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Topic: Anonymous authorship

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	Pauline epistles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of formative Christianity and, as part of the canon of the New Testament, they have also been, and continue to be, hugely influential in Christian theology and ethics.
		Some of those who doubt Paul's direct authorship suggest they were written by some of his disciples, either during or soon after his lifetime.
		Authorship of Hebrews was disputed from the earliest, and few, if any, modern scholars would attribute it to Paul.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pauline_epistles (865 words)

	EMLS 9.2 (September 2003): 10.1-13 The Anonymous Renaissance: Cultures of Discretion in Tudor-Stuart England
		The purpose of her book is to "strive to identify anonymity's usefulness and significance for readers and book producers in specific social environments such as the ecclesiastical debates and coterie culture and to explore its conventionality and novelty within specific literary traditions and genres, such as printed miscellanies, coterie commonplace books, and female-voiced lyrics" (4).
		Anonymity can consist of the absence of a name, initials, pseudonyms, false attributions, Latinized names, and anagrams, all of which are calculated to have a certain effect on the readers who are an essential part of the network of anonymity.
		Her exhaustive analysis of the mutual use of anonymity in religious disputes is a tour de force assessment of the ways in which the polemicists used anonymity as both a positive and negative weapon.
	www.shu.ac.uk /emls/09-2/ardonort.html (1072 words)

	Stylometry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stylometry is often used to attribute authorship to anonymous or disputed documents.
		An early example is Lorenzo Valla's 1439 proof that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery, an argument based partly on a comparison of the Latin with that used in authentic 4th Century documents.
		Once the training period is complete, the network can properly determine authorship of texts by authors that it had been trained on previously.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stylometry (520 words)

	Authorship attribution - the case of lexical innovations
		Much effort is devoted in both conventional linguistics and computational linguistics to the development of algorithms for determining the authorship of anonymous texts (plays, poems, documents, letters, etc.).
		The precise attribution of authorship to such innovations seems to be within the duties and responsibility of the lexicographer.
		The scarce cases of pure use of word level (words in isolation) for determining text authorship were drawn out and adopted as is. Such are criteria looking into word structure and phonetic characteristics of words (e.g., clusters, syllables count).
	www.cs.queensu.ca /achallc97/papers/p006.html (1029 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The contradictory strategy of these anonymities recalls the Foucauldian rejection of authorship as a fabricated point where “contradictions are resolved, where incompatible elements are at last tied together or organized around a fundamental or originating contradiction.” Yet such efforts at resolution continue to characterize much of the scholarship surrounding Milton.
		He understands anonymity as a marker of the rise of the author-function: There was a time when [literary texts’] anonymity caused no difficulties since their ancientness, whether real or imagined, was regarded as a sufficient guarantee of their status.
		Robert Griffin challenges this assertion in his preliminary study of anonymity, where he observes that [t]he history of publication shows unequivocally that there is no cause-and-effect relation between the ownership of literary property, or the lack of it, and the presence or absence of the name of the author.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~english/fields/Prowse_draftprospectus1102.doc (3708 words)

	Jesus Better Than Everything; an introduction to the Epistle to the Hebrews. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The anonymity of writer and reader allows the epistle to be abstracted and generalized without a specific sitz em leben (setting in life) to provide historical context and a basis for specific amplification and application of the meaning of the words.
		Anonymous text allows for a dilution of meaning in interpretation of the text, or allows an expositor to run rampant with personal presuppositions which are imposed upon or applied to the text.
		The primary objections to Pauline authorship have traditionally been explained as: (1) the absence of Paul's name in the epistle, (2) the apparent second-hand knowledge referred to in 2:3, and (3) the style, grammar and vocabulary of the epistle which seems to differ from other Pauline writings.
	www.christinyou.net /pages/hebrews1.html (4119 words)

