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Topic: Anterior horn

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	WEAKNESS-
		Because the anterior horn cells that innervate different muscles in the upper and lower extremities are present at different segments of the spinal cord, a whole extremity is not presented at a single level.
		Because one anterior horn cell/motor axon innervates a number of muscle fibers, it follows that disease of an anterior horn cell or its axon results in denervation of a number of muscle fibers.
		With damage to an anterior horn cell or a motor axon the denervated muscle fibers usually become reinnervated by another motor axon with the result that more muscle fibers are innervated by the same anterior horn cell or motor axon in close proximity to the EMG needle.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /SClinic/Weakness/Weakness.htm (3584 words)

	Knee module: Ligaments and menisci: Collateral ligaments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Its anterior horn attaches to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia, anterior to the attachment of the ACL.
		Its anterior horn attaches anterior to the intercondylar eminence, posterolateral to the ACL.
		Its posterior horn attaches posterior to the intercondylar eminence, anterior to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~anatomy/knee/ligaments/ligamen3.html (234 words)

	Anterior horn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Anterior horn can refer to two separate anatomical structures within the central nervous system:
		The anterior division of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anterior_horn (95 words)

	Ventricles ( Lateral View )
		The anterior horn is positioned in front of the interventricular foramen, which connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.
		The anterior horns of the lateral ventricle are separated by two triangular-shaped membranes known as the septum pellucidum.
		This is sometimes referred to as the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle because it is in an area of the brain called the temporal lobe.
	www.psyweb.com /Brain/brainv0.jsp (789 words)

	EURORAD
		A linear structure of low signal intensity, on all sequences, was found connecting the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus with the anterior horn of the medial meniscus.
		On performing an arthroscopy, it was found that the structure originated from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and extended over the intercondylar notch to insert into the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, representing a medial oblique menisco-meniscal ligament.
		The medial oblique menisco-meniscal ligament (Fig.1b) is the one that connects the anterior horn of the medial meniscus with the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, and the lateral menisco-meniscal ligament (Fig.1c) is the one that connects the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus with the posterior horn of the medial meniscus [3].
	www.eurorad.org /eurorad/case.php?id=3327 (631 words)

	Meniscofemoral Ligaments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ligaments connecting the anterior horns of the menisci to the intercondylar area of the femur have been found infrequently; that from the medial meniscus is called the antero-medial meniscofemoral ligament
		In all 20 knees, the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was connected to the intercondylar area of the femur by one or two meniscofemoral ligaments that were often difficult to find because of abundant fatty tissue.
		We found that the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is attached to the femur by at least one ligament in 100 % of the knees.
	ams.cu.edu.tr /September2000Vol9No3/belgin.html (1051 words)

	anterior horn - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The anterior horn of the spinal cord is a column of grey matter containing a type of nerve cell called alpha motor neurons.
		All peripheral motor nerves (the efferent nerves) originate in the anterior horn.
		Although multiple sclerosis is predominately a disease of the white matter, damage to the white matter that connects to the anterior horn causes apparent muscle weakness (asthenia).
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /anteriorhorn.html (122 words)

	eMedicine - Knee, Meniscal Tears (MRI) : Article by Michael R Aiello, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 11% of patients, the anterior horn is not attached to the tibia.
		The posteromedial horn of the MM and the anterior horn of the MM near the roots may have a normal speckled appearance (see Images 34, 44, and 46).
		The normal posterior horn of the LM slopes obliquely upward from lateral to medial, as it ascends from the lateral tibial plateau to its insertion on the posterior tibial eminence.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic852.htm (14996 words)

	Anterior knee pain - knee dictionary
		'Anterior knee pain syndrome' means 'the group of symptoms which are frequently associated with pain in the front of the knee'.
		This is one of the most common of knee complaints and probably the one where clinicians most frequently fail to understand or fully assess the problem prior to undertaking surgery.
		Anterior knee pain syndrome may be caused by one or a number of:
	www.kneeguru.co.uk /html/dictionary/anterior_knee_pain.html (265 words)

	Week 7 Lab... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The inferior horn is in the temporal lobe.
		Thus, the caudate nucleus is in the floor of the anterior horn and the body; and in the roof of the inferior horn.
		The frontal pole is blunt or round, the anterior horns of the lateral ventricle are close to the midline.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hb207/02weekpages/wk07/week07_4lab.htm (1761 words)

