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	Annulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics, an annulus (the Latin word for "little ring", with plural annuli) is a ring-shaped geometric figure, or more generally, a term used to name a ring-shaped object.
		The area of such an annulus is given by the difference in the areas of a circle of radius R and one of radius r:
		Interestingly, the area of an annulus can also be obtained by multiplying pi by the square of half of the length of the longest interval that can lie completely inside the annulus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Annulus (280 words)

	Class Definition for Class 152 - RESILIENT TIRES AND WHEELS
		The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by mechanism wherein thrust or tension is applied to the springs laterally of the wheel.
		In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of interfitting irregularities of the contacting annular surfaces of the rigid annulus and the annular spring, or of irregularities upon the rigid annulus which indent the spring.
		In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with drive, the drive consists of interfitting irregularities of the contacting annular surfaces of the rigid annulus and the annular spring, or of irregularities upon the rigid annulus which indent the spring.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc152/defs152.htm (5080 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrast Microscope Configuration
		The phase contrast annuli (annulus is the Latin term for ring, with the plural being annuli) utilized in the substage condenser on an upright microscope, or within the condenser turret on the illumination pillar of an inverted microscope, must be specifically matched to a particular objective equipped with a corresponding phase plate.
		Locate the condenser annulus centering pins (or screws) and adjust the position of the annulus with a pair of screwdrivers or the appropriate knobs until it is coincident with the objective phase plate (Figure 1(e)).
		In this case, it may be difficult (or impossible) to superimpose the condenser annulus on the phase plate without a drop of oil between the condenser lens and the microscope slide (and/or between the objective and the coverslip).
	www.microscopyu.com /articles/phasecontrast/phaseconfiguration.html (4948 words)

	Laurent series - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The annulus is shown in red in the diagram on the right, along with an example of a suitable path of integration labelled γ.
		More generally, Laurent series can be used to express holomorphic functions defined on an annulus, much as power series are used to express holomorphic functions defined on a disc.
		On the boundary of the annulus, one cannot make a general statement, except to say that there is at least one point on the inner boundary and one point on the outer boundary such that f(z) cannot be holomorphically continued to those points.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laurent_series (981 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040148022
		The second annulus can be removed from the base annulus and lifted out of the eye so that the rotatable lens assembly can be changed with less stress on the base annulus lens zonule capsule on the rotatable lens assembly.
		Annulus 3 is urged into the base annulus until outer ring 20 is seated in rabbet 14.
		The second annulus can be removed from the base annulus and lifted out of the eye so that the rotatable lens assembly can be changed with less stress on the base annulus and on the rotatable lens assembly.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040148022".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040148022&RS=DN/20040148022 (5858 words)

	PlanetMath: annulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Briefly, an annulus is the region bounded between two (usually concentric) circles.
		An open annulus, or just annulus for short, is a domain in the complex plane of the form
		This is version 1 of annulus, born on 2003-04-22.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/Annulus2.html (148 words)

	The Northwest European Pollen Flora - Volume VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Annulus present, may be narrow; exine varying from 1-6 µm; pores varying from 10 to over 30, distinct.
		Pores varying from 10-20; annulus often broad or of medium breadth, rarely narrow; largest columellae rounded or rounded angular, often smaller towards the pores; in SEM the number of scabrae decreasing towards the pores.
		Pores large or small; annulus distinct, relatively broad; columellae not markedly decreasing in size towards the pores; a large number of small columellae attached to the annulus.
	www.bio.uu.nl /~palaeo/Research2/NEPF/volume7.htm (1788 words)

	Epicyclic gearing
		With the ideally supported annulus, load sharing between the planets is ensured by the radial flexibility and uniform loading across the teeth by the self correcting toroidal twisting of the annulus and by the high accuracy of the gearing.
		Toroidal twisting effect on the annulus is reduced to a minim by having the tubular extension thin, and nearly in line with the axial thrust from the teeth.
		Other designs include the Allen-Stoeckicht where the split annulus of a double epicyclic gear are given a degree of movement within the carrier fo the two rings, this carrier itself is given a degree of axial movement by being fixed to the outer casing by a straight cut tooth coupling.
	www.marineengineering.org.uk /gearing/grepiMain.htm (773 words)

	Downhole sensing with fiber in exterior annulus - Patent 6847034 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A portion of at least one fiber is moved into an exterior annulus of a well between a tubular structure in the well and the wall of the borehole of the well such that the portion is placed to conduct a signal responsive to at least one parameter in the exterior annulus.
		carrying by the flowing fluid a portion of at least one conductive fiber into the annulus, such that the portion is placed to conduct a signal responsive to the at least one parameter in the annulus, wherein the flowing fluid contacts the tubular structure and the wall of the borehole of the well.
		The portion of the illustrated fiber optic cable 8 is moved into the exterior annulus 10 of the well 2 such that the fiber optic cable 8 is placed to conduct a signal responsive to at least one parameter in the exterior annulus 10.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6847034.html (3983 words)

