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Topic: Anterior olfactory nucleus

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 1, pg. 4
		The olfactory bulb, which contains the cell bodies of the secondary sensory neurons, is an enlargement of the rostral end of the olfactory tract.
		Tufted cells - project to the anterior olfactory nucleus and to the lateral, intermediate and medial olfactory areas of the rhinencephalon.
		Postsynaptic fibers from the anterior olfactory nucleus project along with the mitral and tufted cell axons to the rhinencephalon or via the anterior commisure to the contralateral anterior olfactory nucleus.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn1/cn1_4.html (167 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		a cell nucleus: a spheroid body within a cell, consisting of a number of characteristic organelles visible with the light microscope, a thin nuclear membrane, a nucleolus or nucleoli, irregular granules of chromatin and linin, and a diffuse nucleoplasm.
		ante´rior hypotha´lami [TA] anterior hypothalamic nucleus: a nucleus of nerve cells in the anterior hypothalamic region.
		centra´lis medul´lae spina´lis central nucleus of spinal cord: a group of nerve cells in the gray substance in the central region of the anterior column of the spinal cord.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_n_11zPzhtm (3762 words)

	Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - Composition and Central Connections of the Spinal Nerves - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The descending branches terminate in the dorsal (medial) vestibular nucleus, the principal nucleus of the vestibular nerve.
		The axons arise from the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and pass in bundles through the posterior longitudinal bundle, the tegmentum, the red nucleus and the medial margin of the substantia nigra in a series of curves and finally emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle.
		The majority of the axons that arise from the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb and course in the olfactory tract course in the lateral olfactory stria to the uncus and hippocampal gyrus, and terminate in the cortex.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=191 (8290 words)

	Central olfactory connections in the macaque monkey. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The connections between the olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortex, and olfactory related areas of the orbital cortex were defined in macaque monkeys with a combination of anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers and electrophysiological recording.
		Anterograde tracers placed into the olfactory bulb labeled axons in eight primary olfactory cortical areas: the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, ventral tenia tecta, olfactory tubercle, anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala, periamygdaloid cortex, and olfactory division of the entorhinal cortex.
		Retrograde tracers injected into the olfactory bulb labeled cells in the nucleus of the diagonal band and in all of the primary olfactory cortical areas except the olfactory tubercle.
	brainmeta.com /neuroanat/a16.html (412 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The mammalian olfactory bulb is densely innervated by zinc-enriched (ZEN) neurons, and the distribution of the ZEN terminals in the mouse olfactory bulb has previously been described.
		After infusion of sodium selenide into the main olfactory bulb, retrogradely labeled ZEN somata were found (1) ipsilaterally in all anterior olfactory nuclei, taenia tecta, piriform cortex and lateral entorhinal cortex, and (2) contralaterally in anterior olfactory nuclei except the external division.
		The ipsilateral anterior olfactory nucleus had the densest population of ZEN somata, and it was found that these somata originated mainly from pyramidal neurons in layers II and III of each area.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00068993/articles/956/2/S000689930203544.abstract.en (220 words)

	eMedicine - Anatomy of Olfactory System : Article by Amir Vokshoor, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The anterior olfactory nucleus receives collateral fibers from the olfactory tract and projects to the contralateral olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus via the anterior commissure.
		Olfactory dysfunction is a hallmark of certain syndromes such as Kallmann syndrome (ie, hypogonadism with anosmia) and Foster Kennedy syndrome (ie, papilledema, unilateral anosmia, and optic atrophy usually associated with an olfactory groove meningioma).
		Olfactory structures also can be injured during craniotomies involving the anterior cranial base or from subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may disrupt the fine fibers of the olfactory nerve.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic564.htm (2089 words)

	Parallel-distributed Processing In Olfactory Cortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The anterior olfactory cortex (that has been inappropriately termed the anterior olfactory nucleus) detects and stores correlations between olfactory features, creating representations (gestalts) for particular odorants and odorant mixtures.
		PC carries out functions that have traditionally defined association cortex-it detects and learns correlations between olfactory gestalts formed in anterior olfactory cortex and a large repertoire of behavioral, cognitive and contextual information to which it has access through reciprocal connections with prefrontal, entorhinal, perirhinal and amygdaloid areas.
		Architectural features incorporated include extensive recurrent connectivity in anterior PC, predominantly feedforward connectivity in posterior PC and backprojections that connect distal to proximal structures in the cascade of olfactory cortical areas.
	www.comdig.org /send_article.php?id_article=2492 (298 words)

	Abstracts 37-48
		Olfactory neuroblasts generated from donors with the common, sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease, show elevated levels of the direct precursor to beta-amyloid, the amyloid precursor protein C-terminal derivative (CTD).
		Olfactory nerves were distinguished from other axons because the latter were positive for all three NF subunits and peripherin, in addition to vimentin and GAP-43.
		Anatomically, the olfactory bulbs project through the lateral olfactory tracts to the olfactory tubercules, the pyriform cortex, the cortical amygdala nucleus, and the ventrolateral entorhinal area.
	www.testsymptomsathome.com /FMG01_research5.asp (2228 words)

