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Topic: Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array

	Detector in polar ice to hunt for neutrinos (Mar 17, 1999)
		AMANDA is designed to detect the fleeting signatures of light left by cosmic neutrinos as they pass through the polar ice cap.
		Neutrinos are hard to find because their interaction with matter is extremely feeble, producing nothing more than a fleeting burst of light.
		If AMANDA successfully detects cosmic neutrinos and traces their paths back to the objects from which they come, it will open a new window to the universe, permitting scientists to study some of the most intriguing phenomena in the cosmos, according to Francis Halzen, a UW-Madison scientist who helped develop the telescope.
	www.news.wisc.edu /339.html (1247 words)

	AMANDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The world's largest working neutrino detector, AMANDA is designed to catch the fleeting signatures of light left by cosmic neutrinos as they course through the polar ice cap.
		Neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect because their interaction with matter is extremely feeble, producing, at best, only a fleeting burst of light.
		Neutrinos may also be associated with dark matter, the hypothesized missing mass of the universe.
	whyfiles.org /004antarctic/amandafact4.html (311 words)

	FORMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		By using these very high-energy gamma-ray sources as neutrino sources and acquiring data from various neutrino detectors placed around the world, the location of radial density boundaries may be extricated directly by measuring the attenuation of the extraterrestrial neutrino flux by the Earth.
		The detector is fixed on the surface of the Earth as the Earth rotates, and in the detector's rest frame, the neutrino source will sweep across the detector's celestial sky, intersecting the Earth in a continuous set of chord paths.
		The ability to measure the radial distribution of density in the Earth by neutrino absorption may soon be possible with the recent discoveries of high-energy gamma-ray sources which are potential neutrino emitters, and the installation of several detectors built for astrophysical research.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/projects/neutrino/tomo/KUO_page.html (1218 words)

	Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		AMANDA detects very high energy neutrinos (50+ GeV) which pass through the Earth from the northern hemisphere and then react just as they are leaving upwards through the Antarctic ice.
		The neutrino collides with nuclei of oxygen or hydrogen atoms contained in the surrounding water ice, producing a muon and a hadronic shower.
		Compared to underground detectors like Super-Kamiokande in Japan, AMANDA is capable of looking at higher energy neutrinos because it is not limited in volume to a man-made tank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_Muon_And_Neutrino_Detector_Array (386 words)

	Frozen Telescope
		AMANDA - the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array - is Cowen's buried lens to space.
		When AMANDA was built during the austral summer of 1999-2000, Cowen, then on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, quickly became involved in the project.
		AMANDA detects Cherenkov light with over 700 photomultiplier tubes, or light sensors, each of which is individually encased in a basketball-sized glass sphere.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0405/frozen.html (1327 words)

	The Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Emerging into the south polar ice mass, the high energy neutrinos (coming from uncharted violent astrophysical processes) will occasionally interact with atoms, creating muons whose potent energy is partly converted into cones of (Cerenkov) light that can be seen by strings of photodetectors buried in the ice.
		These events are in a neutrino energy range, above 50 GeV, far different from that of detectors such as Super Kamiokande, in which oscillations of lower-energy neutrinos (less than 10 GeV) were observed in 1998.
		With AMANDA the muon trajectory (and essentially that of the parent neutrino) can be determined to within about three degrees.
	www.fizyka.umk.pl /~jkob/physnews99/node165.html (230 words)

	context weblog :: working neutrino telescope
		Neutrino telescopes are designed to look not up, but down, through the Earth to the sky to detect high-energy neutrinos.
		The AMANDA telescope array consists of 677 optical modules, each the size of a bowling ball, arrayed on electrical cables set deep in the ice beneath the South Pole and arranged in a cylinder 500 meters in height and 120 meters in diameter...
		The Antarctic Muon* and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA)* is a collaboration among U.S., Belgian, Swedish and German universities.
	www.straddle3.net /context/01/010522.en.html (411 words)

	Amanda II Project- Official Site
		Neutrino messengers provide a startlingly new view of the Universe.
		Members of the AMANDA team designed the first practical implementation of the generic ideas formulated many years ago, and re-introduced in late 80's with the twist of using Antarctic ice instead of water.
		AMANDA is now an international collaboration involving institutions from the US, Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and Venezuela.
	amanda.uci.edu (196 words)

	Bartol's AMANDA Activities Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		AMANDA is a large neutrino telescope that consists of numerous large photomultiplier tubes deployed deep in the antarctic ice-cap.
		The SPASE2 air-shower array consisting of 120 scintillator modules spread over a 100m radius is situated 370m away on the surface, which provides a tagged muon beam for AMANDA calibrations and provides a unique opportunity for a combined experiment to investigate the composition of cosmic rays at energies around the knee of the spectrum.
		Simulations for IceTop, a square kilometer surface array of frozen pools to be integrated with IceCube, a cubic kilometer scale neutrino detector proposed for the South Pole.
	www.bartol.udel.edu /~spiczak/amanda/amanda-bri.html (579 words)

