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Topic: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treatment and Rehabilitation
		The knee is stabilized by four main ligaments,: 2 collateral ligaments (medial and lateral) and 2 cruciate ligaments both anterior (front) and posterior (back).
		The ACL is injured either through twisting the knee or through an impact to the side of the knee - often the outside, such as a rugby tackle.
		Surgical reconstruction of the ACL is performed using either an extraarticular technique (taking a structure that lies outside the joint capsule such as a portion of the hamstring tendon) or an intraarticular technique (using a structure from within the knee such as part of the patellar tendon) which will replace the anterior cruciate ligament.
	www.sportsinjuryclinic.net /cybertherapist/front/knee/anteriorcruciate.htm (1013 words)

	anterior cruciate ligament on-line
		In the center of the knee are the two cruciate ligaments whose function is to prevent the anterior and posterior translation (movement) of the tibia relative to the femur.
		Knee anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) occurs to athletes during sports activity in 85% of cases (football, skiing, rugby, handball, soccer etc.) : it is a frequent, invalidating and evolutionary lesion.
		ACL injuries are commonly the result of non-contact mechanisms, with a valgus force applied to a flexed knee and in external rotation or in varus and internal rotation.
	www.orthopedie.com /en/anterior_cruciate_ligament/index.htm (845 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An anterior cruciate ligament injury is extreme stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee.
		Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) -- lies in the middle of the knee.
		The "unhappy triad" is a classic example, in which the ACL is torn at the same time as the MCL and the medial meniscus (one of the shock-absorbing cartilages in the knee).
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/001074.html (902 words)

	anterior cruciate ligament injuries \| anterior cruciate rehabilitation
		The word 'cruciate' in this key ligament's name means cross-shaped or marked with a cross, a seemingly odd designation for a straight strap of connective tissue which is roughly the size of one's little finger.
		Basically, the ACL prevents hyperextension of the knee, limits excessive forward movement of the tibia during knee flexion, and controls internal rotation of the tibia.
		It's possible that the ACL also controls external rotation of the tibia, especially since it tends to be wrapped around the inside of the lateral femoral condyle (the bony projection at the outside bottom of your femur).
	www.sportsinjurybulletin.com /archive/anterior-cruciate-ligament.html (2332 words)

	anterior cruciate ligament repair
		The anterior cruciate ligament is the smallest of the four main ligaments in the knee..
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of four knee ligaments that connect the upper leg bone (femur) with the lower leg bone.
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizing ligaments in the knee......
	anterior-cruciate-ligament-repair.search4it.org (832 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament
		By understanding how to diagnose one of the most common sports injuries, an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, realizing the causes, and providing the proper treatment, an orthopedic doctor can help a patient minimize his or her risk of experiencing long-term problems that may be associated with this injury.
		But, because the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an intraarticular ligament, which means it lies deep inside the knee joint and cannot be felt from the outside, the area that is affected by the injury cannot be detected (Scott 69).
		The anterior cruciate ligament is also vulnerable to injury due to the high speed in the sport of skiing and the constant twisting that occurs in the leg.
	www.ecu.edu /cs-lib/Reference/Instruction/LuttmerACL.cfm (3182 words)

	ACL - The Anterior Cruciate Ligament
		The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee.
		The ACL may not be the only ligament injured when the knee is twisted violently, such as in a clipping injury in football.
		Ligaments and tendons do not show up on x-rays, but bleeding into the joint also occurs when a fracture through the knee joint is present, or when portions of the joint surface are chipped off.
	www.usgyms.net /acl.htm (1814 words)

