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Topic: Antarctic Sound

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	Origins: Antarctica: Field Notes: Sounds Like Antarctica
		The rotor blade tips move slower than the speed of sound, but just beyond the end of the blades the air that is rotating with the blades is moving faster than the speed of sound.
		The loud sounds give us an early warning that helicopters are incoming, this allows us to say our good-byes and get to the helicopter pad in time for our flights.
		I was hearing the sound of running water, a sound I had heard all my life and yet here it ambushed me. Sometimes you hear what you expect, and the last thing I expected was to hear the music of flowing water.
	exploratorium.edu /origins/antarctica/fieldnotes/antarcticsounds.html (530 words)

	Antarctic cruises to Antarctic Sound, Antarctic Peninsula, Elephant Island, Weddell Sea, South Shetland Islands.
		Antarctic cruises to Antarctic Sound, Antarctic Peninsula, Elephant Island, Weddell Sea, South Shetland Islands.
		Antarctic Sound: Welcome to "iceberg alley" and the accompanying views that can be described only as amazing.
		Weddell Sea: East of the Antarctic Sound lies the Weddell Sea.
	www.cruiseweb.com /CELEBRITY-XPEDITIONS-ANTARCTIC.HTM (647 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Sounds of Antarctica
		The "crackling" sound in the background is the sound of the sea ice breaking and cracking.
		These sounds were recorded near Weddell Seals as they rested near a hole in the sea ice, or as the seal was in the hole breathing through it's nostrils.
		This is the sound of an Adelie Penguin squabble at the rookery on Bechervaise Island.
	www.aad.gov.au /?casid=229 (388 words)

	Dec23
		The Antarctic Sound with icebergs of all shapes and sizes as far as the eye can see is an unbelievable experience.
		Antarctic penguins feed mostly on fish, squid and krill, a shrimp-like crustacean which is the key species in the Antarctic ecosystem.
		Antarctic penguins have also developed the ability to leap out of the water to a substantial height on land, enabling them to reach raised ice edges or rock ledges.
	www.studentsonice.com /antarctica2004/html/dec23.html (5251 words)

	Guardian \| The sound of silence
		It is perched on the end of glacial murrain on the edge of Alexander Island, surrounded by a giant sea of ice known as King George VI Sound.
		The British Antarctic Survey team at Rothera had one last beautiful surprise for me (I must say that I am exceedingly well looked after: my puny, arty, whims are given serious consideration, and space is made for them in busy science schedules).
		I was taken to one of these nanatuks by Dougal, a mountaineer, and was amazed at the true Antarctic view- a spectacular white expanse, under a clear blue sky and dotted with occasional mountain peak, spreading 200 miles in each direction.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4827445-111715,00.html (885 words)

	McMurdo Sound -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article
		Antarctic glacier situated on the Hillary Coast of Victoria Land, to the northeast of the Cook Mountains, near McMurdo Sound.
		The sound source may be a violin, an automobile horn, or a barking dog.
		The sound tracks of most films are made up of both synchronous sound—sound recorded as the film is being shot—and postsynchronous sound—sound recorded and added after shooting.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=9371676 (821 words)

	Antarctic Symphony (Symphony No. 8) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In a single movement, its basic pattern is an alternation of slow and fast sections, though later sections sometime prove to be elaborations or intensifications of earlier ones, and there is both an identifiable Scherzo and a return to harmonic traces from the opening at the end.
		All silence was shattered when the vessel rammed her way through the hard frozen sea - the ice crashing along the bows was one of the most exhilarating sounds I ever heard, with electric zippings and cracklings sounding off into the far distance as fissures extended for miles from the ship.
		Antarctic Symphony répond à une commande du British Antarctic Survey (Cambridge) en association avec le Philharmonia Orchestra à l'occasion du cinquantième anniversaire (approximativement!) du film Scott of the Antarctic dont Vaughan Williams écrivit la musique et de la Sinfonia Antarctica qu'il en tira par la suite.
	www.maxopus.com /works/symph_8.htm (1915 words)

