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Topic: Antecedent variable

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	SSRIC/TRD: Glossary
		control variable/ (test variable): a variable you believe to be like the independent variable in that it is also related to the dependent variable (e.g., gender and race both seem to be related to income) and the researcher tries to clarify the relationship between the three variables.
		independent variable: the causal variable in a hypothesized relationship, it is proposed to be independent of, prior to, deterministic of, a dependant variable e.g.
		variable: a condition that changes, a property of interest, the basis on which values or attributes are assigned to members of the population e.g., sex, height, weight, income.
	www.csub.edu /ssric-trd/glossary.htm (3836 words)

	Experimental techniques - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the most important requirements of experimental research designs is the necessity of eliminating the effects of spurious, intervening, and antecedent variables.
		The same is true for intervening variables (a variable in between the supposed cause (X) and the effect (Y)), and anteceding variables (a variable prior to the supposed cause (X) that is the true cause).
		When a third variable is involved and has not been controlled for, the relation is said to be a [zero order] relationship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Experimental_techniques (617 words)

	Diagrams
		Simple propositions suggest that variation in one variables (often referred to as the "antecedent" or "independent" variable) affects variation in the second variable (generally thought of as the "antecedent" or "dependent" variable).
		Such variables may covary with the hypothesized antecedent, and in such cases it is possible to mistakenly attribute the effects due to one variable to another.
		Moderating variables are introduced to account for situations where the relationship between the antecedent and the consequent variable is presumed to depend on some third variable.
	www.utexas.edu /research/pair/diagrams.htm (1811 words)

	Two Crows: Data mining glossary
		The dependent variables (outputs or responses) of a model are the variables predicted by the equation or rules of the model using the independent variables (inputs or predictors).
		The independent variables (inputs or predictors) of a model are the variables used in the equation or rules of the model to predict the output (dependent) variable.
		Varying the parameters of a model to assess the change in its output.
	www.twocrows.com /glossary.htm (3689 words)

	Combined antecedent variables as motivating operations within functional analyses. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Combined antecedent variables as motivating operations within functional analyses.
		Functional analysis test conditions typically manipulate a single antecedent variable and an associated consequence to better isolate response–reinforcer relations.
		Findings are discussed in terms of clinical implications of combining antecedent variables to further examine potentially false-negative functional analysis results.
	seab.envmed.rochester.edu /abstracts/JabaAbstracts/38/_38-385.HTM (148 words)

	CDC - Antecedent Treatment with Different Antibiotic Agents as a Risk Factor for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
		All variables other than antibiotic exposures were candidates for the model and were selected in a stepwise manner with an entry criterion of p<0.2 and a criterion to stay in the model of p<0.05.
		Variables that were not retained in the model by this procedure were then tested for confounding by adding them one at a time to the model and examining their effects on the β-coefficients.
		Antecedent treatment with vancomycin is not a risk factor for VRE infection or colonization.
	www.cdc.gov /NCIDOD/eid/vol8no8/01-0418.htm (3874 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Antecedent variable
		An antecedent variable is a variable that occurs before the independent variable and the dependent variable.
		For example, in politics, a special interest group may want to support a politician who backs their cause.
		Antecedent variable (interest in cause) -> Independent variable (interest group support) -> dependent variable (policy decisions)
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Antecedent_variable (143 words)

	Antecedent variable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		American Association of Variable Star Observers The largest organization for variable stars: provides professional and amateur collaboration, research, and analysis of variable star observations.
		A Ritzian Interpretation of Variable Stars A study on the nature of the speed of light in space using light curves and spectroscopic observations of variable stars as evidence.
		Variable Temperature NMR Slide presentation from a course about NMR.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Antecedent_variable.html (347 words)

	Elaborating Program Impacts Through Data Analysis
		Have these variables changed in the expected direction?" Although a negative response to these questions might be interpreted as evidence of the program's failure, other contextual factors may have suppressed or hidden the impact of the program.
		When an antecedent contextual variable, education, is used to stratify the association, the relationship between participation and adoption disappears for each level of education (Table 1b).
		When the contextual variable, education, is included, a positive impact of program participation on the adoption of practice Y is found for both levels of education in this example (Table 4b).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /PD003 (1552 words)

	antecedent (grammar) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about antecedent (grammar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Typically, a pronoun substitutes for the antecedent noun.
		For example, in the sentence ‘Jane left early and John followed her’, Jane is the antecedent of the pronoun her.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Antecedent+(grammar) (102 words)

	Antecedent variable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An antecedent variable is a variable that occurs before the independent variable and the dependent variable.
		For example, in politics, a special interest group may want to support a politician who backs their cause.
		Antecedent variable (interest in cause) -> Independent variable (interest group support) -> dependent variable (policy decisions)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antecedent_variable (124 words)

