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Topic: Ant Colony

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	Ant Control using Ant Bait Stations
		Ant Pro is designed to hold and deliver bait for extended periods, but should be periodically emptied, flushed-out, and refilled with fresh bait.
		Ants in the mound may mark dispensers with alarm pheromones warning other ants in the colony to stay away.
		Ants are not active when temperatures are consistently below 40 degrees Fahrenheit (4.5 degrees Celsius).
	www.kmantpro.com /instructions.htm (1094 words)

	Swarm Behavior - National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"Ant colonies are." A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, allocating workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors.
		As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment.
		One key to an ant colony, for example, is that no one's in charge.
	www7.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0707/feature5 (1012 words)

	Ant - MSN Encarta
		Ant colonies have elaborate social structures in which the various activities necessary for the feeding, shelter, and reproduction of the colony are divided among specially adapted individuals.
		Ants are distinguished from other hymenopterans in that they have bent, or elbowed, antennae and an indented abdomen that forms a narrow waist.
		In the rain forests of the Amazon, for instance, ants are so numerous that their total weight is about four times the weight of all the area’s mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians combined.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556353/Ant.html (1197 words)

	Ant - MSN Encarta
		Ants create nests for their colony that provide shelter and contain sites where worker ants perform specialized tasks, such as removing the outer husks from seeds.
		Ants use a variety of sophisticated forms of communication to ensure that all of the work needed to sustain colony life is carried out.
		Ants that have discovered a large food source may attract the attention of other ants by striking them with their antennae, legs, or heads.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556353_3/Ant.html (1799 words)

	Introduction
		Thus, it is not claimed that an ant colony is fully described by the model, rather, as the ingredients of the model are contained in an ant colony, the colony will surely be able to achieve at least a response which is as sophisticated as the one described by our model.
		Even though the reproducing ant in the colony is called the queen, empirical work shows that in many cases she does not seem to be at the top of a hierarchy which rules the colony.
		Unsuccessful ants also have a certain chance to switch to be inactive, and successful ants had a certain chance to recruit inactive ants to their task.
	www.santafe.edu /~dirk/ccant_wf2/node1.html (1243 words)

	Ant colony optimization
		If other ants find such a path, they are likely not to travel on at random but to follow the trail, and return and reinforce it if they eventually find food.
		The idea of the ant colony algorithm is to mimic this behavior with "simulated ants" walking around the graph representing the problem to solve.
		Ant colony optimization algorithms have been used to produce near-optimal solutions to the traveling salesman problem.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/an/ant_colony_optimization.html (238 words)

	Ant colony: Encyclopedia - Ant colony
		The colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony, forming an anthill.
		Ant colonies are eusocial, and are very much like those found in other social Hymenopterans, though the various groups of...
		Ant colonies are eusocial, and are very much like those found in other social Hymenopterans, though the various groups of these probably developed sociality independently through convergent evolution.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Ant_colony/id/1913974 (485 words)

	Myrms Ant Nest - Castes of Ants
		As its caste name suggests these ants are the ones that carry out the daily tasks of the colony such as foraging, brood care, nest repair and defence, and taking care of the queen.
		By the act of a worker laying unfertilised eggs and thereby producing males, at least the dying colony's genes may be passed on to a virgin queen elsewhere.
		They are usually larger than the workers, and are instantly recognisable by the difference in size of the thorax (the middle section of the ants body) in relation to that of the worker; this is due to the wing muscles of the queen.
	www.antnest.co.uk /caste.html (620 words)

	Ant Killer,Ants,Ant control,Fire ants killer,Insecticides, Pesticides
		Colony members can be separated into groups called "castes" by the roles that they play in the colony's survival, such as reproductive or worker.
		The carpenter ant colony may be located outside of the house in a tree stump or in a hollow of a living tree.
		The worker caste ants are devoted to a variety of activities such as nest construction, repair and defense, foraging for food, and feeding and caring for larvae and the queen.
	www.antbuster.com /ants-articles/identify-carpenter-ants.asp (1297 words)

	Myrms Ant Nest - How Does an Ant Colony Start?
		This is a critical time for the new colony as food will need to be gathered quickly in order to feed the near starved queen, who would have lost about 50% of her body weight, and to provide her with the nourishment needed to create more eggs.
		Once the colony is well established, which can take a couple of years or more, the queen will start to lay eggs that will turn into winged males, and later on, when the colony resources are plentiful, large winged queens will appear, and the whole cycle is started again.
		These ants can have over one hundred egg laying queens in each colony, and once a colony becomes large enough, one of more of these queens may leave the nest, taking hundreds, or thousands of workers and brood with her, where they will found a new colony, usually not far from the parent nest.
	www.antnest.co.uk /creation.html (1116 words)

