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Topic: Antarctic Environmental Protocol

	ASOC Latest News
		The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (known as the Antarctic Environmental Protocol) and its first four Annexes (Environmental Impact Assessment, Conservation of Fauna and Flora, Waste Disposal and Waste Management, Prevention of Marine Pollution) were adopted in 1991 but did not come into force in 1998.
		ASOC lead the international campaign to end the Antarctic Minerals Regime and led the public pressure that culminated in the conclusion of the Antarctic Environmental Protocol which includes a ban on minerals activity in Antarctica for at least 55 years.
		The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed with an enormous gap and a promise: it contained no provisions to determine liability for environmental disasters, but it contained within it the obligation on the Protocol Contracting Parties to develop such rules for liability for environmental damage.
	www.asoc.org /info_news_0605.htm (570 words)

	Antarctic Treaty
		Besides the ban on mining, the Antarctic Environmental Protocol designates the whole continent and its ecosystems as a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science." Antarctica is the world's last great wilderness, a continent of remarkable beauty and a vital international scientific laboratory.
		Environmental non-governmental orgariisations, loosely coordinated by the Antarctic and South Oceans Coalition, fought that proposal throughout the 1980s.
		The environmental protocol was signed in 1991 and it has been ratified by enough countries for it to enter into force.
	www.dhushara.com /book/diversit/extra/antarc.htm (1320 words)

	[No title]
		Whether all other 'Antarctic gateway states' apply their domestic law, implementing the Protocol, to all activities that depart from their territory to Antarctica could not be studied in detail, however, from a general review it appears that this is not the case.
		The Protocol does not require the Contracting Parties to designate national inspectors and to conduct Antarctic inspections, although one might argue that supervision in the area is a measure that is required under Article 13 of the Protocol.
		However, in view of the potential impacts of science projects and the increase of non-governmental activities in the Antarctic, it may be argued that establishing a certain level of supervision in the Antarctic is 'a measure' that is required under Article 13 of the Protocol.
	arno.uvt.nl /show.cgi?fid=12231 (8638 words)

	GREENPEACE ANTARCTICA HOME PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		hailed the 14 January 1998 entry into force of the Antarctic Environmental (Madrid) Protocol as a milestone victory in global environmental protection.
		The Antarctica Project and Greenpeace celebrated the final ratification of the landmark Environmental Protection Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty.
		The Protocol bans mining in Antarctica for a minimum of 50 years nd designates the whole continent and its dependent marine ecosystems a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science." Entry into force of the Protocol is necessary to safeguard Antarctica's status as a global wilderness area and scientific laboratory.
	archive.greenpeace.org /comms/98/antarctic (161 words)

	Committee Approves Antarctica Protection Bill HR 3060 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Antarctic Environmental Protocol established specific principles and rules for protection of the Antarctic environment from human activities.
		Specifically, the Protocol addresses the protection of flora and fauna, imposes strict limits on the discharge of pollutants, and requires environmental impact assessments of planned governmental and non-governmental activities.
		The Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty provides a set of principles and procedures that will ensure that all nations institute effective environmental safeguards.
	www.house.gov /science/pressrel/104_111.htm (529 words)

	House Approves Antarctic Protection Measure HR 3060
		The Protocol represents an important addition to the uniquely successful system of peaceful cooperation and scientific research that has evolved under the Antarctic Treaty of 1959.
		The Protocol builds upon the Antarctic Treaty in an effort to improve the treaty's protections for the Antarctic environment.
		The Protocol reaffirms the Treaty's use of Antarctica exclusively for peaceful purposes and accords priority to scientific research among the permitted activities.
	www.house.gov /science/pressrel/104_123.htm (1334 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic (1993)
		Although CRAMRA contained stringent environmental safeguards, many environmentalists argued that, as a matter of principle, Antarctica should be left in its pristine state rather than be opened to mineral exploitation.
		The Protocol on Environmental Protection extends and improves the Antarctic Treaty's effectiveness in ensuring the protection of the antarctic environment.
		As a protocol to the Treaty, rather than a freestanding agreement, the Protocol is governed by the general provisions of the Antarctic Treaty (Environmental Protocol Article 4).
	www.nap.edu /books/0309049474/html/38.html (588 words)

	British Antarctic Survey wins environment award
		The British Antarctic Survey (BAS), is winner of a national "Green Apple" Gold environmental award for the successful removal of an old waste dump from Antarctica.
		The waste dump was a legacy of the early days of British science activity in the Antarctic in the 1960's and 1970's, before new regulations controlling waste removal came into place with the Antarctic Treaty Environmental Protocol.
		During the 2003/4 Antarctic season, BAS will complete the five year clean up programme and is removing the abandoned British stations at Detaille Island, Danco Island and Prospect Point on the Antarctic Peninsula.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-11/bas-bas110703.php (648 words)

