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Topic: Antarctic

Related Topics

Antarctic ecozone

Antarctica

Australian Antarctic Territory

Antarctic Treaty System

Antarctic circle

Australian Antarctic Division

History of Antarctica

Government of Antarctica

Geography of Antarctica

Climate of Antarctica

Ross Sea

Mawson station, Antarctica

Demographics of Antarctica

South Pole

Amsterdam Island

	Antarctic cod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Despite its name, the Antarctic Cod is quite unrelated to the true cod; it is not even in the same order, being classified as a perciform rather than a gadiform.
		Antarctic Cod have a lightweight cartilaginous skeleton, no swim bladder and fatty deposits which allow them to live in middle level waters.
		The Antarctic Cod fishery doubled from 626 tonnes in 2000-2001 to 1321 tonnes in 2001-2002.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_cod (252 words)

	British Antarctic Survey -
		The Antarctic Large Marine Ecosystem is defined by the Antarctic Convergence (or Antarctic Polar Front), the boundary oscillating between 48 and 60 degrees of South Latitude that separates the colder Antarctic surface waters from the warmer sub-Antarctic waters to the North.
		Antarctic ice seals, Antarctic fur seals and seabirds are studied by many laboratories around the world.
		The Antarctic continent and surrounding Southern Ocean are administered under the Antarctic Treaty system which is the whole complex of arrangements made for regulating relations among states in the Antarctic.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/british_antarctic_survey__en_64674_49116.html (668 words)

	Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The continent of Antarctica is located mostly south of the Antarctic Circle, surrounded by the Southern Ocean.
		Physically Antarctica is divided in two by mountains close to the neck between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea.
		The Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature in Antarctica, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military manoeuvres, or the testing of any type of weapon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctica (998 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Beardmore South Field ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Antarctic Treaty as a Scientific Mechanism (Post-IGY)- Contributions of Antarctic Scientific Research William F. Budd INTRODUCTION The main thesis of this chapter is that humankind's quest for knowledge needs to be recognized as the primary motivation for the high level of continued interest and activity in the Antarctic.
		Antarctic research is much broader than this, however, and has impacted extensively on the wide spectrum of science.
		Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309036402/html/103.html (4327 words)

	USGCRP Seminar: Antarctic Update: An Ecosystem Perspective on UV Radiation and Climate Change Impacts e
		Research conducted in the Antarctic indicates that the amount of biological damage to marine organisms is directly correlated to the level of ozone depletion.
		His present research on the Antarctic Peninsula began in 1974, while he was at the University of Minnesota, and has continued to the present, evolving into a program that employs basic and applied approaches to investigating issues involving the effects of climate change, fisheries, and tourism on Antarctic ecosystems, especially seabird communities.
		She has studied the UV-photobiology of Antarctic organisms since 1987, and was one of the first scientists to document the biological effects of Antarctic ozone depletion.
	www.usgcrp.gov /usgcrp/seminars/9762DD.html (1370 words)

	Antarctic Waves
		Antarctic Waves is a BAFTA award-winning music 'toolkit' for Key Stage 3, GCSE and A-level students (and equivalent UK qualifications) which uses real science, stunning images and extraordinary sounds from the Antarctic to inspire musical composition.
		Antarctic Waves is now on release across the UK and was developed by British Antarctic Survey, and creative multimedia company Braunarts.
		Antarctic Waves was made possible by an Education Award from NESTA (the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts).
	www.antarcticwaves.com (222 words)

	Top Story - UNUSUALLY SMALL ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE THIS YEAR - Sept. 30, 2002
		Antarctic ozone hole maximum sizes for 1979 (September 18), 1988 (September 21), and 2000 (September 10).
		NASA researchers confirmed that this September 2002, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is much smaller than it was in 2000, but stressed that it's due to peculiar stratospheric weather patterns, and is not an indication that the ozone layer is recovering.
		In 2001, the Antarctic ozone hole was larger than the combined area of the United States, Canada and Mexico.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20020926ozonehole.html (1111 words)

	Antarctic Exploration: History of the Pursuit of the Pole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That same year, after having heroically saved his men while suffering a wounded leg in the Boer War, Oates was recovering in the luxury his class afforded him, enjoying his greatest passions, hunting and horses.
		Later, Anton Omelchenko, a Russian jockey from the Vladivostok race course and a member of the expedition, described the vendor as having left "with a plenty big smile." Although Scott was confident in Oates' ability to care for the ponies, up until the end, he erroneously dismissed Oates' apprehension about their condition as groundless pessimism.
		Scott's second-in-command, Teddy Evans, described her as "the largest and strongest of the old Scotch whalers." However, on 2 December 1910, this veteran of the Arctic and Antarctic, overloaded in Bowers' words with "garbage fore and aft," came near to sinking in a force 10 gale.
	home.earthlink.net /~kcrawfish (1793 words)

