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Topic: Anion

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Solvation

Ion

Chloride

Hydroxyl group

Ionic liquid

Phosphate

Halogen

Salt

Acid

Phosphoric acid

Corrosion

Chlorite

Citric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Dissociation (chemistry)

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	Anion Air
		Anion (negative charged ions) are odorless, tasteless, and invisible molecules that we inhale in abundance in certain environments.
		Once they reach our bloodstream, Anions are believed to produce biochemical reactions that increase levels of the mood chemical serotonin, helping to alleviate depression, relieve stress and, boost our daytime energy.
		Generally speaking, Anions increase the flow of oxygen to the brain; resulting in higher alertness, decreased drowsiness, and more mental energy.
	www.anionair.com (643 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Anion gap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Anion gap (pronounced an-eye-on gap) is a measurement of the anions in the arterial blood (besides chloride and bicarbonate anions).
		The anion gap measurement is taken from the blood serum or blood plasma.
		The main anions in the blood (besides chloride and bicarbonate) are phosphate (a type of salt), organic acids (types of acids), sulfate (usually a combination of a metal with a type of acid called sulfuric acid), and proteins in the blood plasma.
	www.medfriendly.com /aniongap.html (1364 words)

	anion - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Anions can be formed from nonmetals by reduction (see oxidation and reduction) or from neutral acids (see acids and bases) or polar compounds by ionization.
		Anion gap in turpentine-induced pleural effusions: correlation with pH and protein level.
		Adjustable capacity anion exchangers and their application in ion chromatography.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-anion.html (360 words)

	Metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Anion gap is defined as the difference between measured serum cations and anions.
		The anion gap is calculated by subtracting the sum of serum bicarbonate and chloride from the serum sodium (Table 2).
		An increased anion gap may be caused by an accumulation of organic acids, such as that seen in lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, toxic ingestions and acute renal failure.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n4_v39/ai_7609829 (786 words)

	Should the actual or the corrected serum sodium be used to calculate the anion gap in diabetic ketoacidosis?
		The anion gap (the serum sodium concentration minus the sum of the serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations) is useful in estimating the concentration of other anions not usually measured—notably, ketones such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate.
		Since all of the components of the anion gap calculation are concentrated or diluted to the same extent, the anion gap is minimally altered—too little to interfere with proper interpretation of the acid-base status.
		The accompanying anion (in this case beta-hydroxybutyrate) is retained in the plasma and is an "unmeasured" anion.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /ccjm/august2001/beck.htm (968 words)

	ANION - Methodology
		Anion's methodology is a proven process that governs and directs all the diverse skills and expertise of our project teams, from the initial definition to final solutions delivery.
		The methodology adopted by Anion enables it to effectively serve its clients by exceeding client expectations; promoting consistent and efficient service; combining strategic, creative, and technical capabilities minimizing the time it takes to deliver the service.
		Anion collects information relevant to the project objective and carries out market research, industry analysis, competitive analysis in order to learn the clients' business and goals by talking to them at length.
	www.anion.com /Services/Methodology.htm (369 words)

	Anion Exchange to Remove Arsenic from Drinking Water : NS Environment and Labour, Water
		With anion exchange, water passes through a resin bed which removes arsenic by exchanging it for a non-toxic substance attached to the bed.
		Anion exchange units are generally installed at the point-of-entry — where the water enters the home or building.
		If the anion exchange is not properly maintained, the arsenic contained on the resin bed may rapidly detach, leading to higher levels of arsenic in the treated water than the raw water.
	www.gov.ns.ca /enla/water/arsenicremovalanion.asp (640 words)

	Anion, Vitamin E, and Se Supplementation
		These anions are helpful to counteract the deleterious effects of high dietary K on Ca status in the peripartum period.
		Although it is not possible to determine which anions were supplemented from this initial report, there was a linear decrease in urine pH as DCAD was lowered and some anions were beneficial to increase blood ionized Ca; however, practically, feed intake depression may be a concern with the -25.3 meq treatment.
		The primary objective of anion supplementation and changing the DCAD should be to affect acid-base status enough to cause desired changes in entry of Ca into the blood pool in response to hypocalcemia.
	www.dcadbalance.com /Fact_sheets/Beede/Beede.htm (8684 words)

	Anion Gap
		The Anion Gap is an approximate measurement of ions, that is molecules with a charge, either negative or positive.
		The electrical potential between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell is basis for nearly all transactions that occur with in the cell.
		The Anion Gap is decreased by free radical pathology due to overproduction of alkaloids.
	www.drkaslow.com /html/anion_gap.html (533 words)