	Key to North American
		Annulus cortinaceous (arachnoid, cobwebby), pileus not scaly (may have hairs), basidiomata clustered or single..............
		All cells of annulus less than 8 µm diameter, non pathogenic species, mostly east of the Rocky Mountains, rare in the west....
		Although this name was widely used for nearly all members of the genus until the 1970's, true Armillaria mellea has a smaller distribution, occurring mainly in the southeastern United States up into the northeast into Québec and in the midwest in the hardwood forests, although it is occasionally found on conifers in mixed forests.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /toms_fungi/armkey.html (1113 words)

	Calcification of the mitral annulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calcification of the mitral annulus is a degenerative process associated with aging.
		Usually only the annulus of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve calcifies, and this is felt to be a benign conditin, but is often associated with mitral insufficiency or regurgitation.
		The aortic annulus is calcified less commonly than the mitral, and the tricuspid is only seen calcified when associated with long standing pulmonary hypertension.
	rad.usuhs.mil /rad/home/cases/mitrcalc.html (136 words)

	Annulus Gel
		When I was first informed of the use of annulus gel, I was amazed at the generosity of Region IV in accepting such a procedure, and acted the devil's advocate in my early discussions about said technology with Fred McManus, then a UIC enforcement officer (see May 17,1990 letter).
		Annulus gel was researched at EPA's Kerr Lab in Ada, Oklahoma, and it is likely that the use of annulus gel as an acceptable annular fluid in Region IV for the standard annular pressure test (SAPT) grew out of said research.
		However, bentonite annulus gel has worked beautifully in many wells in Region IV (and perhaps elsewhere) and should be allowed as it was in the past.
	www.logwell.com /tech/uic/annulus_gel.html (1023 words)

	Apparatus for analyzing the annulus effluent of a well - Patent 4727489
		The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the means for separating condensed annulus effluent vapor further comprises an injection port for the injection of at least one chemical to aid in separating the condensed vapor into water, oil and light hydrocarbon condensate phases.
		A computation means may be employed for calculating the flow rate of the annulus effluent vapor, the flow rate of the entrained liquids, the amount of each phase in the annulus effluent and the total heat flow rate as well as the heat flow rate for each phase in the annulus effluent.
		By identifying the components of the annulus effluent and the relative quantity of each of those components, and obtaining the steam quality and the mass flow rates of the annulus effluent, wells which should be shut in and wells which should be worked over can be identified.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4727489.html (8504 words)

	Annulus Status - EAB Petition Excerpt
		There is a monitoring of annulus pressure (MAP) [a/k/a SAMT] mechanical integrity test (MIT) that is a creature of 40 CFR §146.8(b)(1), but Region IV has never approved its use in Kentucky, and it should not be confused with monitoring requirements set out elsewhere in the regulations.
		Timko, Lindahl and Schweikhardt comment on monitoring annulus pressure with the annulus closed as follows: "The danger arises in that a leak in the casing to a permeable zone could inhibit pressure buildup which would otherwise be caused by a leak in tubing.
		The possibility that a closed annulus could mask detection of a leak in the tubing and casing should be sufficient to recommend against a closed annulus.
	www.logwell.com /tech/uic2/annulus_status_EAB.html (2552 words)

	Species Information: Yellowtail flounder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An annulus is defined as a zone of close circuli marking the end of a year of growth, i.e., the winter growth zone.
		The end of an annulus (i.e., the last true winter circulus in the winter growth zone) is generally followed by a rapid transition from narrow to widening interspaces, signifying the start of the next period of rapid summer growth.
		This type of annulus construction (i.e., two close zones) is generally described as a split annulus, since it is usually difficult to determine which zone is the check and which is the annulus (Fig.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /fbi/age-man/yt/yt.htm (1807 words)

	Annulus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Annulus: A ringlike structure, or any body part that is shaped like a ring.
		The base of a heart valve that supports the valve's leaflets is called the annulus.
		"Annulus" is a misspelling of the Latin "anulus" (a little ring), the diminutive of the Latin "anus" (a ring of more substantial size).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19227 (275 words)

	LEDA Guide: Minimum Width and Area Annuli
		The width of an annulus is the difference between the radius of the outer circle and radius of the inner circle of the annulus.
		The area of an annulus is the area of the region between the outer and the inner circle.
		, and in the latter case the annulus is returned by its center and a point on the inner and the outer circle, respectively.
	www.algorithmic-solutions.info /leda_guide/geo_algs/annuli.html (348 words)

	Species Information: Butterfish
		As of this date, the hyaline zone evident on the edge of the otolith until spring growth resumption is interpreted as an annulus.
		In general, a "split" annulus may be distinguished from an annulus close to the edge (due to retarded seasonal growth) by the strength and width of the hyaline zone near the edge.
		In Figure 17, however, it is difficult to interpret any one of the hyaline zones as an annulus; this 10 cm fish could be age interpreted as 0+ or age 1+.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /fbi/age-man/butt/butt.htm (1917 words)