	ABC News: Antarctic Penguin Chicks Face Starvation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In this undated photo released by the Australian Antarctic Division, two Adele penguin chicks are seen standing between their mother's legs in the Antarctic's Cape Royds.
		Tens of thousands of Antarctic penguin chicks face death by starvation in the next few weeks as a huge iceberg blocks access to ocean feeding grounds where 3,000 breeding pairs of Adele penguins on Antarctic's Cape Royds face a 180-kilometer (112-mile) round trip to bring food to their chicks.
		The iceberg is located between McMurdo Sound and Franklin Island to the south and is moving north toward the sound at about 1.2 miles a day.
	abcnews.go.com /Technology/wireStory?id=327919 (841 words)

	Antarctic Sound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over $60,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August!
		Antarctic Sound (63°20′ S 056°45′ W) is a body of water about 48 km (30 mi) long and from 11 to 19 km (7 to 12 mi) wide, separating the Joinville Island group from the northeast end of Antarctic Peninsula.
		The sound was named by the Swedish AE under Nordenskjöld for the expedition ship Antarctic which in 1902, under the command of Captain C.A. Larsen, was the first vessel to navigate it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_Sound (127 words)

	Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure
		With Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure, viewers will not only be immersed in the barren, yet beautiful Antarctic, an environment where they wouldn't ordinarily be able to go; they also will be transported back in time to experience what has been called the greatest survival story of all time.
		The super-powerful, often-digital sound system provides half of the "giant-screen experience." Many giant-screen theaters boast 11,600 watts of power emanating from 44 speakers positioned in seven clusters around the auditorium.
		In Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure, the soundtrack complements each and every image, for example, with the sounds of the crunching of the pack ice in the Weddell Sea or the hurricane winds and waves that Shackleton and his crew faced on their lifeboat journey to South Georgia Island.
	main.wgbh.org /imax/shackleton/about-two-giant.html (798 words)

	News Archives from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Wilson, New Zealand's project leader for the study of the four Adele penguin colonies in the region, said he was sure all the colonies would survive, though their numbers could decline by up to 70 per cent.
		The alternatives are to break a 130-kilometre channel through the pack ice to reach Winter Quarters Bay on the McMurdo Sound coast, or offload the fuel and other supplies on the ice edge, pumping fuel through temporary lines several kilometres to storage tanks, he said.
		The iceberg is located between McMurdo Sound and Franklin Island to the south and is moving north toward the sound at about two kilometres a day.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/news/2004/121404iceberg.shtml (820 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Otto Nordenskjöld
		The command was placed under an experienced Antarctic explorer, Captain Carl Anton Larsen, who had commanded the JASON during a whaling reconnaissance mission in 1892-93 as far south as 64°40'S into the Weddell Sea.
		Unfortunately, as the ship approached the sound, the lead between the ice became narrower and narrower and by the time the ship reached the vicinity of Mount Bransfield, the way was completely blocked.
		While the ANTARCTIC was trying to find a route to pick up Nordenskjöld and the others, Gunnar Andersson, Lt. Duse and Toralf Grunden's attempt to reach the winter quarters on foot was being compromised by their lack of knowledge of the geography of the area.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000091.htm (4224 words)

	CBC News: Giant iceberg menaces Antarctic penguins
		The huge chunk of ice, measuring 3,000 square kilometres, or half the size of Prince Edward Island, is lodged in the sound's entrance.
		It's preventing the annual breakup of ice floes in the sound that marks the beginning of Antarctica's summer.
		If the iceberg is still blocking the sound, icebreakers will have to blast a 130-kilometre path through the floes or unload their supplies at the ice edge.
	cbc.ca /story/world/national/2004/12/14/starving-penguins041214.html (413 words)

	Welcome to The Antarctic Sun - June 21, 2005 Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tubes of olivegreen mud John Anderson collected from his recent cruise represent 10,000 years of Antarctic history and a breakthrough in drilling technology.
		B15a, the largest of the enormous bergs loitering around the edge of McMurdo Sound, was poised to smash into the Drygalski Ice Tongue in January.
		In the case of some Antarctic fish, their blood turned white.
	www.polar.org /antsun (402 words)

