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Topic: Antennule

In the News (Fri 10 Jul 09)

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Hugh Jackman

	Olfaction in Courtship
		In the female excision experiment, the antennules of female lobsters were removed while those of males were left intact; the results should elucidate the role of female olfaction in lobster courtship and mating behavior.
		The excision operation was straightforward: the antennules were snipped off at the base with a pair of sharp scissors.
		Perhaps this female had begun courtship before her antennules were removed and was able to continue the sequence, although there was no premolt cohabitation.
	www.crewdog.net /lobsterpage/lobstrs/articles/olfact.html (3759 words)

	Scientists study how the lobster's nose knows: 12/01
		As the plume flowed downstream toward the lobster, the robotic antennule was flicked through the water over timescales similar to those seen in live lobsters about 100 milliseconds for the fast downstroke and 300 milliseconds for the slower upstroke, with a 400 millisecond pause between each flick.
		The researchers found that the rapid downstroke at the beginning of the sniff turned the antennule into a "sieve," allowing water to flow between the aesthetascs and bringing the fluorescent dye directly into contact with the odor-sensitive cells.
		But when the antennule slowly returned to its original position, it acted more like a "paddle"; instead of rushing between the aesthetascs, most of the dye-laden water flowed around them, leaving the pattern of dye picked up by the aesthetascs during the downstroke intact.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/01/lobster125.html (816 words)

	Hydrodynamic Interactions Between Olfactory Appendages and Odor Plumes - Storming Media
		Analysis of the plume data shows that while the peak rms concentration occurs along the centerline of the plume (in the horizontal plane) the peak non-dimensionalized (by the local mean concentration) rms values lie at the edge of the plume.
		The presence of hairs (versus no hairs) on the lobster antennules greatly influences the duration of time that the odorant is in contact with the antennule during any flicking operation.
		Flicking has a substantial affect on the redistribution of the odorant on the antennule, and the flicking operation increases the concentration of odorant at the antennule.
	www.stormingmedia.us /05/0585/A058573.html (440 words)

	Figures: Natural History, The Crayfish, T. H. Huxley, 1879
		In this and in succeeding figures the numbers of the somites are given in Roman, those of the appendages in ordinary numerals.
		1, eye-stalk; 2, antennule; 3, antenna; 4, mandible; 8, second maxillipede; 9, third or external maxillipede; 10, forceps; 11, first leg; 14, fourth leg; 15, 16, 19, 20, first, second, fifth, and sixth abdominal appendages; X, XI, XIV, sterna of the fourth, fifth, and eight thoracic somite; XVI, sternum of the second abdominal somite.
		A, eye-stalk; B, antennule; C, antenna of the left side (x 3).
	www2.biology.ualberta.ca /palmer/thh/cf.htm (2949 words)

	Fluid Dynamic Design of Lobster Olfactory Organs: High Speed Kinematic Analysis of Antennule Flicking by Panulirus ...
		of an antennule and the mid-point of the region of the flagellum
		Arrows indicate the velocity of motion of the lateral flagellum of the antennule at its tip and at the mid-point of the tuft of hairs.
		The direction of antennule motion is indicated by the dotted arrow and the direction of water motion relative to the antennule is indicated by the solid arrow.
	chemse.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/4/385 (8259 words)

	olfactometer
		The lobster antennule is placed within the hole of the flume and corked off using a rubber stopper with a hole in it's center.
		The antennule and stopper are then screwed down using a stainless steel plate and the brain of the lobster is connected to the EEG recording instrument.
		One problem with the prep is that the antennule was vertical within the flume which necessitated us to move the rotating mirror towards the laser to get a sufficient angle on the light sheet.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~mattr/Olfactometer.html (3480 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		However, reports on defense problem of the aesthetasc scesilla in the antennules being vulnerable to damage themselves are very rare.
		Our results showed that, the antennules of S. serrata were symmetrical in shape and location, and had no significant sexual dimorphism (Table 1).
		An antennule of S. serrata consisted of three segments, which were subcoxa, coxa and basis, the most distal bearing the inner and outer flagella (Plate Ⅰ:1).
	www.actazool.org /paperdetail.asp?id=397&volume=48&number=6&bgpage=804&endpage=811&year=2002&month=12 (688 words)