	The Council of Science Editors (CSE) - Services: Authorship Task Force: Is It Time for a New Approach to Authorship?
		Some of those "gifted" with authorship, though happy to accept credit for work they had not done, disowned the papers bearing their names when questions were raised about them (Relman, 1983; Huth, 1986a; Engler et al, 1987), much to the dismay of the unfortunate journal editors who had published those papers (Rennie and Flanagin, 1994).
		Faced with evidence that their authorship definition is commonly ignored or incompletely applied (Horton and Smith, 1996a,b; Lundberg and Glass, 1996), members of the ICMJE met in plenary session and in small groups with about 90 biomedical researchers to discuss whether, and how, the ICMJE criteria should be modified (Godlee, 1996; Leash, 1996).
		Thus, although authorship standards would probably still vary, whatever standards the authors had applied would be open to scrutiny by colleagues, institutions, editors, and the public (Engler et al, 1988).
	www.councilscienceeditors.org /services/leash_article.cfm (1953 words)

	the lost man chronicles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Anonymity is also a gesture which attempts to avoid hubris and humility, ideal states of engagement which are demonstrated through the wisdom laid forth in the lost man chronicles.
		Moreover, anonymous authorship will enable the power of the myth which underlies this work.
		Depending on the demand for the disclosure of the author, a blurb about the author might be divulged at either 3, 6 or 9 months after the book release.
	lorenzodd.tripod.com /lostman/title.html (173 words)

	Anonmoys Speech on the Web
		Anonymous speech is your First Amendment right to speak or write without receivers of your message knowing your true identity.
		One of the most cited and best examples of anonymous speech in our history is the debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the ratification of the Constitution.
		According to Lee Tien, "Although proponents of anonymity are concerned with protecting unpopular speakers from retaliation or being exposed to social stigma, privacy also lies at the heart of their concerns." (Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996).
	www.unc.edu /~imfeld/inls281/anonymouspeech.html (756 words)

	IP.com - Anonymous
		If you select "no authorship information," you will not be offered the option of including information on related persons (names, addresses, etc.) nor a copyright statement.
		If you wish to publish anonymously, and would like to be able to take full advantage of the flexibility of the IP.com publication process, you should read and understand this entire document.
		If you want to publish anonymously but don't want to be bothered with a lot of technical instructions, this is the method for you.
	www.ip.com /documents/info/anonymous.html (1171 words)

	Identification of Comment Authorship in Anonymous Group Support Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Immediately after the session, each member was asked to attribute authorship to a sample of the session’s anonymous comments (comment authorship was known to the researchers).
		Although the attributions of anonymous comments were more accurate than expected by chance, most of the attributions were incorrect.
		Implications and consequences of both accurate and inaccurate attribution are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
	jmis.bentley.edu /articles/v20_n1_p301/index.html (254 words)

	A DATE WITH ANONYMOUS
		This is different from actually signing "Anonymous," which is in turn different from using a pseudonym like George Eliot or TRB or Pauline Reage.
		The capitalized Anonymous, the name-that-is-not-a-name, is an advertisement: it says "this is so hot that I have to alert you to the fact that I couldn't sign my name to it." And, really, there are only two reasons you can't sign your name to something: sex and politics.
		Now they're anonymous to protect themselves from the state or from their own employers, "Anonymous" to be provocative, and pseudonymous to be cute.
	www.stim.com /Stim-x/0896August/Verbal/anon.html (1070 words)

	Essentials of Music - Composers
		The anonymous chant composers may not have been composers at all, at least not in the modern sense.
		Because of this, a nobleman or noblewoman would usually not have taken credit for his or her creations and it may be that some of the anonymous music of this period is by aristocratic amateurs.
		In short, anonymous composers were men and women, highborn and low, but they were different people at different times, reflecting society's changing feelings about authorship and the act of creation.
	www.essentialsofmusic.com /composer/anonymous.html (572 words)

	Abstract of Paper on Vestiges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In this essay, I reconsider the role of anonymity in a pivotal intervention into 19th century materialist and evolutionary discourse.
		Investigating the anonymity in Vestiges' authorship in connection with the anonymity of "the Divine Author" of "Creation" itself, I argue that a necessary doubling of anonymity, forged to forestall the usual attacks levied at theories of progressive development, works to garner the book its curious, extensive, and largely middle class readership.
		Anonymously leaving "vestiges" of creation scattered throughout Britain and beyond, the text was arguably important for the acceptance of materialist notions.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~mdr2/abstvestiges.html (248 words)