	Adelie Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Among Antarctic scientists and explorers, the tale of the "cautious penguins" is legendary.
		During the breeding season, the tale goes, penguins crowd by the thousands on small strips of icy shoreline, waiting to see which penguin will be brave enough to explore the dark waters.
		Adelie penguins breed during the Antarctic summer from December to February.
	www.geocities.com /~kcdreher/adelie.html (775 words)

	Antarctica: Operation Deep Freeze I: 1955-56
		The purpose of this operation is to implement the planned program in the Antarctic by conducting operations during the period 1954-1959 and subsequent thereto as directed by competent authority.
		On 19 December the EDISTO arrived McMurdo Sound, and the GLACIER was ordered to her plane guard station near Cape Adare; before the day was out everything was ready at the McMurdo terminus for the fly-in of Task Group 43.2.
		With the departure of the GLACIER from the Antarctic the operational phase of DEEP FREEZE I was concluded.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/exploration/deepfreeze/ctf.htm (10425 words)

	Polar Travel, Travel & Exploration in Arctic, Antarctic, Polar Travels, Rare & Out-of-Print Books
		This work is an interesting work on Antarctic exploration with a good description of marine life, fauna, flora, climate, ice, geology, fossils, and various research results.
		A useful overview of Antarctic exploration from the initial early probings to the scientific expeditions of the 20th century.
		The author, son of the famous Antarctic explorer, an accomplished artist and naturalist, and former head of World Wildlife, describes his adventures and travels in to the Perry River in Arctic Canada with two companions, to observe geese and other wildfowl, especially the near extinct Ross's goose.
	www.horizonbook.com /polar.html (13827 words)

	S-022 Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications
		Secondary metabolite biosynthesis at ambient temperature in antarctic sponge-derived bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
		Chemical constituents of four antarctic sponges in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
		Chemical ecology of antarctic sponges from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: ecological aspects.
	www.uab.edu /uabbio/s022/nonpeer.htm (304 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Additional Reports \| Volcanoes of Antarctica
		The volcano is located on the Antarctic continental shelf in the southern Antarctic Sound, ~ 9 km N of the easternmost point of Andersson Island and NW of Rosamel Island (figure 1), N of the mapped boundary of Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks.
		Jun Jaegyu submarine volcano (J) lies E of the extreme tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (see inset map) in the Antarctic sound, an area sheltered by several islands.
		He was participating in the Korean Antarctic Program through their geophysical observatory based in the South Shetland Islands (King Sejong Station, established in 1988 on the Barton Peninsula, King George Island at 62°13.4818’ S, 58°47.4744’ W).
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/vol_extra.cfm?name=Jun+Jaegyu (763 words)

	BBC News \| SCOTLAND \| Sound of the snowscapes
		A symphony inspired by the sweeping snowscapes of the Antarctic has received its Scottish premiere.
		Saturday's performance of Sir Peter Maxwell Davies's Antarctic Symphony was the centrepiece of the six-day St Magnus Festival in Orkney.
		Inspired by the composer's visit to the Antarctic, it was performed by the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/scotland/1403561.stm (301 words)

	Antarctica Christmas
		The day-to-day itinerary of this voyage is dependent on weather and ice conditions prevailing in the vicinity of the mighty Riser Larsen Ice shelf.
		Nestled amongst ice floes is the little-known Seymour Island whose fossil rich rocks conceal the story of the disappearance of the dinosaurs and the collapse of the mythical Gondwana.
		In the early hours of the morning, you hope to be among the towering corridors of icebergs in Antarctic Sound.
	www.coolantarctica.com /Travel/Trip_details/antarctica_cruise_8.htm (881 words)

	Antarctica Kayaking
		With its nutrient-rich waters providing plenty of food for krill, fish, penguins, seals and whales, the Antarctic Peninsula is home to the continent's greatest variety and concentration of wildlife.
		The Antarctic Circle crossing, through spectacular passages to Crystal Sound, reveals major changes in the continent's land and icescapes, and also in the distribution and abundance of wildlife.
		For six days you plan to explore the western flanks of the Antarctic Peninsula as far south as the Antarctic Circle, where the waters abound with whales at this time of the season.
	www.coolantarctica.com /Travel/Trip_details/antarctica_cruise_9.htm (835 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Issuance of a General Permit to the National Science Foundation for the Ocean Disposal of ...
		The erosion of the seaward face of the ice pier is caused by such factors as wave action, contact of vessels with the pier face, and the discharge of coolant water from ships docked at the pier.
		Potential Effects of Ice Pier Disposal Because the natural creation and disintegration of icebergs occurs constantly in the Antarctic environment, the primary ice component of the NSF piers is not of environmental concern.
		However, these animals are known to have sophisticated natural sonar (sound navigation and ranging) systems, are able to detect and precisely identify objects at considerable distances with those systems, and normally will avoid large objects such as icebergs.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/2003/January/Day-07/w335.htm (5379 words)

