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Topic: Anisotropy

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	Anisotropy
		As discussed in section 2.1.3, the development of the Lehmann discontinuity is hypothesised to be the result of a change of the anisotropy structure due to a change in the creep mechanism.
		Anisotropy causes shear waves to split into two pulses with different polarizations, one travelling faster than the other, with the differential travel time accumulating with the path length traversed in the anisotropic region and the amount of anisotropy.
		The effect of the source side anisotropy for the shallow events is still in the data after the upper mantle correction for the mantle directly beneath the station.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~srost/diss_01/node35.html (515 words)

	Anisotropy
		Horizontal anisotropy has been recognized in the oceans for some time (e.g., the Moho head wave studies of Raitt et al., 1969, or surface waves, Forsyth, 1975) associated with lateral flow of the mantle way from ridges giving high velocities perpendicular to ridges and low velocities parallel.
		(1993) model the distribution of anisotropy in a convecting mantle and reproduce the oceanic observations, but in general they find that olivine orientation is inclined to the flow direction rather than precisely parallel to it.
		Their preferred explanation is flow induced anisotropy in the mid to lower crust, possibly due to alignment of phyllosilicate minerals in metamorphic granodiorite or diorite.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/davis01/node4.html (808 words)

	Anisotropy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anisotropy (the opposite of isotropy) is the property of being directionally dependent.
		Something which is anisotropic, may appear different, or have different characteristics in different directions.
		Geological formations where distinct layers of sedimentary material are disposited can exhibit electrical anisotropy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anisotropy (520 words)

	Magnetic Anisotropy
		Anisotropy is also of considerable practical importance because it is exploited in the design of most magnetic materials of commercial importance.
		In cubic crystals, like magnetite, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is given by a series expansion in terms of the angles between the direction of magnetization and the cube axes.
		The third type of anisotropy is due to the shape of a mineral grain.
	www.irm.umn.edu /hg2m/hg2m_c/hg2m_c.html (830 words)

	PlanetPapers - Magnetic Anisotropy Of Fine Particles
		Thus, the term magnetic anisotropy describe the dependence of the internal energy on the direction of magnetization of the particle.
		In this case, one of the simplest expressions of the magnetic anisotropy energy is Ea=KaVsin2, where is the angle between the magnetization vector and the symmetry axis of the particle, V is the volume of the particle, and Ka is the anisotropy energy per unit volume or the anisotropy constant.
		The srength of the anisotropy in any particular crystal is measured by the magnitude of the anisotropy constants.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/2162.php (399 words)

	Alkhalifah: SEP Anisotropy
		The fact that some students choose anisotropy is a testament to the importance of this subject, and a testament to Francies Muir (past SEP professor and a devote anisotropist) positive influence on the group.
		This was one of the earliest papers to acknowledge the depth problem faced in practice due to anisotropy- the difference between the vertical and imaging velocities.
		Jacobs (1982) later included anisotropy in his thesis in a chapter titled ``Pseudo-P and Pseudo-S Waves in a Hexagonally Anisotropic Earth'', where he discussed the downward continuation of the Pseudo-S wave despite that shear waves was another taboo at SEP.
	sepwww.stanford.edu /public/docs/sep100/tariq1/paper_html (737 words)

	Harvard Seismology: Inner Core Anisotropy
		The symmetry axis of the anisotropy was used as a marker to detect the differential rotation of the inner core relative to the mantle.
		developed a cylindrical anisotropy stacking procedure to analyze the travel time data and presented the first three dimensional image of inner core anisotropy.
		Anisotropy of the inner core inferred from PKIKP travel times (Morelli, A, and Dziewonski, A.M., Geophys.
	www.seismology.harvard.edu /projects/innercore/proj.html (390 words)

	Anisotropy Animation Gallery
		The anisotropy index is an arbitrary indicator of anisotropy in the measurements.
		It is derived from the measurements by calculating the difference between the highest intensity values and the lowest ones and dividing their difference by their errors in order to have a statistically interpretable value.
		The anisotropy index is shown for all the six energy channels for which anisotropy measurements are made, although only the measurements from the first three combined are viewable in the form of animation below.
	www.srl.utu.fi /erne_data/aa/aa.html (242 words)

