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Topic: Antarctic Circumpolar Wave

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	Antarctic Circumpolar Wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave is a coupled ocean/atmosphere wave that circles the Southern Ocean in approximately eight years.
		Note that although the "wave" is seen in temperature, atmospheric pressure, sea ice and ocean height, the variations are hard to see in the raw data and need to be filtered to become apparent.
		The wave was discovered simultaneously by Warren White and R G Peterson; and Jacobs and Mitchell; in 1996.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_Circumpolar_Wave (275 words)

	Antarctic Circumpolar Current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica.
		There is general agreement that the large transport of the Circumpolar Current is linked to the strong westerly winds which are found in the Southern Ocean and that these winds blow over a band of open latitudes.
		Evidence of this is the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, a periodic oscillation that affects the climate of much of the southern hemisphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current (757 words)

	[No title]
		The ACW as revealed by their analysis has a wavenumber of 2 and takes 8-10 years to circle Antarctica, leading to a periodicity of 4-5 years at any location.
		The ACW is only clearly visible in the period 1985-94 which is, fortuitously, the period used in the WP analysis.
		The connection between this and the ACW is not clear; nonetheless it is suggestive that their analysis shows eastward propagation from 1982-1990, approximately the period found by this work to have a clear ACW signal, and weak or westwards propagation after 1990 and from 1976-1981.
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /public/icd/wmc/reports/acw-jgr-2001.html (4707 words)

	Sea Surface Height Variations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
		The ACW is apparent as a wave in SSH (or ocean pressure) which is forced by wind stresses.
		The wave presents itself as a possible coupled ocean/atmospheric process and thus could be one of the fundamental modes of Earth's environment in the absence of interfering land masses.
		Since the ACW is eastward propagating, we immediately are able to determine that the ACW is not a freely propagating response to an initial perturbation, but the ACW is a forced wave.
	www.pol.ac.uk /psmsl/gb/gb3/jacobs.html (1359 words)

	Oceanic heat and vorticity budgets of the Antarctic circumpolar wave
		We find the anomalous SST tendency in the ACW balanced by the sum of anomalous zonal heat advection by the ACC and by surface air temperature induced sensible-plus-latent heat flux anomalies, the latter displaced to the east of SST anomalies and explaining their eastward phase propagation.
		Preliminary results indicate that the ACW does not follow the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, but rather follows the path of the principal storm track across the Southern Ocean, along which coupling is maximized, the latter needed to maintain the ACW against dissipation.
		White W.B., 2000: Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave on Australian precipitation from 1958 to 1997, J. Clim., 13, 2125-2141.
	sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov /science/invest-white.html (559 words)

	The Antarctic Circumpolar Current
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the most important current in the Southern Ocean, and the only current that flows completely around the globe.
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Current's eastward flow is driven by strong westerly winds.
		While the Wave's effects on climate are just beginning to be studied, the phase (warm pool vs. cold pool) correlates well with four to five year rainfall cycles found over areas of southern Australia and New Zealand (White and Cherry, 1998).
	oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu /southern/antarctic-cp.html (2221 words)

	4.4 Comparison with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
		The Antarctic Ocean circles the globe without continents and is periodic in the zonal direction.
		Our model assumes an ocean at rest: to adapt it to the Antarctic Ocean, we simply suppose our model dynamics occur in a frame moving eastward with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at 10-15 cm/s: the resultant phase speed ``over ground'' for our waves is 5-10 cm/s eastward.
		Their assumption that the atmosphere responds barotropically agrees with observations of the ACW, but it is not trivial to explain or generate such a response through atmospheric dynamics.
	www.mit.edu /~goodmanj/coupled/node15.html (977 words)

	The Antarctic Sun: Antarctic currents
		“The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the only global current that flows uninterrupted, so it can actually transport heat all over the Earth by transferring it from one ocean basin to the other,” said Janet Sprintall in a telephone interview from her office at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego.
		Computerized models for a doubling of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere depict a reduction in circulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from 20 to 50 percent.
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave is a cycle the current goes through in its approximately eight-year journey around Antarctica.
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /oldissues2002-2003/Sun121502/current.html (1099 words)

	media release mr06
		Scientists have found that El Niño is primarily responsible for determining the strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave.
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave occurs in the Circumpolar Current around Antarctica.
		During the opposite phase of El Niño, known as La Niña, there is a build-up of cooler water near the Ross Sea, producing the cooler phase of the Circumpolar Wave, which is then transported around Antarctica.
	www.dar.csiro.au /news/2001/mr06.html (293 words)