	LONI: LONI Resource \| Downloads \| Protocols \| Segmentation \| Ventricles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The lateral segment of the superior horn should be traced beginning at the termination point of the medial segment.
		The medial and lateral segments of the posterior horn should continue in the directions of the medial and lateral segments of the superior horn.
		For the inferior horn, superior and inferior segments are traced from medially to laterally.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /NCRR/Downloads/Protocols/Seg_Ventricles.html (345 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 183, Disorders Of The Peripheral Nervous System
		Muscular weakness and atrophy and signs of anterior horn cell dysfunction are initially noted most often in the hands and less often in the feet.
		Anterior horn cell involvement outpaces corticospinal involvement, and progression is more benign.
		Disorders that may begin in infancy or childhood, characterized by skeletal muscle wasting due to progressive degeneration of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and motor nuclei in the brain stem.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section14/chapter183/183b.jsp (876 words)

	eMedicine - Knee, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (MRI) : Article by Anton M Allen, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear with subtle abnormally flattened axis of the anterior cruciate ligament.
		Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency in pediatric patient secondary to tibial avulsion fracture.
		Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency secondary to distal tibial bony avulsion.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic853.htm (8654 words)

	Post Polio
		The anterior horn cell is the starting point — the life generator — of the motor nerve fiber.
		The anterior horn cell relays information from the brain, via the spinal cord, to the rest of the motor nerve that then communicates with the muscle.
		The part of the nerve that travels from the anterior horn cell and the muscle is called the peripheral part of the nerve.
	www.wehelpwhathurts.homestead.com /postpolio.html (568 words)

	SECTION 7 - J (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The axon of a given anterior horn cell passes from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the effector muscle via the anterior root.
		This action potential is received by some of the alpha motor neurons in the anterior horn innervating the stimulated muscle which fire action potentials back to the muscle that was stretched (quadriceps femoris), causing the innervated motor units to twitch in response.
		Anterior horn cells of antagonistic muscles are inhibited by an inhibitory local circuit interneuron (GABA as transmitter) stimulated to fire by yet another parallel connection coming from the Ia afferent.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~alanburr/neurobio/studentsyll97/7kimomotorbasicreflex.htm (7415 words)

	The Clinical Significance of Anterior Horn Meniscal Tears Diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Images -- Shepard et al. 30 ...
		The Clinical Significance of Anterior Horn Meniscal Tears Diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Images -- Shepard et al.
		clinically significant lesions of the anterior horn of the meniscus
		Increased signal intensity at the anterior horn of
	ajs.sagepub.com /cgi/content/abstract/30/2/189 (377 words)

	Neurofilamentous axonal swellings as a normal finding in the spinal anterior horn of man and other primates. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		To define the nature and extent of axonal swellings in the normal spinal anterior horn, we studied the spinal cords of patients five days to 83 years of age from a general autopsy population.
		Axonal swellings were routinely found in the anterior horn of the cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord.
		The swellings measure 5-50 micron in diameter and are most numerous at the anterior edge of the anterior horn.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6539362.html (259 words)

	Neurological Exam: Spinal Cord: Lesions: Degenerative Diseases - Poliomyelitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He was admitted to the hospital where examination revealed nuchal rigidity, a flaccid paresis with muscle fasciculation, hypotonia and hyporeflexia of the left upper extremity which was most pronounced in the biceps and deltoid muscles.
		Clinical diagnosis was poliomyelitis with involvement limited to the anterior horn cells on the left side, principally in the C-5,6 segments of the cord.
		Lower motor neuron signs, e.g., coarse fasciculations are seen as the muscles weaken; atrophy and hypotonia are detectable within 3 weeks of onset due to the killing of anterior horn cells.
	isc.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/lesions/6.htm (232 words)

	The Late Effects Of Polio: An Eleven Year Experience Managing Post Polio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The distribution of weakness or paralysis depended on which anterior horn cells were involved; spinal anterior horn cells involvement resulted in weakness or paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk to one degree or another, while bulbar (brainstem) anterior horn cell involvement resulted in visual, swallowing, or breathing difficulties in any combination.
		The anterior horn cell or motor neuron as it is also called is the nerve cell which innervates the skeletal muscle fibres.
		The motor neuron (anterior horn cell) aand all the muscle fibers that it innervates is called the motor unit.
	polio.dyndns.org /polio/documents_library/Late_Effects_Polio_11_Year_Experience_Manage_PP.html (2732 words)

	Rapid onset transverse myelitis in adolescence: implications for pathogenesis and prognosis -- Wilmshurst et al. 80 ...
		of the cord consistent with the anterior horns.
		extent of neuroimaging intensity, and anterior horn cell involvement.
		Poliomyelitis: hyperintensity of the anterior horn cells in MR images of the spinal cord.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/80/2/137 (2827 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The lateral cell group of the anterior horn is divided into two, three or four columns by different authors.
		The posterior horns of the lumbo-sacral segments contain a number of small cells, such as are found in the posterior horns throughout the spinal cord.
		The axons of the cells of the mesial group columns of the anterior horn innervate the following muscles: Multifidus spinae, interspinales, psoas major and minor, gemelli, glutei, obturators, pyriformis, and the lower parts of the abdominal muscles.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/burns2/bur2ch11.html (1971 words)