	Layered Double Hydroxide and its Anion Exchange Capacity
		The maximum theoretical anion exchange capacities of 2.8 meq/g was hardly achieved in most cases but in some cases experimental value exceeded the theoretical anion exchange capacity.
		Anion exchange capacity has been tested with LDH after drying at 150ºC and/or heat treatment at 450ºC. 0.01N and 0.1N NaCl solutions were prepared using decarbonated water to cover low and high Cl concentration ranges for the measurement of anion exchange capacity.
		We investigated the crystallinities, morphology and anion exchange capacities of Mg-Al-LDH with varing Mg/Al molar ratio and ageing temperature.
	www.azom.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=2997 (2923 words)

	Anion Gap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The "normal" anion gap is due to the presence of various unmeasured anions, e.g.
		An increased anion gap indicates the presence of excessive amounts of one or more of these anions or of some other anion.
		Since UC cannot change enough to affect the anion gap and still be compatible with life, UC can be dropped from the equation.
	www.diaglab.vet.cornell.edu /clinpath/modules/chem/angap.htm (298 words)

	3.2 The Anion Gap
		The term anion gap (AG) represents the concentration of all the unmeasured anions in the plasma.
		The acid anions (eg lactate, acetoacetate, sulphate) produced during a metabolic acidosis are not measured as part of the usual laboratory biochemical profile.
		Albumin is the major unmeasured anion and contributes almost the whole of the value of the anion gap.
	www.anaesthesiamcq.com /AcidBaseBook/ab3_2.php (581 words)

	Anion Gap
		Measuring the gap between measured cation and anion levels provides information about the level of anions (including sulfate, phosphate, organic acids such as ketone bodies and lactic acid, and proteins) that are not routinely measured in laboratory tests.
		An increased anion gap indicates an increase in one or more of the unmeasured anions (sulfate, phosphates, organic acids such as ketone bodies and lactic acid, and proteins).
		A decreased anion gap is rare but may occur with hypermagnesemia and paraproteinemic states, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
	www.health-care-clinic.org /medical-tests/anion-gap.htm (588 words)

	Hydrolysis of Oxoanions
		As with cations, if the interaction between the anion and the hydrogen of the water is sufficiently strong, the hydrogen can be removed from the water generating a hydroxide ion resulting in a basic solution.
		When determining the basicity of an oxo anion, the size of the nonmetal atom (or high oxidation state metal atom) is not relevant.
		The oxo anions having the smallest central atoms are those of the Period 2 p-block.
	www.wou.edu /las/physci/ch412/oxoanion.htm (1320 words)

	Urine Anion Gap: Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center
		The measured cations and anions in the urine are Na+, K+, and Cl- ; thus the urine anion gap is equal to:
		Because of the rise in urinary Cl-, the urine anion gap which is also called the urinary net charge, becomes negative, ranging from -20 to more than -50 meq/L. The negative value occurs because the Cl- concentration now exceeds the sum total of Na+ and K+.
		Remember that in most cases the diagnosis may be clinically obvious (severe diarrhea is hard to miss) and consideration of the urinary anion gap is not necessary.
	fitsweb.uchc.edu /student/selectives/TimurGraham/Urine_Anion_Gap.html (316 words)

	Anion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An anion is an ion with negative charge.
		When naming compounds, the anion is always named last and the cation first.
		A monatomic anion is named by taking the first part of the element name and adding -ide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anion (109 words)

	The Molecular Pharmacology of Organic Anion Transporters: from DNA to FDA? -- Eraly et al. 65 (3): 479 -- Molecular ...
		Eraly SA, Hamilton BA, and Nigam SK (2003b) Organic anion and cation transporters occur in pairs of similar and similarly expressed genes.
		Feng B, Dresser MJ, Shu Y, Johns SJ, and Giacomini KM (2001) Arginine 454 and lysine 370 are essential for the anion specificity of the organic anion transporter, rOAT3.
		Nagata Y, Kusuhara H, Endou H, and Sugiyama Y (2002) Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/65/3/479 (6738 words)

	Anion \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The simplest ions are the proton (a hydrogen ion, H+, positive charge), and alpha particle (helium ion, He2+, consisting of two protons and two neutrons).
		A negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shells than it has protons in its nuclei, is known as an anion (pronounced an-eye-on), for it is attracted to anodes; a positively-charged ion, which has fewer electrons than protons, is known as a cation (pronounced cat-eye-on), for it is attracted to cathodes.
		A polyatomic anion that contains oxygen is sometimes known as an oxyanion.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Anion/English (204 words)