	Ice Core Research, Antarctic Research Centre \| Victoria University of Wellington
		These are in particular the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Antarctic Oscillation, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, as well as feedback mechanisms causing abrupt climate change, such as changes in sea ice cover or ice shelf instability.
		Mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere climate is particularly sensitive to changes in the position and strength of the circumpolar westerlies, which are dependent on the relative input of Antarctic air masses.
		Antarctic atmospheric circulation on inter-annual to decadal timescales is dominated by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Annular Mode or Antarctic Oscillation (SAM) and Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW), but their hierarchy of importance is controversial.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /antarctic/research/icecores.aspx (2106 words)

	Interannual sea level variability in the Southern Ocean within the context of global climate change
		They suggest that these parameters are phase-locked and that the coherent anomalies propagate eastward with the circumpolar flow, with a period of four to five years and a wavelength of 180° in longitude, forming the so-called "Antarctic circumpolar wave".
		Quantification of the relative contribution of standing versus traveling waves in the Southern Ocean is in progress.
		White W.B., R.G. Peterson, 1996: An Antarctic circumpolar wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent.
	sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov /science/invest-park.html (1210 words)

	SeaLab: Antarctica @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave produces regions of warmer and cooler conditions as it moves around the Antarctic.
		Antarctic krill do better during times of high sea ice extent, presumably due to better food resources in the winter through feeding on food associated with sea ice.
		One way to look at the Antarctic is as a wonderful resource, much like the beautiful forests in Oregon, for which we have ownership and responsibility to protect.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /sealab/antarctica/week_3.html (3220 words)

	5. Conclusion
		Undulations of the sub-surface thermal field, associated with the westward-propagating baroclinic Rossby waves, exposed to the surface by wintertime mixed-layer deepening, induce SST anomalies which change the diabatic heating rates of the atmosphere and hence its circulation.
		There are also some aspects that resemble the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, although observed air-sea phase relationships appear to differ from this model's predictions.
		In nature the response of the atmosphere is sensitive to the upper boundary conditions (a rigid lid was assumed here, which may overemphasize the downstream stationary-wave response by prohibiting upward transmission of wave energy) and the vertical profile of heating (which is trivial in a 2-layer model).
	www.mit.edu /~goodmanj/coupled/node18.html (870 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The ACW both in the observations and in the model constitutes a mode of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea-ice system that inhabits the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
		The simulated ACW signal in the ocean propagates eastward over most of the high-latitude Southern Ocean, mainly advected along in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
		There is some ENSO-related signal in the ACW forced by anomalous latent heat release associated with precipitation anomalies in the central and western tropical Pacific.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=659007 (454 words)

	Long-term variation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
		An Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) is only clearly visible in the period 1985–1994.
		Accompanying the change from precessional to nonprecessional modes is a change in the spatial pattern of variability and a change in the predictability of atmospheric anomalies from oceanic forcing.
		Evidence from general circulation model integration suggests that during the precessional mode of the ACW, there is enhanced predictability, as would be required to support a coupled ocean–atmosphere interaction.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2000JC000380.shtml (176 words)

	Floating Eyes To Watch Our Climate
		Routine measurements are at present limited to a few locations where Antarctic supply vessels cross the Southern Ocean, and to remote observations by satellite.
		Patches of warm and cold water carried around Antarctica by the Circumpolar Current, a phenomenon known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, have been shown to influence Australian rainfall.
		The most recent analysis of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave will be presented at the Australia-New Zealand Climate Forum, in Hobart from April 9-12 by Dr Peter Baines, from CSIRO Atmospheric Research.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/ocean-tech-00a.html (633 words)

	Antarctic Circumpolar Current
		While the circumpolar current is the dominant feature of the Southern Ocean, there are other important flows in the north-south direction and in the vertical plane.
		The vertical movement of water, caused by antarctic freezing during the winter and warming during summer, controls the renewal of deep water in the worlds oceans.
		It is presently focusing on three important goals; to measure the heat and salts being carried from the Indian Ocean into the Pacific, to measure the rate at which the water sinks from the sea surface and to understand the exact role of the ocean circulation including the eddies.
	www.parks.tas.gov.au /fahan_mi_shipwrecks/infohut/acc.htm (871 words)

