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Topic: Antarctic Plate

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List of tectonic plates

South American Plate

African plate

Farallon Plate

List of tectonic plate interactions

Anatolian Plate

List of plate tectonics topics

Pacific Plate

Arabian Plate

Burma Plate

North American Plate

Gorda Plate

Explorer Plate

Cocos Plate

Nazca Plate

	Plate Tectonics - MSN Encarta
		Plate Tectonics, theory of global tectonics (geological structural deformations) that has served as a master key, in modern geology, for understanding the structure, history, and dynamics of the Earth’s lithosphere, which includes the crust.
		Although the plate tectonics revolution in geological thought occurred only recently (in the 1960s and 1970s), the roots of the theory were established by earlier observation and deduction.
		Where an oceanic tectonic plate is subducted beneath continental crust, the magma produced by subductive melting erupts from volcanoes situated among long, linear mountain chains, such as the Cordillera, up to 100 km inland from the zone of subduction.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554623/Plate_Tectonics.html (1582 words)

	Plate Tectonics - Crystalinks
		The key principle of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere exists as separate and distinct tectonic plates, which "float" on the fluid-like asthenosphere.
		Tectonic plates are comprised of two types of lithosphere: continental and oceanic lithospheres; for example, the African Plate includes the continent and parts of the floor of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
		Tectonic plates across the globe are constantly shifting - though slowly, usually by a few centimetres a year - with the magma beneath the crust.
	www.crystalinks.com /platetectonics.html (2460 words)

	Plate Tectonics - MSN Encarta
		The second kind of motion, called relative motion, leads to different types of boundaries between plates: plates moving apart from one another form a divergent boundary, plates moving toward one another form a convergent boundary, and plates that slide along one another form a transform plate boundary.
		As the plate moves, a new volcano forms in the plate over the place where the hot spot occurs.
		There are three types of convergent plate boundaries: between two oceanic plates, between an oceanic plate and a continental plate, and between two continental plates.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554623_2/Plate_Tectonics.html (1083 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		ANSWER from Lis Gahagan on January 4, 1994: Most of the plate boundaries with the Antarctic plate are seafloor spreading centers which are usually 1000s of kilometers from the continent itself.
		A simple answer is that the connection is historical; the theory of plate tectonics is a mechanistic theory that was developed in the late 1960s to explain observations of continental motion that had been systematically organized by Alfred Wegener into the theory of continental drift about 50 years earlier.
		The later theory of plate tectonics overcame the objections to continental drift by incorporating a reasonable mechanism for the motions.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /antarctica/QA/geology/Tectonics (2207 words)

	Plate Tectonics - Discover Our Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The largest plate is the Pacific plate, followed by the African plate, Eurasian plate, Australian-Indian plate, Antarctic plate, North American plate, and South American plate.
		There are several entirely oceanic plates (Nazca, Cocos), but no entirely continental plates (with the possible exception of the Arabian peninsula; it depends on the criteria one uses to define individual plates and how much ocean is required to be considered "ocean").
		The fact that continents are included as part of plates made of both continent and ocean suggests that the continents do not move independently of the oceans as Wegener envisioned, but rather that continent and ocean move together as part of a single plate.
	atlas.geo.cornell.edu /education/instructor/tectonics/boundaries.html (490 words)

	Corné Kreemer's 1998 Antarctica Earthquake project
		We determine first a regional strain rate field associated with the accommodation of relative plate motion, and second, a vertically averaged minimum deviatoric stress field associated with lithospheric gravitational potential energy differences and deglaciation of the Antarctic ice cap.
		MRC is the Macquarie Ridge Complex and TJ is the Australia-Pacific-Antarctica triple junction.
		CMT focal mechanism of Antarctic plate earthquake is shown.
	wellspring.ess.sunysb.edu /~kreemer/antarctica.htm (297 words)

