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Topic: Anterior spinal artery

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	VI. The Arteries. 4. The Arteries of the Upper Extremity. a. The Subclavian Artery. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the ...
		The artery may arise as a separate trunk from the arch of the aorta, and in such cases it may be either the first, second, third, or even the last branch derived from that vessel; in the majority, however, it is the first or last, rarely the second or third.
		It anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.
		The ascending branch (ramus ascendens; superficial cervical artery) ascends beneath the anterior margin of the Trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending ramus of the occipital artery.
	www.bartleby.com /107/148.html (4200 words)

	Anterior spinal artery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord.
		The Anterior Spinal Artery (ventral spinal artery) is a small branch, which arises near the termination of the vertebral, and, descending in front of the medulla oblongata, unites with its fellow of the opposite side at the level of the foramen magnum.
		Disruption of the anterior spinal cord leads to bilateral disruption of the corticospinal tract, causing motor deficits, and bilataeral disruption of the spinothalamic tract, causing sensory deficits in the form of pain/temperature sense loss.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anterior_spinal_artery (588 words)

	eMedicine - Spinal Cord Infarction : Article Excerpt by: Edward Hogan, MD
		Pathophysiology: The anterior spinal artery is a single long anastomotic channel that lies at the mouth of the anterior central sulcus and supplies the circulation to the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord (see Image 3).
		The arterial supply of the spinal cord arises from the aorta and at its cephalad and caudal ends from tributaries of the subclavian and iliac arteries.
		Eight to ten unpaired anterior medullary arteries are branches of the larger afferent aorta and vertebral and iliac arteries.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/byname/spinal-cord-infarction.htm (511 words)

	[No title]
		Spinal cord hemisection Occlusion of right anterior spinal artery at C5 Complete occlusion of posterior spinal artery at C5 Complete occlusion of anterior spinal artery at C5 A young man is brought into the emergency room by his friends after a bad fall off of his garage roof.
		Spinal cord hemisection Hemorrhagic stroke of the posterior spinal artery at L1 Hemorrhagic stroke of the anterior spinal artery at L1 An elderly stroke patient on your ward gets in an argument with his nurse, which is interesting since he has no feeling or movement on his left side.
		She probably has: An occlusion of the left anterior spinal artery in the medulla An occlusion of the right anterior spinal artery in the medulla An occlusion of the left PICA in the medulla An occlusion of the right PICA in the medulla Your neurology ward patient is watching you evaluate his stroke.
	www.musc.edu /comsc/resources/1st%20Year/Spring/Neuro/Neuroanatomy-DVG/Neurovascular.doc (625 words)

	Vascular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of human spinal cord injury
		The centrifugal sulcal arterial system was found to supply all of the anterior gray matter, the anterior half of the posterior gray matter, approximately the inner half of the anterior and lateral white columns, and the anterior half of the posterior white columns.
		Bifurcation of the sulcal artery was common in the anterior sulcus: 13 to 28% (mean 19%) of the sulcal arteries bifurcated in the anterior median sulcus.
		The anterior spinal vein ran alongside the anterior spinal artery in the anterior aspect of the sulcus, although the anterior spinal vein was generally situated slightly posterior to the anterior spinal artery.
	www.c3.hu /~mavideg/jns/2-1-p2.html (6127 words)

	Anterior Cord Syndrome
		(anterior spinal artery syndrome) is usually due to trauma of the artery that runs along the front of the spinal cord.
		Anterior spinal cord syndrome (anterior spinal artery syndrome) is usually seen as a result of compression of the artery that runs along the front of the spinal cord.
		Anterior cord syndrome has the worst prognosis of all cord syndromes; prognosis is good if recovery is evident and progressive during first 24 hours; after 24 hrs, if no signs of sacral sensibility to pinprick or temp are present, prognosis for further functional recovery are poor; only 10 to 15% of patients demonstrate functional recovery;
	www.apparelyzed.com /spinal-cord-injury/anterior-cord-syndrome.html (216 words)

	Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attacks/Acute Stroke--Special Considerations
		The diagnosis of spinal cord infarction is suspected in patients with acute myelopathy, often in conjunction with aortic abdominal aneurysm or spontaneous dissection of the aorta.
		True spinal stroke may be due to hemorrhage of a spinal cord AVM, ischemic infarction caused by embolus, occlusive arterial disease of the primary radicular feeder(s) to the anterior spinal artery, or acute spinal venous thrombosis.
		Spinal MRI is also appropriate for evaluation for the presence of blood and prominent cord vessels that appear in spinal cord AVM and spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=8658 (1683 words)

	Artery of Adamkiewicz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human anatomy, the Artery of Adamkiewicz, also Adamkiewicz artery, major anterior segmental medullary artery and great anterior segmental medullary artery, is the largest anterior segmental medullary artery.
		It typically arises from a left posterior intercostal artery, which branches from the aorta, and supplies the lower two thirds of the spinal cord via the anterior spinal artery.
		The Adamkiewicz artery sometimes arises from a lumbar vessel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artery_of_Adamkiewicz (483 words)

