

	www.arrowheadreptilerescue.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Before releasing any turtle in the wild, attempt to confirm that the animal is a wild turtle and not a captive pet.
		Do not keep the animal any longer than is necessary to transport to a safe release location or a wildlife rehabilitator.
		If a turtle has only ONE crack in the shell, and the fracture is less than 2" long, and it is in the center of the shell and not at the edge, and there is no blood present, and there is no gap or separation of shell pieces, and the pieces are not moveable…
	www.arrowheadreptilerescue.org /wildlife/turtletriage.htm (728 words)

	ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Issues Update on Cocoa Bean Shell Mulch Fertilizer Warning
		In response to increasing reports of dogs consuming cocoa bean shell mulch fertilizer, a retrospective examination of case data collected from January 2002 to April 2003 was conducted by the ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) Animal Poison Control Center.
		The study concluded that dogs consuming cocoa bean shell mulch fertilizer may become ill, exhibiting signs consistent with methylxanthine toxicosis, which is similar to those seen with chocolate poisonings.
		There was a clear observation and/or evidence of ingestion and the managing veterinarian assessed the animals' clinical signs as having a medium to high likelihood of being related to the cocoa bean shell mulch exposure.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1275&articleid=3004 (541 words)

	Mollusk- Clipart ETC
		Cephalopoda "Cephalopoda is a class of mollusks, the highest in organization of the division of the animal kingdom.
		Shells of the great clam "The Giant Clam, Tridacna gigas, is the largest of known shell-fish, the two valves sometimes weighing five hundred pounds, and the animal from twenty to thirty pounds.
		Foolscap Limpet A limpet having the shell pileate in form, with rounded apeture, posterior spirally recurved apex, and horseshoe-shpaed muscular impressions.
	etc.usf.edu /clipart/galleries/Animals/mollusk.htm (1766 words)

	shell \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Shell (theater)Thin-shell structure, a method of building constructionShell Turbo Chargers, a defunct basketball team in the Philippines.
		Note 2: A shell may take its input from either a user terminal or from a file.
		The commonest Unix shells are the c shell (csh) and the Bourne shell (sh).
	www.babylon.com /definition/shell/English (278 words)

	Freshwater Detective
		Animal is short, about 10mm, worm-like creature with two or more groups of bristles or breathing tubes, reddish or greenish in colour.
		Animal is large, 20-50mm, six legs, no tail bristles of feelers, hinged jaws, often greenish or brownish in colour.
		Animal is free swimming underwater, six legs and two 'feelers', has rounded body and hard, glossy wing covers; looks like a beetle; body 10-40mm.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/env_facts/freshwater_detective.html (565 words)

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