	Specific arginine and threonine residues control anion binding and transport in the light-driven chloride pump ...
		In the photochemical cycles of the mutants T111V and Q105E, a red-shifted absorbing intermediate is enriched indicating retarded anion uptake.
		On the cytoplasmic side, mutations do not change anion binding properties of the unphotolyzed protein, but slow down anion release thereby reducing the chloride transport activity and the photocycling rate.
		A model for the anion transport mechanism in HR is suggested comprising the specific functions of channel-lining residues.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v16/n13/abs/7590358a.html (260 words)

	Hamilton HPLC - Anion Exchange Columns
		Hamilton polymeric, Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) anion exchange HPLC Columns are used in quality assurance as well as research and development laboratories because they last significantly longer than silica-based anion exchange columns.
		The six anion exchange column packings listed below can be used to separate inorganic and organic anions, large molecular weight proteins, DNA and carbohydrates.
		Polymeric column packing for separation of inorganic and organic anions from 20 ppb to 20 ppm.
	www.hamiltoncompany.com /newdev/HPLC/anion.asp (132 words)

	Anion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		This weak anion exchanger is a crosslinked polyethyleneimine support.
		Our anion exchange columns permit analysis of proteins up to molecular weights of 200,000 daltons and have excellent recoveries and loading capacity.
		Chromatofucusing can also be performed on our weak anion exchange columns due to their broad titration curves and high buffering capacity.
	www.analytical-sales.com /anion.htm (160 words)

	Anion definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Anion definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		An anion is as opposed to a cation, which is a positively charged ion.
		Electrolytes - Electrolytes in the body need to be maintained for bodily fluid function.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20153 (111 words)

	anion - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ion, types of atomic isotopes, definition, hydrogen anions, table of common ions
		Ions are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms.
		Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=anion (106 words)

	Transport of uncharged organic solutes in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell anion exchangers (AE1s) -- Fiévet ...
		anion exchangers when they are expressed in oocytes.
		the greater the anion conductance, the greater the urea transport.
		Anion conductance was measured by the two electrode voltage clamp technique (see Experimental Procedures).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/18/10996 (3920 words)

	Anion Transport in Heart -- Hume et al. 80 (1): 31 -- Physiological Reviews
		Anion transport proteins in mammalian cells participate in a wide variety of cell and intracellular organelle functions, including
		Anion channels and transport or exchange proteins are indicated in yellow, and their corresponding molecular entities or candidates (?) are indicated in parentheses.
		anion transport pathways in the heart is incomplete.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/1/31 (8526 words)

	IonPac AS12A Anion-Exchange Column (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The AS23 column is the newest carbonate column for fast analysis of oxyhalides and inorganic anions at similar concentrations.
		The IonPac AS12A is a moderate-capacity, carbonate-selective, anion-exchange column designed for the fast, isocratic separation of inorganic anions and oxyhalides, including fluoride, chlorite, bromate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, chlorate, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate in drinking water, wastewater, groundwater, and other diverse sample matrices.
		The common inorganic anions and oxyhalides can be determined in less than 12 min using an isocratic carbonate/bicarbonate eluent coupled with suppressed conductivity detection.
	www.dionex.com /en-us/columns_accessories/ion_exchange/cons3610.html (393 words)

	ChemLab - Chemistry 3/5 - Qualitative Analysis of Anions - Procedure Overview
		Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
		Sodium iodide, NaI, is the source of iodide anion for this experiment.
		Starch reacts with iodine and iodide to form a characteristic blue/fl complex.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~chemlab/chem3-5/qual_an/overview/procedure.html (300 words)

	Molecular pharmacology of renal organic anion transporters -- Van Aubel et al. 279 (2): 216 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		The organic anion transporting polypetide, OATP1, and the kidney-specific OAT-K1 and OAT-K2 might mediate facilitated OA efflux but could also be involved in reabsorption via an exchange mechanism.
		Immunologic distribution of an organic anion transport protein in rat liver and kidney.
		Fluorescence imaging study of organic anion transport from renal proximal tubule cell to lumen.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/2/F216 (7220 words)

	IonPac AS15 Anion-Exchange Column (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Its high capacity and selectivity allows for the determination of trace-level concentrations of inorganic anions and low-molecular-weight organic acids in high-purity water matrices.
		Superior retention and resolution is attained of early-eluting anions, including fluoride, glycolate, acetate, and formate.
		The IonPac AS15 column is a high-capacity, hydroxide-selective, anion-exchange column designed for the determination of trace-level concentrations of inorganic anions and low-molecular-weight organic acids in the high-purity water matrices encountered in the semiconductor and power generation industries.
	www.dionex.com /en-us/columns_accessories/ion_exchange/cons2671.html (549 words)

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