	11.30.2001 - Lobster sniffing: how lobsters' hairy noses capture smells from the sea
		On some lobsters, the antennules can be rather short, though in the foot-long Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, they are between 3 and 4 inches long, with split ends.
		Fresh antennules from lobsters could be mounted on this mechanical lobster and moved by a computerized motor to reproduce the motion of a flicking antennule.
		While flicking the antennule, they made high-speed, close-up videos of the eddies and filaments in the dye plume to determine if and how the dye penetrated the array of chemosensory hairs at the antennule's tip.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2001/11/30_lobst.html (1095 words)

	Two sniffing strategies in palinurid lobsters -- Goldman and Patek 205 (24): 3891 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		The antennules are composed of antennular peduncles with three segments (p1, p2 and p3) and antennular flagella (af).
		The location of the antennule edge was determined by superimposing a line tangent (tl) to the motion of the arc swept by the lateral flagellum.
		The antennule lengths were divided by body size to show proportional differences across taxa.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/24/3891 (5870 words)

	Growth-Related and Antennular Amputation-Induced Changes in the Olfactory Centers of Crayfish Brain -- Sandeman et al. ...
		Amputations were performed with small scissors, and both flagella of the left antennule of the experimental animals were removed.
		The relationship of the number of aesthetasc sensilla on the antennule to body size ranging from the first appearance of the sensilla at POII (3 mm carapace length) to adults with a carapace length of 6 cm.
		Stages in the reconstitution of an antennule of an animal in which one antennule was amputated at the POI stage.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/16/6195 (7674 words)

	Wired News: Robo Lobster to Sniff Out Mines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		"The antennule is slipped over the wire like a sock, and then the computer is programmed to flick the antennule in the same way as the real ones do," said Mimi Koehl, professor of integrative biology at the University of California at Berkeley.
		By analyzing high-speed videotapes taken of the tank action, the researchers were able to establish how the size, motion and hair structure within the antennule enabled it to analyze the odor plume.
		While the team has a lot of information on the size, motion and activity of the antennule, they have yet to understand how the lobster turns the information gleaned from the odor plume into an understanding of where the source lies -- this will be the next stage of their research.
	www.wired.com /news/print/0,1294,48892,00.html (950 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The mechanism by which the the odorant molecules arrive at the organs responsible for olfaction can offer researchers great insight into the biomechanical principles and design associated with the particular organ, and the lobster species offers a convenient subject of study in the laboratory.
		My principle goal of the project is to investigate the velocity profile around the lobster antennule to find out why the particular species' antennule has the novel structure as it does and to perhaps maximize the advantages for further use.
		My job involves designing the visualization method in a flow tank using a previously constructed lobster antennule model whose movement is controlled by an attached computer terminal, and the digitization of the filmed footage of fluid flow around the antennule.
	www.ccsi.com /firstmarket/fitzroy/WilliamHu.html (179 words)

	WWD - Antenule Czuki (2 Pary) Antenule. Anteny Pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/stawonogi - May 22, 2004 - 14 Kb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The lateral antennule is the nose of the lobster and contains both chemo- and mechano tuning properties of the lateral antennule have been well characterized through previous
		edge of one of the split ends of each antennule is a brush of hairs sensitive to chemicals by a computerized motor to reproduce the motion of a flicking antennule
		olfactory receptor neurons on the antennule of the spiny lobster.
	www.atsakymas.net /antennule/antenule.html (325 words)

	ONR Media Area - Article: Scent of a Lobster
		Mimi Koehl at University of California, Berkeley and her colleagues are studying the small hairs on the lobsters' olfactory antennules.
		A computerized motor reproduced the motion of a real lobster's flicking antennule, and a high-speed camera caught the filaments of dye flowing into the chemosensory hairs when the lobster rapidly flicked its antennule.
		Apparently, with each flick of the antennule, a detailed map of the swirling filaments of odor in a plume is captured.
	www.onr.navy.mil /media/article.asp?ID=36 (1680 words)