	Low-frequency variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
		This study evaluates the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) variability in the Southern Ocean using a 27-year series of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP).
		From a cross-covariance analysis we find that the strongest covariation between the extratropical wavenumber-2 in SST and in SLP is during the austral summer in the South Pacific Ocean.
		Moreover, in the 1973–1999 epoch, the ACW has been modulated by interdecadal (ID) variability possibly related to the Southern Oscillation.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2001/2001GL013804.shtml (190 words)

	El Nino link to southern ocean currents
		Australian scientists have found that El Niño is primarily responsible for determining the strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave.
		As a result, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave has weakened.
		A graphic showing the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave is available on request.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-05/CA-ENlt-2305101.php (349 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Understanding through Science
		Australia's Antarctic Program is tasked to promote the value of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions for the benefit of human kind, to protect the integrity of their unique wildlife, ecosystems and pristine environments, and to understand how these regions influence the physical processes that drive the climate and the ecology of our planet.
		Antarctic research into environmental issues sets the major theme for Australia's Antarctic science programs.
		Two key government goals directly relate to environmental research: to protect the Antarctic environment and to understand the role of Antarctica in the global climate system.
	www.aad.gov.au /default.asp?casid=58 (411 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		GOURETSKI, V., AND DANILOV, A.I. Characteristics of the warm rings of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the African sector of the Southern Ocean derived from Geosat altimetry and hydrographic data.
		PARK, Y-H., CHARRIAUD, E. Thermohaline structure of the Antarctic Surface Water/Winter Water in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.
		QIU, B. Antarctic circumpolar waves: an indication of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the extratropics.
	www.nodc.noaa.gov /woce_V2/disk01/biblio/ant_pub.txt (3490 words)

	Chung-Chieng Aaron Lai's Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and El Nino Abstract
		The SST anomalies associated with an ACW propagate eastward with the circumpolar flow, with a period of from 4 to 5 years and taking 8 to 10 years to encircle the South Pole.
		The water mass with warmer (than normal) SST is a spinoff from the ACW on the ACC.
		Simplified schematic summary of interannual variation in sea-surface temperature (Warm and Cold), atmospheric sea-level pressure (bold H and L), meridional wind stress (denoted by MWS), and sea-ice extent (grey lines), together with the mean course of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
	www.ees.lanl.gov /staff/cal/acen.html (532 words)

	[No title]
		This occurs in association with the Antarctic circumpolar wave (ACW) in the Southern Ocean (White and Peterson, 1996; White et al., 1998), the north branch of the ACW in the Indian Ocean (Peterson and White, 1998), and the global El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wave in the tropical ocean (White and Cayan, 2000).
		Influence of the Antarctic circumpolar wave on Australian precipitation from 1958 to 1997, J.
		Influence of the Antarctic circumpolar wave upon New Zealand temperature and precipitation during Autumn-Winter.
	grads.iges.org /ellfb/Dec00/white.htm (718 words)

	ePIC: Prevalence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave over the last two millenia recorded in Dronning Maud Land ice
		Comparison of ice core records with reanalysis data showed that recent sea salt concentrations are strongly influenced by the occurrence of a blocking high pressure ridge over the eastern and enhanced storm activity over the western Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (SO) leading to marine intrusions, thus enhanced sea salt export, into DML.
		These variations occur with periods of 4-5 and 12-14 yr, the prior being associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW).
		The prevalence of these periodicities in a 2000 year ice core record from DML shows for the first time that the ACW is a prevalent feature of SO atmosphere dynamics over the last two millennia.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Fis2003g_abstract.html (222 words)

	- en
		On the mechanism of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
		The variability in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is studied with a coupled atmosphere/ocean/sea-ice model (ECBILT).
		A Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of austral winter SST anomalies and 800 hPa geopotential height in the ACC region revelas a mode of covariability which resembles the observed Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW).
	www.knmi.nl /publications/showAbstract.php?id=152 (209 words)

	CGD Annual Scientific Report 2004
		Branstator, G. and J. Berner, 2004: Linear and nonlinear signatures in the planetary wave dynamics of an AGCM: Phase space tendencies.
		Branstator, G. and J. Frederiksen, 2003: The seasonal cycle of interannual variability and the dynamical imprint of the seasonally varying mean state.
		Luo, 2003: The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport.
	www.asr.ucar.edu /2004/CGD/pubs.html (3568 words)

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