	Neurological Exam: Spinal Cord: Lesions: Vascular Diseases - Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome
		The spinal cord is not as susceptible to vascular disorders as the brain but infarction and hemorrhage do occur.
		Damage from such lesions reflects the pattern of the blood supply where a) posterior spinal arteries supply the dorsal part of the cord, 2) anterior spinal arteries supply the anterior 2/3rds of cord, and 3) the arterial vasocorona in the pial plexus supplies the periphery of the anterolateral cord.
		Spinal shock - An infarction of the anterior spinal artery usually involves the gray and white matter (less frequently only the gray) of the anterolateral cord.
	courses.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/lesions/5.htm (303 words)

	ACP - Wisconsin Chapter - Cocaine induced anterior spinal artery infarction
		Cocaine induced anterior spinal artery infarction has not been cited in previous literature although the cerebrovascular events related to cocaine are well established.
		Spinal cord infarction is a rare cause of acute paraplegia and is most commonly associated with aortic atherosclerosis.
		The prevalence of anterior spinal infarction is extremely low such that its occurrence in two first degree family members would suggest a familial tendency.
	www.acponline.org /chapters/wi/associates/vignettes3.htm (164 words)

	Spinal Cord - Abstract of article: The anterior spinal artery origin: a microanatomical study
		Detailed knowledge of the pattern of origin of the anterior spinal artery is critical as surgical and endovascular procedures involving the area of the ventral medulla and the vertebrobasilar junction are commonplace.
		Also the distance of the origin of the two rami (right and left) forming the anterior spinal artery from the vertex of the vertebrobasilar junction and from the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is highly variable.
		Knowledge of the different pattern of origin and course of the proximal portion of the anterior spinal artery is critically important when planning and executing endovascular and surgical procedures involving the distal vertebral artery, the vertebrobasilar junction and the ventral medulla.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/sj.sc.3102060 (384 words)

	Glossary
		Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome - (also known as Anterior Cord Syndrome) Anterior spinal artery syndrome refers to the anterior spinal artery that originates from the vertebral arteries and basal artery at the base of the brain and supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord to the upper thoracic (chest) region.
		These "levels" are determined by neurological examination of (1) a key sensory point with in each of 28 dermatomes on the right and 28 dermatomes on the left side of the body, and (2) a key muscle within each of 10 myotomes on the right and 10 myotomes on the left side of the body.
		In the spinal cord, a shunt is used to treat a syrinx by equalizing pressures between the syrinx and the spinal fluids.
	www.thescizone.com /info/pages/Glossary.html (6109 words)

	vertebral/basilar
		For lower parts of the cord, the spinal arteries are reinforced by radicular arteries that are branches of the thoracic and abdominal aorta.
		The artery of Adamkiewicz is one of the most important radicular arteries, and in some individuals it may provide the entire arterial supply for the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord.
		The vertebral arteries fuse at the junction between the medulla and the pons to form the single midline basila artery which then proceeds rostrally along the surface of the anterior pons.
	www.umassmed.edu /strokestop/module_three/vertebral_basilar.html (532 words)

	Neurological Exam: Spinal Cord: Lesions: Vascular Diseases - Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The spinal cord is not as susceptible to vascular disorders as the brain but infarction and hemorrhage do occur.
		Damage from such lesions reflects the pattern of the blood supply where a) posterior spinal arteries supply the dorsal part of the cord, 2) anterior spinal arteries supply the anterior 2/3rds of cord, and 3) the arterial vasocorona in the pial plexus supplies the periphery of the anterolateral cord.
		Spinal shock - An infarction of the anterior spinal artery usually involves the gray and white matter (less frequently only the gray) of the anterolateral cord.
	isc.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/lesions/5.htm (303 words)

	GE Healthcare - Clinical Case Studies - Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Angiography
		The spinal cord has three major arteries that run the length of the cord, the anterior spinal artery that lies in the anterior median fissure, and two posterior spinal arteries that run near the dorsal root entry zones.
		Sometimes the fistula may be very high, at the level of the foramen magnum, fed by branches of the vertebral artery or external carotid artery.
		Treatment of the dural fistula may be surgical, with ligation and coagulation of the connection with the draining vein at the level of the dura, or embolization with injection of glue to achieve the same result.
	www.gehealthcare.com /euen/mri/clinical-cases/angiography.html (1072 words)

	The Oxford Handbook of Sports Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Within the human spinal canal the spinal cord extends from the base of the brain to the conus medallaris usually at the level of the L1/L2 vertebrae when the nerve roots become the cauda equina.
		The spinal cord within the dura is a mobile organ which tends to be held more tightly in the flexed position of the spine and in a more relaxed position when the spine is extended.
		The stable spinal column is maintained with a cervical lordotic curve, a thoracic kyphotic curve and a lumbar lordotic curve.
	www.worldortho.com /oxsportsmed/chapt7.html (1430 words)

