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| | Vacuum power tubes, using old valves, and vacuum tube failures |
 | | Internal anode tubes are cooled by infrared radiation, by direct thermal conduction to the envelope, and through external connections via leads exiting the envelope. |
 | | Peak anode voltage in a properly tuned and properly driven amplifier approaches two times the dc anode potential, and under conditions of mistuning, load faults, or excessive drive anode voltage can be several times the dc anode potential. |
 | | Glass internal anode tubes generally have the gettering material coated on anodes, which must be operated a high temperatures to activate the getter. |
| www.w8ji.com /vacuum_tubes_and_vaccum_tube_failures.htm (3832 words) |
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