	Social Work Research: SW2021 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Once the variables are identified and selected for research, they are measured in reference to the direction of the relationship pattern, the level of statistical significance, and strength of the association.
		The effects of intrusive third variables are of especially important concern to the field of social work due to its exclusive nature in providing social intervention programs to those in need and a high regard for observation processes that are free of unnatural controls and schemes that may infringe on the rights of individuals.
		Control variable: B) The adoption of a racial balance attendance plan in a given school district will be associated with an eventual reduction in the gap in academic performance of white and fl students, controlling for the ethnic content of the curriculum and the relative social lass of the two racial groups.
	www.pitt.edu /~hzy/SW2021.htm (10067 words)

	CCJ 5705 Research Methods in Criminology
		The second reason that we might introduce variable C into a causal analysis focussing on the effect of X on Y would be that we want to test the idea that C mediates the effect of X on Y, that is, X has its causal effect at least partly through its effect on C.
		Variable C would then be considered a suppressor variable, and it would be necessary to control for C before the true causal effect of X on Y would become evident.
		Distortion occurs when an antecedent variable C causes a positive causal effect of X on Y to appear to be negative, or a negative causal effect of X on Y to appear to be positive.
	www.fsu.edu /~crimdo/faculty/kleck/DataAnal.htm (2019 words)

	Hypothesis Construction
		The process begins with the dependent variable which by convention is labeled Y. The dependent variable is the one that you wish to change or is the result of the outcome of some action.
		Variable relationships are normally constructed according to a standard model: "variable a is a function of variable b so that...." The dependent variable comes first as in "mutilation is a function of photo duplication cost so that as cost decreases mutilation also decreases."
		In order to "prove" that variable B is solely responsible for change in variable A, you need to demonstrate that B happens before A, that every occurrence of B is connected with an occurrence of B, and that no other variable is responsible.
	web.utk.edu /~wrobinso/540_lec_hypo.html (1125 words)

	Abstract Syntax for SWRL
		An empty antecedent is treated as trivially holding (true), and an empty consequent is treated as trivially not holding (false).
		Non-empty antecedents and consequents hold iff all of their constituent atoms hold, i.e., they are treated as conjunctions of their atoms.
		Variables are treated as universally quantified, with their scope limited to a given rule.
	www.daml.org /2003/11/swrl/abstract.html (698 words)

	Week 4 Lecture Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An independent variable is a variable that is used to explain a dependent variable.
		An antecedent variable is one that occurs before the independent variable and the dependent variable.
		The antecedent variable might affect both the IV and the DV, without the IV affecting the DV.
	www.uccs.edu /~pkeilbac/courses/methods/lectures/week4.html (1215 words)

	C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For example, A is an independent variable with respect to B, and B is an independent variable with respect to C, but with respect to A and C both, B is an intervening variable.
		Variables that precede the independent variable are antecedent, and it is assumed that they are always there.
		Either variable could change first, or the changes may be so close in time that telling which came first is impossible to tell.
	www.usca.edu /polisci/apls301/relationships.htm (2476 words)

	Glossary
		Two variables may be spuriously associated because both are affected by an antecedent variable.
		control variable a variable that is held constant during the course of observation or statistical analysis.
		standard deviation a univariate measure of variability or dispersion that indicates the average “spread” of observations about the mean; the square root of the variance, which is calculated by subtracting each value from the mean and squaring the result, then taking the arithmetic average of the squared differences.
	www.holycross.edu /departments/socant/rsinglet/glossary.htm (8863 words)

	[No title]
		If the test variable is antecedent to both the independent and the dependent variable then it is likely that the two variables are empirically related by that there is no causal link.
		The test variable must be antecedent to both the independent and dependent variables, and the partial relationships must be reduced or gone.
		For example, one partial relationship is the same as or stronger than the original 2- variable relationship and the second partial relationship is less than the original and may be reduced to zero.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mtusler/lecture11.html (612 words)

	Tutorial (Fuzzy Logic Toolbox)
		In the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, there are five parts of the fuzzy inference process: fuzzification of the input variables, application of the fuzzy operator (AND or OR) in the antecedent, implication from the antecedent to the consequent, aggregation of the consequents across the rules, and defuzzification.
		In the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, the input is always a crisp numerical value limited to the universe of discourse of the input variable (in this case the interval between 0 and 10) and the output is a fuzzy degree of membership in the qualifying linguistic set (always the interval between 0 and 1).
		If the antecedent of a given rule has more than one part, the fuzzy operator is applied to obtain one number that represents the result of the antecedent for that rule.
	www.mathworks.com /access/helpdesk_r13/help/toolbox/fuzzy/fuzzytu7.html (1239 words)