	Olfaction: From Odorant Molecules to the Olfactory Cortex -- Menini et al. 19 (3): 101 -- Physiology
		Olfaction: From Odorant Molecules to the Olfactory Cortex
		The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons from the
		The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons project to the olfactory bulb, where they synapse with the dendrites of the second-order neurons, which in turn project to the olfactory cortex.
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/19/3/101 (2227 words)

	[No title]
		C. The cells of origin of the MFB are chiefly in the septal or anterior olfactory area.
		C. It projects to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
		D. Anterior olfactory nucleus among the tufted and mitral cell axons.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/anderson/mclimbic.html (3222 words)

	Olfaction in Olfactory Bulbectomized Rats -- Slotnick et al. 24 (41): 9195 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		juxtaposed to the anterior limb of the anterior commissure (Fig.
		sensory axons with neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus,
		Liu G, Rao Y (2003) Neuronal migration from the forebrain to the olfactory bulb requires a new attractant persistent in the olfactory bulb.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/24/41/9195 (3690 words)

	Defects of Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Brains of Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Pax6 -- ...
		in the presumptive olfactory tubercle, the piriform cortex (Fig.
		Hanaway J, McConnell JA, Netsky MG (1971) Histogenesis of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interpeduncular nucleus: an autoradiographic study of the mesencephalon in the rat.
		McLean JH, Shipley MT (1988) Postmitotic, postmigrational expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory bulb dopaminergic neurons.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/17/6501 (9016 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		While they found evidence for the existence of receptors in the vomeronasal epithelium similar to those in the olfactory epithelium, they suggested that the lack of intraepithelial blood vessels and mitotic figures in the epithelium indicated that the organ was undergoing degeneration at 28 weeks of gestation (Nakashima, Kimmelman and Snow, 1985).
		The VNO is located bilaterally on the anterior third of the floor of the nasal septum.
		The nuclear pattern of the anterior olfactory nucleus, tuberculum olfactorium and the amygdaloid complex in adult man. J.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/pherom.html (3080 words)

	[No title]
		The unmyelinated processes from the olfactory hair cells in the nasal mucosa pierce the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone and terminate on neurons in the olfactory bulb, which is in the frontal fossa of the cranial cavity.
		No, the answer is C. There are about 50 million olfactory hair cells in the nasal mucosa (each projecting an olfactory nerve fiber) and 50,000 primary neurons (mitral and tufted cells) giving a 1000 to 1 ratio.
		No, the answer is D. The stria terminalis arises primarily from the corticomedial nuclei and its fibers project to septal nuclei, anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis and habenular nuclei via the stria medullaris.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/ua24.wbc (1036 words)

	Central Olfactory Connections in the Microsmatic Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus) - Karger Publishers
		Target areas are the anterior olfactory nucleus, the entire prepiriform cortex, ventral tenia tecta, periamygdaloid cortex and the rostral part of the entorhinal cortex.
		The bulbar axons predominantly terminate in the outer part of layer I. The anterior olfactory nucleus receives a weak additional input within layer II and III, which is not found in macrosmatic rodents.
		Further anterograde labelling was found in the endopiriform nucleus deep under the prepiriform cortex and within an anterolateral strip of the olfactory tubercle.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=224197&Ausgabe=228534&ArtikelNr=64386 (352 words)

	[No title]
		Anterior (supraoptic) region - paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.
		Olfactory tract, fornix (hippocampus to hypothalamus) and the limbic contribution of the basal ganglia.
		It is in the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and courses the periaqueductal gray.
	medicine.creighton.edu /medschool/2006/Review/Neuro/Hypothalamus_a.html (379 words)

	The expression of ccn3 (nov) RNA and protein in the rat central nervous system is developmentally regulated -- Su et ...
		cova, ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part; sp5, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve; sp5o, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, oral part; sv, superior vestibular nucleus; lv, lateral vestibular nucleus; 7, facial nucleus; 4v, fourth ventricle; pnc, pons reticular nucleus, caudal part.
		trigemal nucleus, and the ventral and dorsal horn of the spinal
		PL, pyramydal layer of the hippocampus; BST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; GP, globus pallidus; VP, ventral pallidus; FN, facial nucleus; SP, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve; SU, suprafacial nucleus.
	mp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/54/3/184 (3978 words)

	Results
		Compared with normative data, 97% of the RBD patients had a pathologically increased olfactory threshold, 63% an impaired odour discrimination score, and 63% a decreased identification score.
		In stage 1, the anterior olfactory nucleus or the olfactory bulb is affected (along with the dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves).
		Since narcoleptic patients are not known to have an increased risk of developing parkinsonism, the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of hyposmia in RBD/narcolepsy patients requires further research.
	www.websciences.org /cftemplate/NAPS/indiv.cfm?ID=20044182 (386 words)

	Molekulare Neurophysiologie -Research -Mitral Cell Layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Mitral cells are the principal relay neurons in the olfactory bulb.
		Biocytin was injected into the lateral olfactory tract and stained with Alexa Fluor 488-labelled avidin.
		(red) filled with biocytin injection into the lateral olfactory tract and stained with avidin-Alexa Fluor 546 is surrounded by GABA immunopositive fibers (green) of granule cells.
	www.ukps.gwdg.de /UKMN/content/cont03b2.html (281 words)