	Ant colony algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.
		In the real world, ants (initially) wander randomly, and when having found food,returning to their colony while laying down pheromone trails.
		Ant colony algorithms have been used to produce good near-solutions to the traveling salesman problem.
	www.therfcc.org /ant-colony-algorithm-243796.html (123 words)

	Ant Bait Stations to Get Rid of Ants for Ant Control
		Liquid baits are irresistible to ants, roaches and other insects, because they satisfy their need for water, carbohydrates and protein.
		Ants and other insects have all-round, 360 degree access to bait.
		They can also cause the worker ants to release alarm pheromones that warn and stop other colony members from feeding on the food source.
	www.kmantpro.com /advantages.htm (560 words)

	Ant Colony Optimization
		Currently two special issues are planned for 2008: One on Ant Colony Optimization (guest editors are Thomas Stützle, Karl Doerner and Daniel Merkle, deadline November 1, 2007) and another on Swarm Robotics (guest editors are Erol Sahin and Alan FT Winfield, deadline December 1, 2007).
		The book Ant Colony Optimization, by Marco Dorigo and Thomas Stützle, is available since June 2004.
		The software accompanying the Ant Colony Optimization book is available here as open source distributed under the GPL license.
	iridia.ulb.ac.be /~mdorigo/ACO/ACO.html (207 words)

	SIWeb: Ant Colony Cycle
		(a) An ant colony starts in general with a queen (alate reproductive female) that has just landed from the nuptial flight in which she has been inseminated by one or more males, has lost her wings and has found a protected place or has excavated a chamber.
		The larval phase is when the ants grow up, so they have to be constantly fed. The queen may search for food outside the nest or regurgitate her liquefied musculature related to the wings, as she will never fly again.
		(i) With the death of the colony queen, in general the colony is able to survive just a few months, as queens are seldom replaced in ants and the workers are not able to reproduce.
	research.amnh.org /entomology/social_insects/ants/ant_colony_cycle.html (474 words)

	Ant Hill Wood. \| "Go to the ant thou sluggard, consider her ways and be wise!" King Solomon.
		Ants are social insects, and while a single ant can function alone, she does better with some of her sisters around to help out.
		Ants kept under artificial conditions,such as those kept in a home Formicarium or Ant Farm set up,cannot hunt for food as they do in the wild and so are reliant on their keeper to supply a food source.
		Your ants will take about 24hours to settle in;but once they find their feet as it were,they will begin to treat their new home like they were born in it and start tunnelling and foraging for food.
	www.anthill.org.uk /antkeeping.htm (4249 words)

	Ant Colony Optimization - Scholarpedia
		Pheromone values are modified at runtime and represent the cumulated experience of the ant colony, while heuristic values are problem dependent values that, in the case of the TSP, are set to be the inverse of the lengths of the edges.
		Additionally, the ants deposit a certain amount of pheromone on the components, that is, either on the vertices or on the edges that they traverse.
		These results can be explained by the fact that, while moving, ants deposit pheromone on the ground; and whenever they must choose which path to follow, their choice is biased by pheromone: the higher the pheromone concentration found on a particular path, the higher is the probability to follow that path.
	www.scholarpedia.org /article/Ant_Colony_Optimization (3283 words)

	An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for the Stable Roommates Problem
		The ants that find the closest food source will be able to leave more amounts of pheromone since their travel time is less then the other ants.
		Each time a colony searches for a roommate, the probability of an ant of the colony choosing a particular roommate must be determined.
		It is possible that a colony will converge on a sub-optimal solution, and so a rogue ant must be sent to explore the graph periodically.
	www.cs.earlham.edu /~uptongl/project/senior_thesis.html (2394 words)

	Ant Farms and Ant farm Supplies
		Ants get water mainly from their food; however, every couple of days you can add a cotton ball soaked in water to supplement the supply Be careful not to knock the bottle over or shake it up; this will destroy the new ant farm.
		Larger ants, called soldiers, are produced for defense and usually have large strong jaws used to protect the colony.
		During the daytime, the worker ants move the eggs and larvae of the colony to the top of the nest so that they can be warmer.
	www.antfarmz.net /index.html (1343 words)

	Carpenter Ant Management
		Carpenter ants are important in the balance of nature because they burrow and nest in dead trees and enhance decay of the wood.
		Even though these two carpenter ant species have different coloring, they both have one-segmented pedicel (the segment between the thorax and the abdomen) and the profile of the thorax is evenly rounded and not bumpy.
		Workers leave the colony in late afternoon or early evening, forage during the night and return to the colony in the early morning hours.
	lancaster.unl.edu /pest/resources/CarpAnt004.shtml (1788 words)