	Control system for absorption refrigerator - Patent 5138846
		Further in the conventional method of fuzzy logic control, the antecedent membership functions for formulating rules are defined in the range of 0 to 1 in grade, and different input variables exert the same degree of influence on the control input.
		Another object of the invention is to provide a system for controlling an absorption refrigerator wherein antecedent membership functions for one or a plurality of input variables for forming fuzzy rules are weighted according to the degree of influence by the variable on the control input obtained.
		With respect to the input variables dTi, dTci and e, the antecedent membership functions are weighted with 0.4, 0.5 and 0.5, respectively, to diminish the influence of the variables on the control input.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5138846.html (2948 words)

	Tutorial (Fuzzy Logic Toolbox)
		The if-part of the rule "x is A" is called the antecedent or premise, while the then-part of the rule "y is B" is called the consequent or conclusion.
		in which case all parts of the antecedent are calculated simultaneously and resolved to a single number using the logical operators described in the preceding section.
		Apply fuzzy operator to multiple part antecedents: If there are multiple parts to the antecedent, apply fuzzy logic operators and resolve the antecedent to a single number between 0 and 1.
	www.technion.ac.il /guides/matlab/toolbox/fuzzy/fuzzytu5.html (813 words)

	Chapter 11
		Table 2 is an explanation as the control variable explains the relationship between the birth rate and number of storks.
		The intervening variable accounts for some of the relationship between the IV and DV suggesting another variable is involved.
		We use multivariate analysis when it is not possible to randomize and the relationship we expected is not there either because another antecedent variable, a suppressor variable, or an intervening variable has distorted it.
	www.uncc.edu /laahlgri/chapter_11.htm (711 words)

	Glot International, Journal Section
		These various kinds of relations are exactly those that are found in cross-sentential discourse anaphora, as shown by the parallelism between (3a- d) and (4a- d).
		At the same time, the external NP semantically restricts a variable that ends up syntactically bound by a determiner that binds another token of the same variable within the relative clause, and it thus seems possible to view the former token as `anteceding' the latter at the appropriate level of representation.
		Note that the variable designated by the trace of the null operator does not end up bound by an element of the matrix, as required by (2), nor is it in any sense "semantically shared" by the matrix clause (see (1) and ensuing text).
	www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/Gi6206/GI6602_SOA.htm (11487 words)

	Alternative Assessment Strategies
		In other words, the trigger, or antecedent for the behavior, may not be something that anyone else can directly observe, and, therefore, must be identified using indirect measures.
		This hypothesis predicts the general conditions under which the behavior is most and least likely to occur (antecedents), as well as the probable consequences that serve to maintain it.
		It is then desirable to manipulate various conditions to verify the assumptions made by the team regarding the function of the behavior.
	cecp.air.org /fba/problembehavior/strategies.htm (1439 words)

	Elements of a Research Study (Tutorial) - PART 1 OF 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Variables are any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study.
		Thus, it may be helpful to note which variables will be used as independent (antecedent) variables and which will be used as dependent (outcome) variables.
		In the most simplest terms, the independent (antecedent) variable is the one that the researcher uses to predict changes in other variables.
	www.psy.pdx.edu /PsyTutor/Tutorials/Research/Elements/P1.htm (489 words)

	Variable Inductor in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An antecedent variable is a variable that occurs before the independent variable and the dependent variable..., the variable relationship formula would look like this Antecedent variable interest in cause Independent..
		In a general circulation model, a diagnostic variable is a quantity that is derived for the new timestep after the prognostic variable s have been calculated, for example vertical wind speed.
		An intervening variable is a hypothetical construct that attempts to explain relationships between variables, and especially the relationships between independent variable s and dependent variable s.
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Variable+Inductor (759 words)

	Lab 7 - Elaboration
		In the case of a spurious relationship we must also determine whether the control variable is antecedent to the two variables or intervening between them.
		An intervening variable is a variable that is prior in time to one of the original variables but occurs after the other.
		You could argue that the control variable is antecedent to both the dependent and the independent variable, that is to say that political ideology determines party affiliation.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~josephf/pol242/LM-Elaboration.htm (1560 words)

	methodsnotessp2002part2
		Variables have different causal roles, but this is determined by our causal our causal model, it is not inherent in the variables.
		If the antecedent variable "explains" the relationship, we have an "explanation", we say it is "spurious".
		The variable with arrows running into it is the dependent variable for that equation.
	crab.rutgers.edu /~goertzel/methodsnotessp2002part2.htm (1912 words)

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