	Anterior cruciate ligament tear - DynoMed.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The ACL, or Anterior Cruciate Ligament, is a ligament in the center of the knee that becomes damaged when twisted too far, such as in a skiing accident or some sport that requires rapid rotation or pivoting.
		There are four ligaments that are critical to the stability of the knee joint, and the ACL, which runs down the middle of the knee, is the one most frequently injured. A ligament is made of tough fibrous material and functions to control excessive motion by limiting joint mobility. Ligaments help to stabilize the knee.
		There are a number of surgical methods for reconstructing (as opposed to repairing) the torn ACL, and the type of procedure chosen depends on the judgment of the surgeon, who considers factors unique to each individual patient. In most cases the ACL is reconstructed using another tendon from around the knee.
	www.dynomed.com /encyclopedia/encyclopedia/knee_and_lower_leg/Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament_Tear.html (569 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizing ligaments in the knee.
		Ligaments are strong, leather-like fibers of connective tissue that enclose a joint.
		Most ligament tears are caused by severe forces, but the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may be damaged by moderate forces such as landing from a jump.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/412/604/main.html (570 words)

	Southern California Veterinary Surgical Group - Anterior Cruciate Rupture
		The biomechanics of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament coincide with the functions of the ligament, which acts as a constraint against the bone (the tibia) moving forward on the other (the femur).
		The most common mechanism for anterior cruciate rupture comes with sudden rotation of the stifle when the joint is in flexion (i.e.: a sudden right turn on the weight-bearing right rear pivot limb).
		The ligament also ruptures if the knee is hit from the front (as when a football player is hit from the front or when a dog steps in a hole and catches its foot or when jumping).
	www.artreality.com /portfolio/wdwork/vet/anteriorcruciaterupture.htm (745 words)

	References
		The results of intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with either the patellar tendon or the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (four strands) were prospectively compared in a consecutive series of 60 patients with chronic injuries.
		The soft tissues of the infrapatellar fat pad, the tibial remnant of the anterior cruciate ligament, and the posterior synovial tissues contributed to this synovial vasculature.
		The medial portion of the ACL was loaded to tensile failure at rates of 0.003, 0.3, and 113 mm/s, and the middle third of the PT was loaded at rates of 0.008, 0.8, and 113 mm/s.
	www.aclstudygroup.com /references.htm (15792 words)

	What Is The Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important of four strong ligaments connecting the bones of the knee joint.
		Ligaments are dense structures of connective tissue that fasten bone to bone and stabilize the knee.
		Of the four major ligaments in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament are most often injured in sports.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/acltears/ACL_whatis.html (1129 words)

	Sports Medicine Advisor 2002.1: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Sprain
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the major ligaments in the middle of the knee.
		The anterior cruciate ligament is frequently injured in forced twisting motions of the knee.
		If you have torn your anterior cruciate ligament in an injury that occurred months or years ago and you haven't had reconstructive surgery, you may have the feeling that the knee is giving way during twisting or pivoting movements.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/sma/sma_ancrulig_sma.htm (1148 words)

	Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
		The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) lies in the middle of the knee.
		ACL injuries are often associated with other injuries.Â The âunhappy triadâ is a classic example, where the ACL is torn at the same time as the MCL and the lateral meniscus (one of the shock absorbing cartilages in the knee).
		An ACL injury should be treated with a splint, ice, elevation of the joint (above the level of the heart), and pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like Motrin).
	www.renhealthcare.org /adam/ency/article/001074.html (707 words)

	eMedicine - Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury : Article by John D Hubbell
		On the femur, the ACL is attached to a fossa on the posteromedial edge of the lateral femoral condyle.
		The average tensile strength for the ACL is 2160 N. This is slightly less than the strength of the posterior cruciate ligament and approximately half as strong as the medial collateral ligament (MCL).
		The 3 major categories of failure in an ACL reconstruction are (1) arthrofibrosis (due to inflammation of the synovium and fat pad), (2) pain that limits motion, and (3) recurrent instability, secondary to significant laxity in the reconstructed ligament.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic9.htm (4216 words)