	POST POLIO SYNDROME
		Often anterior horn cell infection is largely subclinical due to residual capacity of uninfected and surviving neurons.
		Infection outside the anterior horns is likely to be largely subclinical also, but may help to explain the disabling symptoms of fatigue and pain which are subjective and controversial (because the physiologic basis is uncertain).
		There is an increased metabolic burden on surviving anterior horn cells (even in asymptomatic muscles) as they direct more muscle fibers to contract, more often, to achieve the same force of contraction.
	www.plee.com /pps/ppspamph.htm (3236 words)

	sgspinalcord
		Many preganglionic autonomic neurons are located in the intermediate gray matter, which located between the anterior and posterior horns, of appropriate segments.
		There are two columns of motor neurons in the anterior horn that are recognized as separate entities.
		Cells in the body of the lumbosacral posterior horn and cells on the lateral surface of the anterior horn give rise to this tract.
	www.unc.edu /~ears/classes/neuro/studyguides/sgspinalcord.html (759 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck
		The anterior limb of the internal capsule (29) separates the head of the caudate nucleus (4) from the putamen (5).
		In close proximity to the globus pallidus (27) is the anterior commissure (28), an interhemispheric commissural bundle.
		The temporal (inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle (21) is seen with the hippocampus (13) protruding into its medial wall.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /HumanAnatomy/1Section/11.shtml (574 words)

	SPINAL CORD DIVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
		The prototype is the anterior horn cell (less commonly called "anterior root cells"), also known as the final common motor pathway.
		A root cell, anterior or posterior, arises from the anterior or posterior horn respectively.
		The "wings" of the butterfly extend posteriorly as the dorsal horns and anteriorly as the anterior horns.
	www.fortunecity.com /skyscraper/raytrace/244/scdef.htm (755 words)

	Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Infants and Young Children with Enterovirus 71 Infection: MR Imaging Findings and Clinical ...
		or bilateral hyperintense lesions in the anterior horn regions
		horn region of the lower thoracic and lumbosacral cord.
		involve anterior horn regions of the cord and ventral roots.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/22/1/200 (2569 words)

	Spinal Cord and Disc Diseases - New Treatments, May 2, 2006
		If you have a lesion of the anterior horn, obviously you have a flaccid paralysis of the segment that is supplied by that spinal segment.
		Syndrome of combined lesion of the anterior horn and of the lateral pyramidal tract.
		If you have a lesion in the posterior horn, whatever segment that lesion is in, you are going to have anesthesia and thermanesthesia of that area with root distribution.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals5a/spinal_cord_and_disc.htm (1354 words)

	Superficial siderosis associated with anterior horn cell dysfunction -- Turner and Wills 72 (2): 274 -- Journal of ...
		Superficial siderosis associated with anterior horn cell dysfunction
		in the anterior horns of the spinal cord there is little in
		of superficial siderosis causing an anterior horn cell syndrome,
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/72/2/274-a (923 words)

	Anterior cruciate ligament - knee dictionary
		The word 'cruciate' means 'crossed', referring to the fact that there are two cruciate ligaments, the one crossing over from front to back (the anterior cruciate ligament or ACL) and the other one crossing over from the back to the front (the posterior cruciate ligament or PCL).
		Rupture of either ACL or PCL is a major incident, often accompanied by a loud 'bang', and an inability to continue with the activity - with later swelling and collapsing of the joint.
		A perioperative rehabilitation programme for anterior cruciate ligament surgery
	www.kneeguru.co.uk /html/dictionary/anterior_cruciate.html (179 words)

	ROOTS OF THE SPINAL NERVES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The anterior roots arise somewhat irregularly from a linear series of foramina, on the antero-lateral column of the spinal cord, gradually approaching towards the anterior median fissure as they descend.
		The fibres of the anterior roots pass between the anterior and lateral columns, and enter the grey matter of the anterior horn, where they divide into two bundles, the larger of which is connected with the lateral column of the same side, while the smaller bundle passes to the anterior column of the opposite side.
		The anterior roots are the smaller of the two, devoid of any ganglionic enlargement, and their component fibrils are collected into two bundles, near the intervertebral foramina.
	spinalnerves.net /root.html (271 words)

	Upper Motor Neuron Lesions in Stroke Patients Do Not Induce Anterograde Transneuronal Degeneration in Spinal Anterior ...
		The lateral corticospinal tract and spinal ventral horn in X-linked recessive spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a quantitative study.
		Motor and propriospinal cells in the thoracic and lumbar ventral horn of the rhesus monkey.
		Qui Y, Wada Y, Otomo E, Tsukagoshi H. Morphometric study of cervical anterior horn cells and pyramidal tracts in medulla oblongata and the spinal cord in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/12/2553 (1981 words)

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