	CMB Anisotropy
		Although these perturbations would also be approximately scale invariant the power spectrum of CMB anisotropy would be very different from what we expect from inflation, because density perturbations would have originated so much later than in the inflationary scenario.
		The current anisotropy data appear to be consistent with inflation and inconsistent with the topological defect scenario (see Fig.2).
		The observed level of CMB anisotropy provides additional circumstantial evidence: If there were only baryons, the level of primeval inhomogeneity required to produce the observed structure would lead to an anisotropy that is about ten times larger than that observed.
	astro.berkeley.edu /~mwhite/rosetta/node2.html (856 words)

	Upper Mantle Anisotropy
		Yang and Fischer [1994] attempted to resolve shear-wave splitting in SS arrivals and found some indication of upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Atlantic, with the inferred orientation for the central North Atlantic in approximate agreement with the global anisotropy model of Montagner and Tanimoto [1991].
		However, the degree to which current surface-wave phase-velocity studies can resolve anisotropy is unclear, due to limitations in the path coverage and tradeoffs between anisotropy and heterogeneity in the inversions.
		A different approach to resolving upper mantle anisotropy involves observations of quasi-Love and quasi-Rayleigh waves, anomalous arrivals that are not pure Love or Rayleigh waves that are generated by coupling between the wave types [ Park and Yu, 1992, 1993; Yu and Park, 1993; Park, 1993].
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/sheare01/node2.html (582 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'anisotropy'
		Predictable variation of a property of a material with the direction in which it is measured, which can occur at all scales.
		For a crystal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different directions is anisotropy.
		In rocks, variation in seismic velocity measured parallel or perpendicular to bedding surfaces is a form of anisotropy.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=anisotropy (69 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy
		The anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) consists of the small temperature fluctuations in the flbody radiation left over from the Big Bang.
		The average temperature of this radiation is 2.725 K as measured by the FIRAS instrument on the COBE satellite.
		Note that there is no part of the Earth that is not included in the oval, and thus there is nothing "outside" the WMAP map.
	www.astro.ucla.edu /~wright/CMB-DT.html (543 words)

	Universe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The age of the universe from the time of the Big Bang, was estimated to be about 13.7 billion (13.7 × 10
		) years, with a margin of error of about 1 % (± 200 million years), according to NASA's WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe).
		However, this is based on the assumption that the underlying model used for data analysis is correct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universe (1346 words)

	BIMA Anisotropy Main Page
		Measurements of Arcminute Scale Anisotropy with the BIMA Array
		The Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland-Association (BIMA) Array has been used with cm-wave receivers to conduct a survey of ten independent fields in order to place limits on secondary Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy.
		Current measurements indicate a level of excess power that excludes the effects of instrumental noise by better than 95% confidence.
	cosmology.berkeley.edu /group/swlh/bima_anisotropy (112 words)

	Lorentz symmetry stays intact (February 2003) - News - PhysicsWeb
		The researchers believe that any violations of Lorentz invariance will effect the cavities in different ways as the Earth orbits the Sun.
		for four of the parameters and no anisotropy to one part in 10
		These bounds now constrain seven of the nine coefficients that were previously unknown in the general standard model extension.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/7/2/12 (373 words)

	Xiaodong Song's Homepage
		My research involves primarily the application of seismic observations in modeling and imaging the structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior.
		My current research focuses on studies of structure and dynamics of the Earth's core, determination of the inner core super-rotation, mapping the fine structure of the inner core anisotropy and heterogeneity, structure near the inner core-fluid core boundary, and lateral variation of the lowermost mantle and core-mantle boundary.
		Song, X.D., Joint inversion for inner core rotation, inner core anisotropy, and mantle heterogeneity, J. Geophys.
	www.geology.uiuc.edu /~xsong (767 words)

	Electron Physics Group Publication List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Spin Transfer Torque and Dynamics, M.D. Stiles and J. Miltat, in Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures III (in press).
		The Effect of Stress Induced Anisotropy in Patterned FeCo Thin Film Structures, W. Yu, J. Bain, W.
		The Spin-Other-Orbit Interaction and Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy, M.D. Stiles, S.V.Halilov, R.A. Hyman, and A. Zangwill, Physical Review B 64, 104430 (2001) (EPG publication number: 724)
	www.physics.nist.gov /Divisions/Div841/Gp3/Pubs/pub.html (1855 words)

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