	IASM \| Institute For Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine - Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
		The Injury: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabilizing ligament of the knee.
		Because the ACL is such an important stabilizer of the knee, injury to the ligament makes it difficult to participate in aggressive twisting sports.
		ACL Tightening (Shrinkage): We are currently performing a study utilizing a new technique which tightens the partially torn or stretched ACL.
	www.iasm.com /kneeacl.html (1184 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
		The anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly disrupted ligament in the knee.
		A tear of the anterior cruciate is often associated with a meniscal or a collateral ligament tear.
		Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate is a surgical procedure.
	www.sportsmedcenter.com /acl.htm (1009 words)

	THE KNEE JOINT - Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Injury & Prevention
		The ligament is crucial for guiding the tibia in a normal path along the end of the femur and maintains joint stability.
		Complete ruptures of the ligament produce bleeding into the knee; the reason why a swollen knee occurs after a rupture is that the swelling represents blood in the joint.
		The anterior cruciate ligament is the key stabilizer of the knee.
	www.stoneclinic.com /kjoin.htm (1003 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
		The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of four ligaments in the knee.
		Unfortunately, tears of the ACL are common and occur with twisting activities (such as playing basketball, tennis and soccer, or skiing) and direct blow injuries (such as those that occur in football).
		Most people with a torn ACL are unwilling to give up their activities and have a strong desire to prevent further damage to the knee.
	www.pamf.org /sports/king/anterior_cruciate.html (2480 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		An in vitro study of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments.
		The physiology of mechanoreceptors in the anterior cruciate ligament.
		An in vitro study of joint kinematics and anterior cruciate ligament graft tension.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/anterior_cruciate_ligament (412 words)

	ACL Surgery In A Dog, Information About Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
		ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) surgery in dogs is a commonly done surgical procedure in veterinary practice.
		When the anterior cruciate ligament is torn or stretched, instead of moving like a hinge, the knee joint will actually make a sliding motion.
		Most commonly seen in larger breeds of dogs and in dogs that are overweight, the ACL surgical procedure does not actually repair the torn ligament but rather replaces the ligament with artificial material that takes over the function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament.
	www.thepetcenter.com /sur/ACL.html (1043 words)

	Bodybuilding Knee Injury, Exercise Knee Injury, Common Knee Injuries, Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain
		The function of such ligament is to avert excessive movement of the shin with respect to the thigh and also prevent excessive rotation at the knee joint.
		The treatment of the knee injury is relative to the extent of ligament rupture and the subsequent functional impairment, the age of the patient and the level of sporting activity.
		The medial collateral ligament is the large ligament bridging the thigh bone and the shin bone, which is located on the inside of the knee.
	www.wowbodybuilding.com /injury-during-exercise/knee-injury.html (664 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
		To maintain stability through this range of motion there are two cruciate ligaments, one anterior (toward the front of the knee) and one posterior.
		The ligament also ruptures if the knee is hit from the front (as when a football player is hit from the front or when a dog steps in a hole and catches its foot or when he/she falls forward when jumping).
		In either case, any damaged portion of the meniscus and all remnants of the ruptured cruciate ligament are removed or repaired at the time of corrective cruciate surgery.
	devinefarm.net /rp/cruciate.htm (761 words)

	Total knee replacement, Arthroscopy, ACL repair India
		In the knee there are four ligaments, the anterior cruciate, the posterior cruciate, the medial collateral and the lateral collateral.
		The posterior cruciate ligament arises from the top of the tibia and is inserted to the inner aside of the lower end of the femur at the front.
		An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament is the rarest of all ligament injuries in the knee.
	www.kneeindia.com /view_links1.asp?lid=14 (343 words)

	Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in Dogs
		Two ligaments crisscross in the joint from the femur to the tibia and are called cruciate ligaments (cruciate means cross).
		The one towards the front of the leg is called the anterior cruciate ligament and the one crossing behind it is the posterior cruciate ligament.
		In some instances, if the cruciate ligament is only partially torn, the animal is older, has medical conditions which could affect healing, or the owners will not be able to keep the dog quiet for a number of weeks after surgery, medical treatment is used.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?cls=2&cat=1569&articleid=474 (1035 words)

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