	Photonics.com Printer Friendly Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neutrinos are born deep in the heart of supernovas, quasars and neutron stars, carrying otherwise invisible information.
		Like other neutrino telescopes, the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array spots these flashes using a string of photomultiplier tubes.
		The cosmic neutrino detector eventually may be scaled up to a cubic kilometer across, with as many as 6000 photomultiplier tubes spotting 30 or so neutrinos a day.
	www.photonics.com /printerFriendly.aspx?contentID=78840 (386 words)

	APOD: 2001 April 29 - Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) lower into each vertical lake a string knotted with basketball-sized light detectors.
		The detectors are sensitive to blue light emitted in the surrounding clear ice.
		Such light is expected from ice collisions with high-energy neutrinos emitted by objects or explosions out in the universe.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010429.html (128 words)

	AMANDA (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array): A High Energy Neutrino Telescope at 1 km Depth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We have begun the AMANDA (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array) project to build such a large-scale detector by measuring the optical properties of in situ Antarctic ice.
		During the 1991-92 austral summer we placed a string of four 7.5 cm diameter photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at a depth of 800 meters (700 mwe), and a string of four 20 cm diameter hemispherical PMTs at a depth of 150 meters, at the geographic South Pole.
		By comparing the count rates of observed cosmic ray muons to Monte Carlo predictions, we conclude that the optical attenuation length of the 800 meter deep ice is consistent with the laboratory result of 25 meters.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v25n2/aas182/abshtml/S3604.html (326 words)

	News Archives from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Francis Halzen, a physics professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is director of the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array, AMANDA, a cylindrical neutron detector, doubling as a cosmic telescope, buried deep in the ice at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station.
		The detector uses the planet's mass as a way to filter out more ambient local neutrinos (those from the sun, for example), while searching for celestial sources of high-energy neutrinos in the northern hemisphere.
		Neutrinos are at once the universe's most numerous and inconspicuous particles, and may hold the answers to fundamental questions in astrophysics and cosmology.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/news/2004/102104icecube.shtml (668 words)

	NOVA \| The Ghost Particle \| Awesome Detectors image 9 \| PBS
		Since 1999, AMANDA, the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (seen here during its assembly), has used the Antarctic ice to seek out neutrinos.
		The muons create faint flashes of light as they pass through the ice some 1.2 miles below the surface, where they are sensed by AMANDA's hundreds of light-sensitive phototubes supported on 19 tethers frozen in the ice.
		AMANDA's goal is to conduct neutrino astronomy, identifying and characterizing extra-solar sources of neutrinos, which could provide important clues in the search for dark matter.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/neutrino/dete-09.html (134 words)

	Antarctica - The Antarctic Connection - Antarctica Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) - AMANDA is a detector being constructed at the South Pole, whose purpose is to observe high-energy (~ 1 TeV or 10^12 electron volt) neutrinos from astrophysical point sources.
		Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition - The Secretariat of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) is in Washington, DC.
		Antarctic Journal - Join wildlife audio recordist, Douglas Quin, as he traveled to the southern polar reaches of the world in conjunction with the National Science Foundation Antarctic Artist and Writers' Program.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/sitelinks/index.shtml (1169 words)

	IceCube Neutrino Detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The IceCube Neutrino Detector is a neutrino telescope currently under construction at the South Pole.
		Instead, the rare instance of a collision between a neutrino and an atom within the ice is used to deduce the kinematical parameters of the incoming neutrino.
		Potentially, the neutrino flux and the gamma ray flux may coincide in certain sources such as gamma ray bursts and supernova remnants, indicating the elusive nature of their origin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Detector (646 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Antarctic telescope delivers first neutrino sky map
		The array transforms a cylinder of ice 500 meters in height and 120 meters in diameter into a particle detector.
		The fact that AMANDA II has now identified neutrinos up to one hundred times the energy of the particles produced by the most powerful earthbound accelerators raises the prospect that some of them may be kick-started on their long journeys by some of the most supremely energetic events in the cosmos.
		The ability to routinely detect high-energy neutrinos will provide astronomers not only with a lens to study such bizarre phenomena as colliding fl holes, but with a means to gain direct access to unedited information from events that occurred hundreds of millions or billions of light years away and eons ago.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0307/30neutrino (1188 words)

	Origins: Antarctica: Tools: AMANDA
		With a mission as ambitious as its construction, AMANDA (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array) is a collaborative enterprise involving fifteen universities and science institutes from the United States and Europe.
		Neutrinos, like quarks and electrons, are elementary particles, fundamental building blocks of matter.
		Although a neutrino interaction is rare, when it does happen, it can produce a negatively charged particle called a "muon." Because that muon moves along the same path as the incoming neutrino did, researchers can tell which direction the neutrino came from by examining the muon's trail.
	www.exploratorium.edu /origins/antarctica/tools/amanda.html (263 words)