	Anonymous artist relationships
		Instead of assigning all these works to "Anonymous," art historians have developed a number of ways to designate unknown artists, and to express gradations of certainty about the relationship between a work and a known artist or group of artists.
		For the most part, anonymity is volitional on the part of the author, and the cataloger is not required to delve into his or her real identity.
		The relationship between the known artist and the anonymous artist is based on the similarities evinced in the piece at hand, and it can be argued that the association between the two artists should be recorded on the bibliographic record for that work, rather than as an independent name authority.
	artcataloging.net /anonart.html (2159 words)

	Anonymous testing for HIV in California
		We feel very strongly that anonymous testing is an important component in the fight to combat HIV because it offers a safe way for people to get tested without having to reveal themselves or their status to anyone.
		The erosion of anonymous testing is an infringement on individual privacy and is danger to the everyone's health because it makes it less likely for many people, especially those at highest risk for HIV, to get tested.
		Undermines the anonymity of "anonymous" HIV testing because it requires that people give information that can be traced to them individually.
	www.berkeleyfreeclinic.org /HIV5/HIV5HomePage.html (367 words)

	SRB Review 10(3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The cusum method is said to determine authorship by successively adding up the deviations of sentence length and language habits in a given sample (deviation from the mean sentence length and mean number of habit usages in the sample under analysis).
		One strength of the cusum method of authorship attribution is that it is particularly apt at detecting trends, such as consistent deviations of sentence length and language habits.
		As authorship attribution is based on a comparison of samples, the stylometrist needs to establish and then test a hypothesis concerning who the author might be.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/srb/foresem.html (5573 words)

	Brain Research Bulletin: Instructions to Authors
		Manuscripts will be subject to a process of anonymous review (the names of authors and their affiliations will be disclosed to the referees only when the review process is complete).
		For purposes of anonymous review, Acknowledgements and Declarations of conflict of interest should not be included in the manuscript.
		All manuscripts are expected to comply with contemporary standards of ethical practice in scientific publication, regarding such matters as study design and ethical approval, data probity and fabrication, authorship, declaration of conflict of interest, plagiarism and redundant publication.
	www.brb.cf.ac.uk /instruct.html (4175 words)

	DP115: Anonymous Artists Relationships in the MARC21 Biibliographic Format
		Because attributions are so often subjective, and depend on a chain of reasoning or on sources of varying degrees of reliability, the scholarly literature has evolved an elaborate, nuanced terminology for referring to the creators of works of art.
		A qualifier such as style of Raphael or copyist of Rodin indicates an influence of (or an outright copy of) the style of the named master, but carries the connotation that the named artist had little or nothing to do with the actual work at hand." (http://www.getty.edu/gri/standard/cdwa/).
		Because of the fact that anonymous artist relationships are very common in describing works of art, the issue is of considerable importance to the art and museum community.
	www.loc.gov /marc/marbi/dp/dp115.html (1834 words)

	Rocky Road: Robert Chambers
		Although some were corrected in later editions, his publisher was dismayed to learn that Chambers didn't have the knowledge to make many corrections himself; he had to rely on others for help.
		It seems unbelievable today, but anonymous authorship of scientific publications was not uncommon in the 19th century, and it didn't hamper the book's commercial success.
		Anonymous authorship also carried a benefit: Because the real writer might be a powerful aristocrat, reviewers exercised a little more restraint in criticizing the book.
	www.strangescience.net /chambers.htm (455 words)

	Wiki Copy Rights
		WikiWikiWeb introduces the possibility of anonymous joint authorship which might confuse ownership, though in practice I suspect there are precedents for any case that actually occurs.
		Anonymous corrections to a signed work are offered in the spirit of technical editing and become the property of the original author(s).
		Often there is multiple and unknown authorship of the material being referenced, and it is thus not possible to give credit to the person(s) being quoted.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?WikiCopyRights (2452 words)