	ZetaTalk: New Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This in effect is forcing the Antarctic plate to fold itself, like a fan, and it resists this pressure to fold.
		The tendency is rather for the Antarctic plate to break away from these bordering plates, so it then becomes free to move.
		Likewise, along the Atlantic, the spreading plates in the Atlantic are asking the Antarctic plate to rip apart, which it resists, being a very solid plate.
	www.zetatalk.com /poleshft/p100.htm (277 words)

	SCAR » Appendix 7
		The Antarctic Plate was created by the break-up of Gondwanaland and today, except for the Scotia Sea region, is bounded by spreading ridges.
		The Antarctic continental shelves rimming the East Antarctic craton are passive margins resulting from the separation of southeastern Africa, India and Australia.
		The Antarctic rim of the Gondwana Plate was an active convergent margin throughout most of this interval, although in the backarc region there was extension associated first with break-up and emplacement of the Ferrar tholeiites and second following New Zealand/Pacific-Phoenix Ridge collision in mid Cretaceous time.
	www.scar.org /publications/reports/16/appendix7/platetectonics.html (3120 words)

	Plate Tectonics
		Plate tectonics is the all-encompassing theory that allows us to understand the present configuration of the surface of the Earth, to recreate the past positions of the continents and ocean basins, and to make predictions about the future.
		The angle of subduction is related to the age of the plate; the older the subducting plate, the steeper the angle.
		This is primarily a function of equal density of the plates; however, it also occurs due to the direction of movement.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /Dept/GY/rweb/plates.html (1473 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In short, the program encourages investigation of the relationships between the geological evolution of the antarctic plate and paleocirculation, paleoclimate, and the evolution of high-latitude biota.
		The tectonic role of the antarctic continent in the breakup of Gondwanaland, the close interaction of the antarctic crust and ice sheet with their attendant effects on the planet's fluid systems, and Antarctica's present-day seismically quiescent role defines the important thrusts of geophysical research in the high southern latitudes.
		Antarctic oceanic and tropospheric studies focus on the structure and processes of the ocean-atmosphere environment and their relationships with the global ocean, the atmosphere, and the marine biosphere.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /antarctica/background/NSF/facts/fact04.html (1925 words)

	The Different Plates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The movement of the plates is explained by the earlier theory of Continental Drift.
		The major plates include the Eurasian plate, the African plate, the North American plate, the South American plate, the Antarctic plate, the Indoaustralian plate, the Pacific plate and the Nazca plate.
		Figure 1.10 shows the different plates on the world map, which shows that the plates are capped by both the oceanic and continental crust.
	library.thinkquest.org /17457/platetectonics/3.php (120 words)

	The Antarctic Sun - Front Page
		Understanding how the Antarctic plate fits in with its neighbors, and how that has changed over millions of years, helps geologists put together puzzle pieces as far away as Hawaii and Iceland or along the San Andreas Fault in the United States...
		Antarctic workers may sacrifice time with family, private rooms and cable TV to be here.
		The latter is the case with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory, or AST/RO...
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /2005-2006/sctn12-11-2005.cfm (288 words)

	:: SCRIPPSNEWS : SCIENTISTS FILL ANTARCTIC PLATE GAP LINKING PACIFIC TO THE REST OF THE WORLD
		The plate tectonics researchers arrive at their conclusions by calculating the motion of the plates.
		As one plate moves, the edge of an adjoining plate is affected, similar to giant pieces in a plate tectonics jigsaw puzzle, called the "global plate circuit."
		The West Antarctic rift system, one of the largest active continental rift systems on Earth, is the result of movement along the boundary between East and West Antarctica.
	scrippsnews.ucsd.edu /article_detail.cfm?article_num=599 (879 words)

	Compound Rupture of the Antarctic Earthquake
		Compound Rupture of the 1998 Antarctic Plate Earthquake
		Aftershocks of the Antarctic plate earthquake are shown as red dots.
		The broadband P waves from the Antarctic Plate earthquake reveal the considerable complexity of the source process.
	www.seismology.harvard.edu /~antolik/balleny.html (1493 words)