	Is Parkinson's disease a primary olfactory disorder? -- Hawkes et al. 92 (8): 473 -- QJM
		be transported to the bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei and to
		The accumulation and metabolism of 3-trifluoromethylpyridine by rat olfactory and hepatic tissues.
		Brittebo EB, Eriksson VF, Bakke J, Brandt I. Toxicity of 2,6-dichlorothiobenzamide (Chlorthiamid) and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the olfactory nasal mucosa of mice.
	qjmed.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/8/473 (3998 words)

	Comparative Distribution of Vasopressin V1b and Oxytocin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Brain -- Vaccari et ...
		nucleus, the substantia nigra pars compacta, and the piriform
		from the median preoptic nucleus, BNST and dorsomedial hypothalamic
		nucleus of the vagus (DMV), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/139/12/5015 (6029 words)

	Olfactory function distinguishes vascular parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease -- Katzenschlager et al. 75 (12): 1749 ...
		Olfactory dysfunction occurs early in the course of
		Olfactory testing as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: development of optimal discrimination criteria.
		Olfactory identification is impaired in clinic-based patients with vascular dementia and senile dementia of Alzheimer type.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/75/12/1749 (1713 words)

	Faculty: Developmental Neurobiology
		Use the olfactory system to examine general problems in the brain maturation, including the role of afferent activity on tissue development and the interplay between evolution and development.
		At the top (the portion shaped like a mushroom cap) is the olfactory bulb, the area of the brain that receives input from olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity.
		Couper Leo, J. M., and Brunjes P. Neonatal focal denervation of the rat olfactory bulb alters cell structure and survival: a Golgi and Nissl and confocal study.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/neuroscience/faculty/fac-dev.cfm?uva_id=pcb6e&hideintro=1 (334 words)

	Supplementary Information - Nature Neuroscience
		Comparison of LGE and CGE migration to the olfactory bulb and striatum.
		(c and d) In contrast, CGE-derived cells migrated to the anterior cortex and anterior olfactory nucleus (arrowhead in c) but only a few cells are observed in the olfactory bulb (arrowheads in d).
		AntCtx, anterior cortex; AON, anterior olfactory nucleus; Gl, glomerular cell layer; Gcl, granule cell layer; OB, Olfactory bulb; RMS, rostral migratory stream.
	www.nature.com /neuro/journal/v5/n12/suppinfo/nn971_S1.html (164 words)

	Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease -- Hawkes et al. 62 (5): 436 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and ...
		Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease -- Hawkes et al.
		the anterior olfactory nucleus, and were sufficiently distinct to allow a
		An impairment in sniffing contributes to the olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/62/5/436 (554 words)

	Kurt R. Illig, PhD Homepage
		By using a combination of physiological, anatomical, genetic and behavioral methods to investigate odor- and learning-related processes, my long-term goal is to incorporate what we learn about olfactory cortex into a general portrait of cortical function and plasticity in sensory coding, learning and memory.
		Cooper, D.C., Klipec, W.D., Koeltzow, T.E. and Illig, K.R. (1994) Separating reinforcing and locomotor effects of amphetamine administration in nucleus accumbens on responding maintained by intracranial self-stimulation: The role of a1 noradrenergic and D1 dopaminergic receptors.
		Olfactory cortex and memory: Analysis and predictions based on a distributed neural networks approach.
	faculty.virginia.edu /krillig/CV.htm (1364 words)

	The generation, migration, and differentiation of olfactory neurons in the adult primate brain -- Kornack and Rakic 98 ...
		nucleus, indicating that these cells were newly generated.
		Newly generated cells in the anterior SZ of the adult macaque display a neuroblast phenotype as revealed by triple-label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.
		These BrdU-labeled nuclei are immunonegative for the mature neuronal marker, NeuN (red), unlike the neurons seen in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the few scattered neurons at the periphery of the peduncle that belong to the anterior olfactory nucleus.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/8/4752 (4944 words)

	University of Virginia Program in Sensory and Systems Neuroscience--Faculty
		The relative distribution of synapses in the A-laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.
		My long-term goal is to incorporate what we learn about olfactory cortex into a general portrait of the role of cortical function and plasticity in sensory processing.
		Roozendaal, B., Williams, C. L., and McGaugh, J. Glucocorticoid receptor activation in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract facilitates memory consolidation: Involvement of the basolateral amygdala.
	www.virginia.edu /psychobiology/faculty.htm (2014 words)

	Abnormal Synaptic Transmission in the Olfactory Bulb of Fyn-Kinase-Deficient Mice -- Kitazawa et al. 79 (1): 137 -- ...
		Abnormal Synaptic Transmission in the Olfactory Bulb of Fyn-Kinase-Deficient Mice -- Kitazawa et al.
		tract, the olfactory epithelium, and optic tract in the late embryonic
		LTP of fEPSPs in the granule cells of the olfactory bulb was foundto
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/79/1/137 (2734 words)

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