	Antarctica - The Antarctic Connection - Antarctica Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) - AMANDA is a detector being constructed at the South Pole, whose purpose is to observe high-energy (~ 1 TeV or 10^12 electron volt) neutrinos from astrophysical point sources.
		Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition - The Antarctica Project is the Secretariat of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) which contains over 200 organizations in 50 countries and leads the national and international campaigns to protect the biological diversity and pristine wilderness of Antarctica, including its oceans and marine life.
		Antarctic Journal - Join wildlife audio recordist, Douglas Quin, as he traveled to the southern polar reaches of the world in conjunction with the National Science Foundation Antarctic Artist and Writers' Program.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/sitelinks/index.shtml (1093 words)

	CBS News \| Antarctic Warming Alarms Scientists \| May 14, 2002 10:49:01
		Scientists at the University of Wisconsin said the breakage is part of the normal iceberg formation or "calving" that comes as thick layers of ice gradually slide down from the high Antarctic plateau, and is not related to climate changes or global warming.
		Significant warming in parts of the pristine Antarctic wilderness is expected to continue to send huge icebergs into the Southern Ocean, and lead to the disintegration of other sections of ice shelves that fringe Antarctica's continental ice cover.
		The Antarctic is normally the source for a large part of the "bottom water" which feeds oxygen to global ocean depths.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2002/05/14/tech/main508926.shtml (1386 words)

	'Wildlife of the Region' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today, seals in the Antarctic are protected by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals.
		There are four truly Antarctic species of seals: the Weddell, the Ross, the Crabeater and the Leopard and two more that visit the continent, the Elephant and the Fur Seal.
		All Antarctic seals feed at sea using sonar and the enhanced sight of their large eyes.
	www.iol.ie /south-aris/wild.htm (786 words)

	National Archives of Australia - Fact Sheet 194 - Australian Antarctic exploration and research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This was followed by the 1911 Australian Antarctic Expedition led by Douglas Mawson and the later British-Australia-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) of 1929 to 1931.
		Antarctic cooperative research includes studies in biology, botany, seismology, meteorology, upper atmosphere physics, magnetology, cosmic radiation, oceanography and glaciology.
		Records relating to Antarctic exploration and research are principally held by the Archives in Canberra and Hobart.
	www.naa.gov.au /Publications/fact_sheets/fs194.html (587 words)

	American Zoologist: Introduction to the symposium: Antarctic marine biology
		While early studies focused on descriptive components of the antarctic marine environment, more recent studies have begun to explore more dynamic global issues including the flow of carbon, nutrients and energy through marine food webs, the effects of ozone depletion on planktonic and benthic organisms, and global change processes.
		The present symposium was designed to highlight antarctic research that has taken place over this time period and to once again share antarctic marine biology with a broad audience.
		The role of NSF in facilitation of antarctic marine biology, ecology and oceanography.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200102/ai_n8929258 (1113 words)

	<<Our Vessel - Antarctic Shipping - Antarctic Dream Expeditions and Patagonia>>
		The "Antarctic Dream”, was built by Dutch shipyards for the Chilean Navy as an Antarctic passenger ship.
		It is run on ecological methods, fulfilling all the Antarctic restrictions on the deposit of chemical, mechanical and human waste.
		The “Antarctic Dream” is equipped with 42 double cabins with capacity for 84 passengers.
	www.antarctic.cl /index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=17 (547 words)

	Welcome to The Antarctic Sun - June 21, 2005 Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tubes of olivegreen mud John Anderson collected from his recent cruise represent 10,000 years of Antarctic history and a breakthrough in drilling technology.
		B15a, the largest of the enormous bergs loitering around the edge of McMurdo Sound, was poised to smash into the Drygalski Ice Tongue in January.
		In the case of some Antarctic fish, their blood turned white.
	www.polar.org /antsun (412 words)

	Antarctic Science
		Antarctic researchers are responsible for many major discoveries, such as the chemical basis for ozone destruction and the mechanism of antifreeze action in Antarctic fishes.
		Antarctic scientists have discovered wood and moss samples in glacial till (calling into question the age of the Antarctic ice cap), bioactive and potentially anti-tumor chemicals in sponges, and a mysterious fresh water lake (Lake Vostok) hidden under two miles of ice.
		Currently, Antarctic glaciologists are studying some ice streams that seem to be moving rather quickly, trying to determine not only what factors are behind the rapid movement but also whether the movement constitutes surging.
	www.antarcticaonline.com /antarctica/science/science.htm (4037 words)

	Maps Antarctica Trips Cruises Antarctic Expeditions Canterbury New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gateway Antarctica, the Centre for Antarctic Teaching and Research, was established by the University of Canterbury on January 1st 1999.
		Scott's cousin was a lecturer at Canterbury University (as it was known at that time) and it was he that wrote to Scott and convinced him to sail from the Port of Lyttelton instead of from Hobart, Tasmania as he had planned.
		Antarctic Studies (ANTA 101) presents introductory lectures on a number of issues involving the Antarctic continent and its surrounding ocean.
	www.antarctic-link.org.nz /antarctic.asp?type=5 (762 words)