	Skiing the Pacific Ring of Fire and Beyond: Antarctica
		In contrast, the Antarctic Plate is nearly completely surrounded by extensional zones, with spreading along the several mid-ocean ridges which encircle it, and subduction is limited to a tiny section along the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (at the South Shetland Islands) and reaching eastward to the remote South Sandwich Islands.
		The volcanism is caused by rifting along the massive West Antarctic Rift, which stretches from the base of the Antarctic Peninsula to the vicinity of Ross Island, and the volcanoes are located along the northern edge of the rift.
		The desert-like environment of the Antarctic interior, along with a very thick and stable ice sheet which surrounds and protects the bases of the volcanoes, reduces the rate of erosion by a factor of perhaps a thousand relative to volcanoes in moist temperate or tropical climates.
	www.skimountaineer.com /ROF/Region.php?region=Antarctica (967 words)

	Volcanoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The exposures of rock in Antarctica tell stories of an ancient continental shield, of volcanic activity and the injection of enormous bodies of hot magma (molten rock) into the crust, and of massive forces deep within the crust deforming and metamorphosing (changing) earlier rock formations.
		Map of the Antarctic plate (oceanic part shaded blue) and surrounding region showing the distribution of volcanoes of less than 25 million years in age (red symbols).
		48 (1990), on Volcanoes of the Antarctic plate and southern oceans.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /About_Antarctica/Rock/Volcanoes.html (431 words)

	Antarctica
		Thinning of the lithosphere in major continental rift systems is commonly considered in terms of the end-members models of active versus passive rifting, and a genetic connection is commonly acknowledged between lithospheric extension, magmatism and mantle plume activity.
		Beginning of magmatism is coeval with global plate reorganization [23, 24] and increase in differential movements of Southern Ocean Fracture Zones (43-47 Ma) [25, 26].
		Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Antarctica.html (2249 words)

	NSF/U.S. Antarctic Program, 2003-2004, Geology and Geophysics
		The Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program funds investigations into the relationships between the geological evolution of the antarctic plate and the life and processes that can be deduced to accompany it--the paleocirculation of the world's oceans, the paleoclimate of the Earth, and the evolution of high-latitude biota.
		The U.S. Antarctic Resources Center (USARC) constitutes the U.S. Antarctic Program's contribution to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research library system for earth sciences; housed here is the largest collection of antarctic aerial photographs in the world, as well as many maps, satellite images, and a storehouse of geodetic information.
		The East Antarctic Ice Sheet breaches the Transantarctic Mountains by way of a handful of outlet glaciers; Byrd Glacier is the largest of these, contributing about a quarter of all the ice moving from there to the Ross Ice Shelf.
	www.nsf.gov /od/opp/antarct/treaty/opp04001/geogeo.html (6188 words)

	NSF U.S. Antarctic Program, 2002-2003 -- Geology and Geophysics
		The Geology and Geophysics program funds investigation into the relationships between the geological evolution of the antarctic plate and the life and processes that can be deduced to accompany it-the paleocirculation of the world's oceans, the paleoclimate of the Earth, and the evolution of high-latitude biota.
		Antarctic mapping, geodesy, geospatial data, satellite image mapping, and the Antarctic Resource Center (ARC) constitute some of the activities necessary for the successful operation of a multifaceted scientific and exploratory effort in Antarctica.
		West Antarctic Ice Sheet bedrock is so scattered and remote that to erect a continuous string of permanent GPS stations would rival the building of the American transcontinental railroad.
	www.nsf.gov /od/opp/antarct/treaty/opp03001/geogeo.html (8925 words)

	Geologists Find Motion Across Disappearing Plate Boundary
		The two plates in question border one another all the way from Arabia to the Antarctic plate.
		By analyzing and piecing together the data, they were able to construct a careful picture of where the boundary between the plates is located, where the plates are headed and how fast they are moving.
		Gordon and Chu believe the boundary between the Nubian and Somalian plates is very wide and diffused, rather than narrow and localized, as is the case across midocean ridges.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-03/RU-GFMA-030399.php (971 words)