	Paper strip
		When arrows on the opposite sides point in the same direction as, for example, is the case of the annulus, we identify (glue together) points without twisting the sides.
		The vertical solid line on the rightmost diagram is the seam where two sides of the original square have been glued together.
		Cutting an annulus along a horizontal line results in two separate cylinders of a smaller height.
	www.cut-the-knot.org /do_you_know/paper_strip.shtml (1581 words)

	EPA Region 5 Water: Mechanical Integrity of Injection Wells
		Annulus pressure monitoring for Class I wells required at § 146.13(b)(2) to verify the maintenance of a minimum pressure differential is not the SAMT, because changes in pressure due to loss of annulus liquid are attenuated by the presence of a gas blanket which is replenished as pressure decreases.
		Annulus monitoring may continue throughout the life of the well or the operator may choose, at any time, to conduct a SAPT every five years and after well reworks (on rule authorized Class II wells and on permitted wells if the particular UIC permit allows it), thereby discontinuing the SAMT.
		For a small annulus which might be typical of a Class II well (4-1/2 inch, 11.6 lb/ft. casing and 2-3/8 inch tubing, pressurized to 300 psi), just under one half gallon of liquid should be returned for each 1,000 feet of depth to the packer.
	www.epa.gov /r5water/uic/r5guid/r5_05.htm (13588 words)

	Bonding of Annulus Blocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Verify that the annulus blocks are correctly seated on the ladder blocks.
		Making sure that the north side is toward the north annulus, lower the dummy ladder (with attached annulus blocks) towards the annuli.
		Re--verify that the annulus blocks are correctly seated on the ladder blocks and that the dummy ladder steps are correctly seated.
	hepwww.physics.yale.edu /www_info/sld/qc/annulus_block/node3.html (412 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'annulus' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The annulus forms during invasion and is caused by the different mobilities of oil and water.
		The annulus has approximately the same water saturation as the flushed zone but contains formation water.
		When the formation water is much more saline than the mud filtrate, the annulus forms a conductive ring around the borehole.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=annulus (283 words)

	In Denmark M&W produces annulus pressure relief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		annulus pressure relief is imperative in relation to systems.
		Annulus pressure relief is a pressure relief device for off-shore well test membranes, single element rupture discs.
		So if you are interested in annulus pressure relief then visit www.m-w.dk, where you will find information about systems and/or rupture discs membranes.
	www.m-w.dk /annuluspressurerelief.htm (153 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Interactive Java Tutorials - Phase Contrast Microscope Alignment
		This interactive tutorial examines variations in how specimens appear through the eyepieces (at different magnifications) when the condenser annulus is shifted into and out of alignment with the phase plate in the objective.
		As an alternative to translating the sliders, the mouse cursor can be used to drag the condenser annulus image within the window so that it can be positioned anywhere within the periphery of the objective phase plate.
		Presented in Figure 1 are images of the objective rear focal plane in misalignment (Figure 1(a) and 1(c)) and after the condenser annulus and phase ring have been properly aligned (Figure 1(e)).
	www.microscopyu.com /tutorials/java/phasecontrast/microscopealignment (1587 words)

	EPA Region 5 Water: Annulus Additives in Deep Injection Wells
		Adding materials to the liquid in the annulus to change the properties of the liquid to prevent or diminish flow through the leak or to mechanically plug the leak.
		Reliance on the use of additives to the annulus fluid to provide a permanent solution to leakage has been controversial because of the untested belief that additives to the annulus liquid will not provide long-term sealing properties.
		The annulus pressure and/or liquid level are frequently monitored and reported along with additions of liquid to the annulus system so that any increase in leak rate will be identified in a timely manner;
	www.epa.gov /region5/water/uic/ntwg/issue5.htm (1100 words)

	Mitral valve opening in the ovine heart -- Karlsson et al. 274 (2): 552 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
		to the valve annulus and leaflets (19, 22, 27-30) and contrast
		immobile annulus regions adjacent to the anterior leaflet.
		The movements of the annulus of the mitral valve.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/2/H552 (7147 words)

	Prediction of Successful Cardioversion and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Lone Atrial Fibrillation -- ...
		AF the presence or absence of an abnormal mitral annulus motion
		Mitral annulus motion in a healthy individual (top, a), in a patient who remained in SR throughout the 1-year follow-up period (middle, b), and in a patient with an abnormal mitral annulus motion (note the early systolic notch) in whom AF recurred throughout the same observation period (bottom, c).
		to the descending motion of the annulus structure.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/127/2/488 (3332 words)

	Min_annulus_d<Traits> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Used to access the coordinates of the center of the smallest enclosing annulus.
		The bounded area of the smallest enclosing annulus lies between the inner and the outer sphere.
		The problem of finding the smallest enclosing annulus of a finite point set can be formulated as an optimization problem with linear constraints and a linear objective function.
	www.cgal.org /Manual/doc_html/cgal_manual/Optimisation_ref/Class_Min_annulus_d.html (882 words)

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