	Ant Wars - P.C. Johnson
		Since colony recognition relies on exchange of behavioral chemicals provided by the queen or differences in food being exchanged, ants removed from the influence of the queen for several days and fed on the same food material should not display aggression toward the other colonies.
		We would anticipate that the pavement ants will fight with the ants of a different species (interspecific), and will probably fight with members of another pavement ant colony (intraspecific), but will not fight with members of their own colony (control).
		In a sense, pharaoh ant colonies in the same general area are kind of a super colony.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~pcj/antwars.html (2262 words)

	KiteCD - Animals - insects, Ants
		These ants are born with 2 pairs of wings which they lose after their nuptial flight.
		Also some ants are able to elicit a chemical signal to warn others in their colony when the colony is threatened with danger.
		Ants which drink the sweet liquid made by aphids encourage the aphids to produce it by stroking the aphids’ abdomens.
	members.aol.com /KiteCD2/an_IAnt.htm (1165 words)

	The Fire Ant Colony and Life Cycle
		The fire ant pupal stage is the transitional stage between the larva and the adult that emerges during the final molt.
		This liquid food is passed to the other ants in the colony including the queen and the developing young ants or brood.
		If the colony is disturbed, the workers swarm over the mound for 8 minutes; if the disturbance continues, the workers will quickly carry the queen through underground tunnels so she can begin a new colony.
	www.safe2use.com /pests/fireants/fireants2.htm (1004 words)

	Stranger than Fiction
		The typical ant colony is usually centered around one or more egg-laying "queens".
		The smaller worker ants care for the queen and her eggs.
		The smaller male ants and the larger queen ants all have wings.
	home.att.net /~B-P.TRUSCIO/STRANGER.htm (377 words)

	Simulation of Ant Colony Routing Algorithms
		Many individual ants may discover different routes to the same food but the shortest path that leads to it will have the strongest concentration of pheromone, a chemical indicator laid down by the ants.
		The Ant Routing System (ARS) is a java-based library of ant algorithms based on the Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic developed by students of the IT University of Copenhagen.
		The work done recently on ant colony routing [3] [4] has shown that the ant routing algorithms are more efficient, robust and scalable than many traditional routing algorithms.
	www.cs.sun.ac.za /~vottel/ants/index.php (1163 words)

	Ants \| Fire Ant \| Black \| Queen \| Red \| Worker \| Colony \| Farm \| Nest \| Insect (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ants are insects that belong to the family Formicidae.
		Ants can be found all over the world, but tend to like dry, hot climates.
		These ants are supposed to protect the rest of the colony from predators like spiders, flies and other insects.
	www.kidzworld.com /article/6900-all-about-ants (344 words)

	Artificial intelligence network load balancing using Ant Colony Optimisation - The Code Project - C# Algorithms
		Ants first evolved around 120 million years ago, take form in over 11,400 different species and are considered one of the most successful insects due to their highly organised colonies, sometimes consisting of millions of ants.
		The result of these studies is Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) and in the case of well implemented ACO techniques, optimal performance is comparative to existing top-performing routing algorithms.
		An ant is placed on a network of 4 nodes with the source node of 1 and destination node 2.
	www.codeproject.com /useritems/Ant_Colony_Optimisation.asp (2488 words)

	Ant Bait: Getting Rid of Ants
		Ant baits are particularly effective on social insects such as ants and termites, because these pests collect food and share it with their colony.
		By the slower method of destroying the colony, some say ant baits offer a more permanent pest solution than broadcast applications of spray pesticides, which basically repels pests from a structure.
		Ant baits are less effective in areas with abundant food sources that serve as a rival food source like:
	www.antcontrols.com /pick-baiting.htm (417 words)

	Search: Ant Colony Life
		Ant Colony Life Cycle: Colony Foundation An ant colony starts in general with a queen (alate reproductive female) that has just landed from the nuptial flight in which she has been insemina...
		With the death of the colony queen, in general the colony is able to survive just a few months, as queens are seldom...
		Ant Colony Rejuvination Kit: If you don't know which observatory you have or don't want to hassle...
	www.valentine.com /webmkt.valent/search/web/Ant%2BColony%2BLife/-/-/1/-/-/-/1/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/302349/right (257 words)

	Halfbakery: Fire ant Colony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		So, if homeowners in the North were to have a fire ant colony sent to them from the South, and were to plant it in their lawn, they would see the fire ants overrun their entire yard, wiping out fl ants and I assume any other hive insects like bees and termites as well.
		With the ants apparently come an explosion in the spider population - the ants cannot enter webs to get the spiders, and the spiders increase their numbers by feeding on the readily available ants.
		This on fire ants and cotton is from the unlinkable work of one R Breene, an entomologist in Texas.
	www.halfbakery.com /lr/idea/Fire_20ant_20Colony (541 words)

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