	NSF chooses alternative method to refuel its main Antarctic research station
		As a result, NSF personnel at the station are undertaking an alternative method of transferring several million gallons of fuel from a tanker offshore over the sea ice of McMurdo Sound.
		Personnel at McMurdo worked with officials at NSF and at Colorado—based Raytheon Polar Services, NSF's Antarctic logistics contractor, to develop the plans to transfer the fuel safely while protecting the environment of the McMurdo Sound.
		Operating under the international Antarctic Treaty, NSF manages the U.S. Antarctic Program, which coordinates almost all U.S. scientific research on the southernmost continent.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-02/nsf-nca022703.php (679 words)

	The Antarctic Attraction Christchurch NZ Visitor Attractions Things to Do
		At the Antarctic Attraction our aim is to re-create the atmosphere and environment of Antarctica, providing visitors with an interactive, fun and exciting experience of the "Great White South".
		The Gallery area is packed full of informative displays showcasing modern-day Antarctica, including the Antarctic Treaty and it's member nations, the impact of humans on the continent, the flora and fauna ecosystems and Antarctica's effect on the globe.
		The Antarctic marine environment is one of the richest on earth; our Aquarium displays some of the actual specimens from the Antarctic ocean floor in McMurdo Sound.
	www.iceberg.co.nz /attraction.asp (876 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Robert Falcon Scott
		Wilson was also approached by Shackleton but likewise declined as he was in the middle of an exhaustive project concerning his bird research in Antarctica; it just wouldn't be appropriate to abandon his studies at this time.
		Shackleton and Scott met in London on May 17, 1907 where Shackleton put in writing to leave "McMurdo Sound base to you, and land either at the place known as the Barrier Inlet or at King Edward VII Land, whichever is the most suitable.
		The one physicist who didn't go was the young lecturer from the University of Adelaide, Douglas Mawson, who was making his own plans, like many others, to explore an unmapped stretch of coast and country west of Victoria Land.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000090.htm (11770 words)

	REFERENCES
		Spores and pollen from the McMurdo Sound erratics, Antarctica.
		Stratigraphy and paleontology of Campanian and Eocene sediments, Cockburn Island, Antarctic Peninsula.
		Tertiary marine palynomorphs from the McMurdo Sound erratics, Antarctica.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/188_SR/013/013_8.htm (1186 words)

	USATODAY.com - Too much Antarctic ice prompts call for aid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A huge iceberg that broke away from Antarctica in March 2000 is making life difficult this year for U.S. researchers at the bottom of the Earth.
		McMurdo Sound is roughly between the red dot and the top of the "M" in "McMurdo." This is almost due south of New Zealand.
		The tanker that goes to McMurdo each January carries the fuel that will be used at McMurdo and the U.S. South Pole station during this year's Antarctic winter, which begins in March, and for these stations as well as temporary field camps during the 2002-03 "summer" research season, which begins next October.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/cold-science/2001-11-21-mcmurdo-ice.htm (804 words)

	RedNova News - Science - Antarctic Penguin Chicks Face Starvation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Two Adele penguin chicks are seen standing between their mother's legs in the Antarctic's Cape Royds.
		Wilson, New Zealand's project leader for the study of the four Adele penguin colonies in the region, said he was sure all the colonies would survive - though their numbers could decline by up to 70 percent.
		The alternatives are to break an 80-mile channel through the pack ice to reach Winter Quarters Bay on the McMurdo Sound coast - or offload the fuel and other supplies on the ice edge, pumping fuel through temporary lines several miles to storage tanks, he said.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=111041 (851 words)

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