	Endowed Fund - Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By the time I arrived 14 years later it was well established, and since then I have had the pleasure and privilege of "keeping the show on the road".
		Antarctic science and the experience it gives young people are of great value.
		At the same time the Antarctic Research Centre has developed a programme for studying Antarctic climate in the recent past from coastal ice cores, and plans to develop this further.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /geo/antarctic/ARCappeal.html (1029 words)

	EO News: Warmer Summers Trigger Ice Shelf Collapse - January 16, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Using satellite images of tell-tale melt water on the ice surface and a sophisticated computer simulation of the motions and forces within an ice shelf, the scientists demonstrated that added pressure from surface water filling crevasses can crack the ice entirely through.
		It has long been recognized that melt water filling of crevasses could enlarge the cracks, but this study is the first to connect the basic physics of that process with significant effects of surface melt ponds on ice-shelf viability.
		While some areas of the Antarctic have warmed by as much as 2.5 degrees Celsius in the last 50 years, few records have been kept of seasonal temperatures over ice shelves.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2001/200101164406.html (732 words)

	About Antarctic RGPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Antarctic sea ice is unique both in its geophysical character and in its patterns of motion.
		However, at the same time it is clear that the microwave radar properties of Antarctic sea ice offer the opportunity to apply algorithms adapted from the original GPS, provided they are modified to account for the differences.
		Antarctic ERS-1, ERS-2, and Radarsat data must be calibrated to within the same specifications as planned for ASF mask data (±1-2 dB relative and absolute).
	oceans-www.jpl.nasa.gov /mrd/About_ARGPS.html (1393 words)

	Arctic/Antarctic
		Antarctica is a continent land mass but the Arctic is a sea with edges of other countries in the Arctic circle..
		Antarctic has strong winds but the Arctic has mild winds.
		The Antarctic has penguins and the Arctic doesn't.
	www.schools.ash.org.au /elanorah/arcsimd.htm (280 words)

	New Zealand Antarctic Society
		The New Zealand Antarctic Society was formed in 1933 and has branches in New Zealand's main centres as well as an international membership.
		It is the only Antarctic organisation of its kind in the world and publishes an quarterly journal (Antarctic) summarising international Antarctic events.
		Antarctic, our journal which is published in March, June, September and December each year.
	www.antarctic.org.nz (221 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Speculation over the existence of a "southern land" was not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle.
		In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961.
		Antarctic fisheries in 2000-01 (1 July-30 June) reported landing 112,934 metric tons.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ay.html (619 words)

	South-Pole.com: Arctic & Antarctic History on the Net
		The early sealing industry declined as the population of Fur seals and Elephant seals were reduced to such an extent that the industry became virtually unprofitable.
		The second major exploitation of Antarctic resources began in 1904 with the establishment of the modern whaling industry.
		Be sure to read Antarctic Mayday, the story as told by a crash survivor, and Tragedy on the Ice, the story of Fred Williams who wasn't so lucky.
	www.south-pole.com /homepage.html (1145 words)

	<<Antarctic Shipping - Antarctic Dream Expeditions and Patagonia>>
		For Antarctic Shipping Corp., it is a great satisfaction and pride to share with you a new season with our four expeditions, North and South Patagonia and two expeditions to Antarctica.
		Our company, a visionary and pioneer in the Chilean Antarctic Tourism, has placed its best energies, resources and professionals to assure the highest standards of dependability and services.
		The "Antarctic Dream", is an antarctic passenger ship that was reconditioned with the best available technology and comfort.
	www.antarctic.cl (240 words)

	Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure
		While never accomplishing its goal of the first crossing of the Antarctic continent, this expedition has become a larger-than-life testament to heroism and human endurance, with all 28 men surviving nearly two years in the barren, frigid Antarctic when their ship, Endurance, was caught in pack ice and eventually crushed.
		These three climbers retraced the historic steps of Shackleton, Frank Worsley and Tom Crean across the mountains and glaciers of South Georgia Island, providing perspective on what the three explorers accomplished during this seemingly impossible traverse, the last leg of their 17-month-long quest for civilization and rescue.
		Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure recounts a true story of epic proportions that is ideally captured in the giant-screen format, where viewers will feel as if they have been transported back in time to experience what is considered to be the greatest survival story of all time.
	main.wgbh.org /imax/shackleton/about.html (324 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Antarctic food web under pressure
		Krill, a major component in the diets of many Antarctic species such as whales, penguins and seals, appears to be undergoing a major decline.
		Since the 1970s, numbers of the shrimp-like creatures have fallen by 80% in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula, UK scientists tell Nature magazine.
		"The Antarctic Peninsula, a key breeding ground for the krill, has warmed by 2.5C in the last 50 years, with a striking decrease in sea ice.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3979833.stm (438 words)

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