	Suborder Flabellifera
		Antennule peduncle article 1 longer than articles 2 or 3; antennule article 2 arising at right angle to article 1; maxilliped endite barely reaching (or extending barely beyond) first palp article; maxilliped endite without coupling setae; antennae long, extending beyond pereonite 7; lateral margins of pleonite 5 not encompassed by pleonite 4
		Antennule peduncle article 2 or 3 longest; antennule article 2 not arising at right angle to article 1; maxilliped endite extending well beyond first palp article, usually to distal margin of second palp article; maxilliped endite with coupling setae; antennae length variable; lateral margins of pleonite 5 variable.
		Antennule peduncle article 3 always longer than 1 or 2; clypeus short, broad, flat, and sessile, not projecting ventrally.
	tolweb.org /tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/crustacea/isopoda/accessory/caguide/flabellifera.html (2514 words)

	Wired News: Robo Lobster to Sniff Out Mines
		To avoid this problem, the researchers discarded the live lobster in favor of a recently shed lobster exoskeleton, which they filled with epoxy to weigh it down in a tank of water.
		One of the lobster's antennules was replaced with a computer-controlled steel wire, and then a real antennule was slipped onto the wire before each experimental trial.
		As the plume flowed downstream toward the lobster, the robotic antennule was flicked through the water at the same speed that a real lobster would move it -- about 100 milliseconds for the fast downstroke and 300 milliseconds for the slower upstroke, with a 400 millisecond pause between each flick.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,48892,00.html (721 words)

	Scientists study how the lobster's nose knows
		As the plume flowed downstream toward the lobster, the robotic antennule was flicked through the water over timescales similar to those seen in live lobsters - about 100 milliseconds for the fast downstroke and 300 milliseconds for the slower upstroke, with a 400 millisecond pause between each flick.
		Video images of the flow then were analyzed to determine where and when the dye came into contact with the antennule`s aesthetascs - tiny hairs arrayed along the length of the antennule and covered with odor-sensitive cells.
		The study, ``Lobster sniffing: Antennule design and hydrodynamic filtering of information in an odor plume,`` will appear in the Nov. 30 issue of the journal Science.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-11/su-ssh112701.php (866 words)

	Matt Reidenbach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		argus are the lateral filaments of its antennules; the lobster "sniffs" by flicking the antennule.
		In this technique, the scaled model is towed through a highly viscous fluid such that the Reynolds number, and thus the flow properties, is the same as that of the actual antennule flicking in seawater.
		Ultimately, odorant structure around the living lobster antennule, combined with velocity data around the scaled model, will be used in an advection/diffusion model to calculate the temporal patterns of the flux of odor molecules to receptor neurons.
	ib.berkeley.edu /labs/koehl/Stud/MattR/reidenbach.html (488 words)

	Faculty Profile - Department of Biology at Georgia State University -
		We have demonstrated continuous turnover of olfactory neurons in the antennule, showing that cells mature within several months after birth, and survive for ca.
		We are examining the dynamics to this turnover, using cell and molecular techniques.
		We are identifying genes that control this continuous growth of the antennule, including identifying proneural and neurogenic genes and other transcription factors, and the role of serine proteases.
	biology.gsu.edu /cderby (647 words)

	Kristina Mead
		I look at how stomatopods (mantis shrimp) use their antennules to investigate distant odor sources such as potential prey or future mates.
		To investigate antennule kinematics, Mike O'Donnell and I put animals ranging from 8.4 mm to 52 mm in length into artificial burrows and filmed them using high-speed video.
		The combined changes in aesthetasc size and in antennule tangential velocity cause the Reynolds number (Re) that describes flow around an aesthetasc during a flick to increase 9-fold as the animals grow from small juveniles to large adults.
	ib.berkeley.edu /labs/koehl/Stud/Kristina/mead.html (531 words)

	Amy Bruestle 2002-2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Because flow environment affects the structure of odor plumes, I hypothesized that species from different flow environments would have different numbers and arrangements of chemosensors along their antennule filaments.
		This study utilizes both light and scanning electron microscopy to measure a variety of parameters that describe aesthetasc arrangement and structure in seven species of crayfish.
		I found that some parameters (aesthetasc size and arrangement) varied as a function of flow environment, and that some parameters (aesthetasc distribution and arrangement) varied as a function of position.
	www.denison.edu /biology/majors/SeniorResearch2003/ABruestle.html (143 words)