	BabelStone : The Textual History of Sanguo Yanyi : Authorship
		The identification of authorship for Ming and Qing novels is often problematic, as the writing of vernacular fiction was not generally considered to be a socially acceptable form of literary expression for members of the scholar-official class, and so writers often felt constrained to hide their identity behind opaque pseudonyms.
		In the case of many other pseudonymous or anonymous novels, modern scholars have only been able to put forward a single candidate for authorship, and in the absence of contradictory evidence, such claims have often been accepted uncritically.
		Liu Ts'un-yan discusses Luo Guanzhong's authorship of the various novels ascribed to him in his "Lo Kuan-chung and his historical romances" (Chinese version under the title "Luo Guanzhong jiangshi xiaoshuo zhi zhenwei xingzhi").
	www.babelstone.co.uk /SanguoYanyi/TextualHistory/Authorship.html (6232 words)

	The Authorship of Luke's Gospel (St Luke)
		However, while Luke and Acts are anonymous, they do give many evidences pointing to their authorship.
		The reader is not left believing that the church was an afterthought, but that it is a vital part of the process of God.
		This theme is striking in Luke-Acts and is solid evidence of a unified authorship.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/4027/lukeauthorship.html (3631 words)

	Luke - Page: 1 of 1
		Because of the lack of decisive evidence, most scholars assume anonymous authorship of Luke.
		Whoever the author was, the Gospel of Luke is not an eyewitness account, since the Luke to whom this gospel is attributed was not a disciple.
		On the other hand, if the traditional designation of authorship is correct, Acts could be, in part, an eyewitness account.
	people.smu.edu /dwatson/luke_001.htm (323 words)

	Publications
		The authorship system is broken and may need a radical solution.
		Oliver MF (1995): Al, or the anonymity of authorship.
		Wilcox LJ (1998): Authorship: the coin of the realm, the source of complaints.
	ethics.ucsd.edu /workshops/CRW/resources/papers.htm (1503 words)

	James Patrick Holding: Dates and authorship of the Gospels
		The Gospels are anonymous documents; we cannot know who wrote then.
		Authorship and date are important; but equally important, if not more so, is whether what is in the Gospels is true.
		The "anonymity" of the Gospels authors is something that many skeptics hang their hat upon.
	www.tektonics.org /ntdocdef/gospdefhub.html (6925 words)

	Bok, Edward William. 1921. The Americanization of Edward Bok. Page 138
		Mechanically, the “reader” looked at the desk upon which he was sitting, thought of the manuscript lying in the drawer directly under him, and said:
		Of no novel was the secret of the authorship ever so well kept as was that of The Breadwinners, which, published anonymously in 1883, was the talk of literary circles for a long time, and speculation as to its authorship was renewed in the newspapers for years afterward.
		Bok wanted very much to find out the author’s name so that he could announce it in his literary letter.
	www.bartleby.com /197/pages/page138.html (250 words)

	Flyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This pathbreaking collection of original essays surveys an important but neglected topic: anonymous publication in England for the Elizabethan age to the present.
		The editor's introduction places the essays within the context of the historical trajectory of anonymous authorship.
		He is the author of Wordsworth's Pope: A Study in Literary Historiography (Cambridge, 1995) and is completing a book-length manuscript on anonymity and authorship.
	www.palgrave.com /flyer/flyer.asp?is=0312295308 (95 words)

	The Anonymous Letter Writer—A Psychological Profile?
		Anonymous letters fall into many categories—threats, obscene messages, racial slurs, extortion demands, guilty conscience statements, stool pigeon letters, robbery or burglary notes, and so forth.
		These are examined by the document examiner for any information that may lead to the identity of the writer.
		Several cases will be discussed where, additionally, psychological profiles of the writer were produced by a psychiatrist and a psychologist, based upon the content of the letters.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/494.htm (151 words)

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