	Neutrino telescopes in Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A neutrino telescope detects the Cherenkov radiation generated in water or ice by the passage of relativistic charged particles produced by neutrino collisions with nucleons in the detector volume.
		The weakness of the neutrino interaction means that a large volume of material is required in the detector.
		Furthermore the deployment of the detector array in ice through hot water drilling has proved more successful than attempts to deploy detectors in ocean water.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/17_1/adams/paper/node2.html (125 words)

	Origins: Antarctica: Tools: AMANDA: Looking for the elusive neutrino
		The Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array, fondly known as AMANDA, was created to detect high-energy neutrinos.
		The detector consists of several strings of "optical modules," basketball-sized sensors that can pick up very small flashes of light.
		The strings are installed by an elaborate procedure that involves drilling a column, using hot water to melt the ice, and then quickly putting the sensors down the hole before it freezes up.
	www.exploratorium.edu /origins/antarctica/tools/amanda-main.html (248 words)

	SSEC In the News - Month 2003
		Devitt explained that “the AMANDA II (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array) Telescope is designed to look not up, but down, through the Earth to the sky in the Northern Hemisphere.” The preliminary map of the northern sky produced using AMANDA II represents one year of data.
		John Fauber noted that detecting neutrinos was the first step in unlocking the mysteries of the universe’s more violent events, such as its beginning, and the death throes of stars.
		In Australia’s ABC Science Online Alex Bannigan remarked upon the neutrino’s role as cosmic messenger: “Because they have no charge, almost no mass, and are invisible, they are able to pass through space, planets and stars without their path being altered by magnetic fields or physical obstacles.
	www.ssec.wisc.edu /media/August2003.html (3355 words)

	Lab 9 Galactic Distributions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Astronomers with the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) lower into each vertical lake a string knotted with basketball-sized light detectors.
		Analyses of data from the AMANDA II detectors have recently been used to create the first map of the high-energy neutrino sky.
		The first map of the high-energy neutrino sky, produced with data from the AMANDA II Telescope at the South Pole provides a tantalizing glimpse of many potential point sources of ghostlike cosmic neutrinos.
	www.astr.ua.edu /ay102/Lab9/Lab_9_Neutrino.html (186 words)

	D. F. Cowen : Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) @ Penn State Physics
		(AMANDA Collaboration), "Limits on the muon flux from neutralino annihilations at the center of the Earth with AMANDA," Astropart.
		(AMANDA Collaboration), "Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors," Astropart.
		(AMANDA Collaboration), "Limits to the Muon Flux from WIMP Annihilation in the Center of the Earth with the AMANDA Detector," Phys.
	www.phys.psu.edu /people/display/?person_id=1486&mode=research&research_description_id=347 (1016 words)

	TEA: Activity-petula- -- Popcornneutrinolab_hook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This activity is related to polar science by affording students an opportunity to conduct a modeling activity which provides better understanding of the AMANDA (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array) and ICECUBE project.
		Since the neutrino can not be seen, this activity provides a hands-on example of how neutrinos were first postulated.
		Finally, the activity can be used in a general science course to discuss the strengths and weakness of models or as a demonstration of the conservation of mass.
	tea.armadaproject.org /activity/petula/popcornneutrinolab_hook.html (160 words)

	AMANDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A conceptual plan for a kilometer-scale array called IceCube would require a total of about 5000 modules.
		In 1995 PSL designed and constructed the first hot water drill for the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array.
		The drill was used to drill holes in the Antarctic ice two kilometers deep in which the detector arrays were placed.
	www.psl.wisc.edu /amanda2.html (429 words)

	work
		We were deploying six new strings in the polar ice cap this year.
		These are the racks for AMANDA B. 302 PMT's are monitored here.
		This side is for AMANDA A, 80 PMT's.
	www.antarctic-adventures.de /work.html (599 words)

	ANTARCTICA: Science and Technology: Selected Internet Resources (Portals to the World, Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Includes links to: AMANDA Project -- Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array; IceCube Project -- a proposed kilometer-scale neutrino observatory that extends AMANDA capabilities, includes links to collaborating organizations; and Ice Coring and Drilling Services (ICDS) -- providing ice coring and drilling services to NSF funded projects, includes information on drilling systems.
		Focuses on management of Antarctic marine ecosystem resources, atmospheric and oceanic processes in the Southern Ocean, global and regional climate change.
		IASOS is a national center for postgraduate teaching and research established at the University of Tasmania; promotes and focuses Australian academic activity concerned with Antarctica and its surrounding ocean.
	www.loc.gov /rr/international/frd/antarctica/science_technology.htm (671 words)

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