	Fine-scale patterns of odor encounter by the antennules of mantis shrimp tracking turbulent plumes in wave-affected and ...
		Fine-scale patterns of odor encounter by the antennules of mantis shrimp tracking turbulent plumes in wave-affected and unidirectional flow -- Mead et al.
		The top portion of each panel shows odor concentration along the left antennule, and the bottom portion shows odor concentration along the right antennule during the same successful track.
		Only odor structure encountered by the outer portion of the antennule (where the aesthetascs are located) is shown.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/1/181 (6793 words)

	Vanessa Miller-Sims
		The lateral antennule is the nose of the lobster and contains both chemo- and mechano- receptors.
		The chemical tuning properties of the lateral antennule have been well characterized through previous research in the Atema lab.
		Currently I am characterizing the mechanoreception properties of whole lateral antennule movement by placing the lateral antennule in an oscillating chamber and taking extracellular recordings at different frequencies and amplitudes.
	people.bu.edu /6131 (460 words)

	Biological Bulletin, The: Antennule Use by the American Lobster, Homarus americanus, During Chemo-orientation in Three ...
		The American lobster, Homarus americanus, may use the dynamics and spatial distribution of chemical signals for guidance to the source of a turbulent odor plume (1, 2, 3).
		Other studies have shown that lobsters orient most efficiently when they are able to use both of their lateral antennules (4, 5).
		These results lead us to wonder whether the use of antennules by the plume-tracking lobster varies with the type of turbulence the lobster encounters.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_hb1456/is_199910/ai_n6380451 (328 words)

	Lobster Sniffing: How Lobsters' Hairy Noses Capture Smells From The Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		What they found is that, during the downstroke, the lobster pushes the antennule through the water just fast enough for the water and dye to penetrate into the brush of sensory hairs, maintaining much of the detail in the swirls of dye.
		On the return stroke, however, it sweeps more slowly, and the water is unable to move between the hairs.
		The fine filaments of dye that penetrated between the hairs during the downstroke are trapped within the brush of hairs until the next rapid downstroke.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/12/011203060730.htm (1244 words)

	Diacyclops puuc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Evolutionary Origins: The reduced antennule supports and hypothesis that Diacyclops are derived from some benthic ancestor resembling D.
		First, it is thought that the 11-segmented antennule was derived directly from a 16 or 17-segmented antennule.
		The second indication may be the relatively long antennule of both species, which reaches the middle of the second thoracic somite (Fiers et al., 1996).
	www.tamug.tamu.edu /cavebiology/fauna/copepods/D_puuc.html (277 words)

	Fluid Dynamic Design of Lobster Olfactory Organs: High Speed Kinematic Analysis of Antennule Flicking by Panulirus ...
		w, width of lateral branch of antennule; x, distance between guard hairs along one segment; y, distance between guard hairs on adjacent segments; Ant, antennule; GH, guard hair; Ae, aesthetasc; AS, asymmetric sensillum.
		Figure 2 Diagram of a cross-section of a lateral branch of a right antennule (as viewed from its distal end) of P.
		(A) Antennule flicking by an undisturbed lobster standing still in a 246 l aquarium to which no food (shrimp) had been added during the previous 24 h.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/4/385 (8259 words)

	OLFACTORY FLICKING IN STOMATOPODS: CHANGES IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER SURROUNDING THE CHEMOSENSORY SENSILLAE AS A FUNCTION ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This abrupt movement facilitates odorant access to the chemosensory setae (aesthetascs) on the lateral flagellum of the antennule.
		We found that the Reynolds numbers (Re) describing flow around stomatopod aesthetascs change dramatically as the animals grow from juveniles to adults (from 0.2 to 1.8 for the outward motion of the flick and from 0.1 to 0.9 for the return part of the flick).
		Flow visualization around dynamically scaled physical models of aesthetasc-bearing antennule segments from large and small stomatopods reveals the structure of the boundary layer, the time required for odorants to diffuse through the boundary layer, and the sample volume per flick.
	www.aslo.org /santafe99/abstracts/SS16TH0900H.html (246 words)

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