	ScienceDaily: Scientists Fill Antarctic Plate Gap Linking Pacific To The Rest Of The World
		So, by determining the plate motions in Antarctica, we are defining the plate motions up here in California (for example)."The West Antarctic rift system, one of the largest active continental rift systems on Earth, is the result of movement along the boundary between East and West Antarctica.
		Texas A&M Oceanographer Challenges Plate Tectonics As Reason For Poles' Shift (January 25, 2000) -- Millions of years before Carole King felt the earth move under her feet, the planet rapidly and drastically shifted on its axis, according to research by Texas A&M University oceanographer William...
		Turkey is set on a minor tectonic plate which is being squeezed westwards as the Arabian and the Eurasian plates...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/03/000315080737.htm (2273 words)

	Geotimes - May 2000: News Notes - Missing tectonic link found
		The relative motion and interaction between the Antarctic, Australia and Pacific tectonic plates have been poorly understood and have fueled disagreement over misfits in the global tectonic circuit.
		Dubbed the Adare Trough, it is a graben structure, or a basin-like structure evident of crustal extension.
		At a mid-ocean spreading center, tectonic plates are pushed apart as new crust is extruded and added onto the plate.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/may00/antarctictectonics.html (837 words)

	Exploring Earth's Plate Boundaries
		You'll be adding a tectonic plate boundary overlay to the Face of the Earth and Relief map.
		Plate boundary processes are often expressed in the physiography (shape of the land surface) of the Earth.
		Note: The key identifying the types of plate motions is displayed in a pop-up window, which appears over or to the right of the JVV Jr.
	www.dpc.ucar.edu /VoyagerJr/pt_t1.html (677 words)

	"Expansion Tectonics" video script
		The round end of the Antarctic Plate was still grinding against the Scotia Ridge and twisting as far as the Sandwich Islands.
		During the Oligocene the round end of the Antarctic Plate cleared the Scotia Sea and swung westward against old ocean floors that were being shoved unto its bare back by the Australian Plate with New Zealand up front.
		That happened along the California coast when, during the breakaway of the Antarctic Plate the deep-cooled rim along the continental coast was deprived of its support at the ocean side.
	www.triplehood.com /triplehood/scrip.htm (6685 words)

	JSA09
		The great enigma of Antarctic volcanism is the extent to which Cenozoic activity has occurred beneath thick ice cover, and the potential it, and associated high heat flow, may have to destabilize the West Antarctic ice sheet.
		Ice Shelf Water, a constituent of Antarctic Bottom Water, is formed by modification of inward flowing waters from the continental shelves, that melt a portion of the ice shelves during their transit beneath them.
		In the Antarctic summer 1994/95 simultaneous GPS observations (24 h per day, 21 days) were carried out at GPS stations situated on Antarctica and on neighbouring tectonic plates to fulfill the main goal of the first bundle project.
	www.olympus.net /IAPSO/GeneralAssembly99/J09/J09full.htm (8978 words)

	American Geophysical Society meeting; 12-14-98
		On March 25, 1998, the largest oceanic intraplate earthquake ever recorded (magnitude 8.2) shook the seafloor beneath the Antarctic Ocean near the Balleny Islands.
		Susan Schwartz, an associate professor of earth sciences and director of the Keck Seismological Laboratory at UC Santa Cruz, analyzed the rupture characteristics of this earthquake using seismic recordings of the long-period surface waves it generated.
		This earthquake occurred within the Antarctic plate, far from its boundary and more than 60 miles (100 kilometers) from the nearest fault zone.
	www.ucsc.edu /oncampus/currents/98-99/12-14/antarctic.htm (443 words)

	blank lectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Investigating the crustal elements of the central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP): The Case for Long-range Aerogeophysics.
		The influence of subglacial geology on the onsets of West Antarctic ice streams B, C, and D: constraints from high-resolution airborne geophysical mapping.
		Morphology of the central West Antarctic ice sheet from airborne laser altimetry and ice-penetrating radar.
	www.ig.utexas.edu /people/staff/blank/presentations.htm (6759 words)

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