	Antarctic Environmental Awareness Pages
		During the early days of the US Antarctic program, we didn't know much about the environment and the damage we were capable of doing to it.
		The Environmental Protocol was first approved by the Treaty nations in October 1991, but it took 5 more years before formal implementing legislation was passed by the US Congress.
		Official US ratification of the protocol did not occur until the implementing regulations were in place--responsibilities of the Coast Guard and the EPA as well as NSF.
	www.southpolestation.com /env/env1.html (1611 words)

	U.S. Introduces Antarctic Environmental Implementation Legislation
		Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection.
		The Protocol was signed in October 1991 by the 26 nations active
		strengthen the environmental provisions of the Antarctic Treaty
	forests.org /archive/america/antprot.htm (490 words)

	Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protocol_on_Environmental_Protection_to_the_Antarctic... (43 words)

	US Department of State Dispatch: US signs environmental protocol to Antarctic Treaty - statement from State Department ...
		The United States today signed the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antartic Treaty at a meeting of the Antartic Treaty parties in Madrid, Spain.
		The new protocol builds upon the Antartic Treaty to provide improved environmental protection measures that can be strengthened in the future as necessary.
		The protocol sets forth basic principles on the protection of the Antartic environment, establishes an advisory body, and provides for a system of annexes to incorporate detailed mandatory rules for environmental protection.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1584/is_n41_v2/ai_11591063 (343 words)

	AllRefer.com - global warming, Environment (Environmental Studies) - Encyclopedia
		Not all industrial countries, however, immediately signed or ratified the accord.
		In 2001 the G. Bush administration announced it would abandon the Kyoto Protocol; because the United States produces about one quarter of the world's greenhouse gases, this was regarded as a severe blow to the effort to slow global warming.
		Despite the American move, most other nations agreed later in the year (in Bonn, Germany, and in Marrakech, Morocco) on the details necessary to convert the agreement into a binding international treaty.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/globalwa.html (756 words)

	Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development: Antarctic Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(c) Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Environmental Protocol), with four Annexes (Annex I, Environmental Impact Assessment; Annex II, Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora; Annex III, Waste Disposal and Waste Management; and Annex IV, Prevention of Marine Pollution), adopted at Madrid on 4 October 1991.
		Based on the Environmental Protocol, the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) was established at the 1998 ATCM, as an advisory body to the ATCM.
		The Environmental Protocol also requires that environmental policies drawn up and adopted by the ATCM shall draw upon 'the best scientific and technical advice available'.
	www.greenyearbook.org /agree/nat-con/antarc.htm (1296 words)

	European Report: EU/ANTARCTICA: NEGOTIATING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTOCOL TO ANTARCTIC TREATY.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The draft environmental liability system for Antarctica is due to have an impact on EU legislation, particularly on Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of December 22, 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I Regulation).
		This is why the European Commission believes it is so important for the EU to take part in these negotiations.
		Article 16 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty states that "the Parties undertake to elaborate rules and procedures relating to liability for damage...
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:115259604&refid=ink_tptd_np (178 words)

	Committee for Environmental Protection - Antarctic Protected Areas system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties are continuously considering the various aspects the Antarctic protected areas system in order to improve the operation of the system.
		The CEP has developed and adopted guidelines to assist the Parties in their protected areas work: a process for assessing, selecting, defining and proposing new protected areas; and guidelines for the preparation of management plans.
		Through various recommendations the Antarctic Treaty Parties have established several types of area protection and have designated a number of areas under each.
	www.cep.aq /?casid=5085 (302 words)

	Find in a Library: The Antarctic environmental protocol and its domestic legal implementation
		Find in a Library: The Antarctic environmental protocol and its domestic legal implementation
		The Antarctic environmental protocol and its domestic legal implementation
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/afcb1ad4cd0a1971a19afeb4da09e526.html (80 words)

	Appendix E: Selected International Environmental Agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
		Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (Nitrogen Oxides Protocol)
		objective -- to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans and, as far as environmental provisions are concerned, to establish material rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment
	www.nato.int /ccms/general/database/appende.html (1639 words)

	Geography of Cuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
		signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: largest country in Caribbean.
		This page was last modified 15:36, 10 Jun 2005.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Geography_of_Cuba (298 words)

	Appendix D Abbreviations for Selected International Environmental Agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%
		Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
		Note: Not all of the selected international environmental agreements have abbreviations.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~williams/states/appendd.htm (391 words)

	Environment-international agreements. The World Factbook. 2003
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/18.html (6220 words)

	Country Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
	www.classbrain.com /cb_cr/fields/environment_intl_agree.html (6181 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Environment - international agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
		party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/fields/2033.html (6104 words)

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