	Physiology of Spinal Cord Injury
		Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects conduction of sensory and motor signals across the site(s) of lesion(s).
		This is most commonly seen in older patients with cervical arthritis narrowing of the spinal cord and may occur in the absence of spinal fracture.
		Anterior spinal artery syndrome refers to the anterior spinal artery that originates from the vertebral arteries and basal artery at the base of the brain and supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord to the upper thoracic (chest) region.
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /sci/physiolo.htm (1540 words)

	Action Online » Blog Archive » Spinal Cord Lexicon
		For many people with spinal cord involvement this means using a catheter to help with urinating and using a planned program of bowel training and care to help with bowel movements.
		The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves and fibers, about the thickness of a little finger, that transmits messages to and from the brain.
		Spinal cord injury occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord, the major bundle of nerves that carry nerve impulses to and from the brain to the rest of the body.
	www.unitedspinal.org /publications/action/?p=389 (4939 words)

	Ali Karabulut - Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anterior Cord Syndrome -An incomplete spinal injury in which all functions are absent below the level of injury except proprioception and sensation.
		Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome - (also known as Anterior Cord Syndrome) Anterior spinal artery syndrome refers to the anterior spinal artery that originates from the vertebral arteries and basal artery at the base of the brain and supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord to the upper thoracic (chest) region.
		In the spinal cord, a shunt is used to treat a syrinx by equalizing pressures between the syrinx and the spinal fluids.
	www.alikarabulut.0catch.com /glossary.html (6066 words)

	uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Discussion: The spinal cord is supplied by one anterior spinal artery, two posterolateral spinal arteries, and the perimedullary plexus connecting them.
		The anterior spinal artery is formed superiorly from branches from both vertebral arteries.
		The main blood supply to the lower spinal cord, approximately T8 through the conus medullaris is derived from the arteria radicularis anterior magna or artery of Adamkiewicz.
	www.uhrad.com /mriarc/mri063.htm (320 words)

	Upper and lower spinal cord blood supply: The continuity of the anterior spinal artery and the relevance of the lumbar ...
		Upper and lower spinal cord blood supply: The continuity of the anterior spinal artery and the relevance of the lumbar arteries -- Biglioli et al.
		Upper and lower spinal cord blood supply: The continuity of the anterior spinal artery and the relevance of the lumbar arteries
		the arteria radicularis magna arises from a lumbar artery in
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/127/4/1188 (457 words)

	[No title]
		Chronic residuals associated with thrombosis of a branch of the anterior spinal artery at the 6th and 7th dorsovertebral level are not proximately due to or the result of a service-connected disease or injury.
		Diagnoses were thrombosis of a branch of the anterior spinal artery at about D6 or D7 level with paraplegia, incomplete, and traumatic arthritis of the right hip, mild.
		ORDER Service connection for residuals of a thrombus of a branch of the anterior spinal artery, at about the 6th or 7th dorsovertebral level with incomplete paraplegia of the lower extremities is denied.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files1/9403371.txt (4448 words)

	Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center
		The largest of the radicular arteries is the arteria radicularis magna also referred to as the great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz.The radicular artery of Adamkiewicz arises at approximately the T10-T12 area and supplies the lower thoracic and lumbar cord.
		MR imaging is the mainstay of diagnosing acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome.
		The differential diagnosis of acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome includes transverse myelitis, however it is usually associated with gradual onset symptom except in cases of acute myelitis, where it is of sudden onset.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase56.htm (964 words)

	Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		that arise near it from the aorta, or from adjacent arteries in
		- costocervical and intercostal arteries in thorax; lumbar and iliolumbar
		- ASA arises from the vertebral artery caudal to the basilar artery;
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/blood_supply_of_the_spinal_cord (440 words)

	eMedicine - Spinal Cord Infarction : Article by Edward Hogan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pathophysiology: The anterior spinal artery is a single long anastomotic channel that lies at the mouth of the anterior central sulcus and supplies the circulation to the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord (see Picture 3).
		Uncomplicated spinal cord infarction is most commonly thoracic and presents as acute paraparesis or paraplegia, numbness of the legs, and inability to void.
		Physical: Neurologic dysfunction stems from a lesion located in the anterior two thirds (or in the central “watershed”) of the spinal cord and spares vibration and position sense perception, which are carried by the posterior columns and relatively spared.
	users3.ev1.net /~drtony/scinfrct.htm (3999 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Arteries: ...
		A dorsospinal artery from the aorta may supply the anterior spinal artery but it has been rarely reported.
		of patients undergoing spinal cord vascularization at the thoracolumbar level demonstrated a dual blood supply for the anterior spinal artery in 48% of patients studied, the lowest of the two supplying only the conus medullaris.
		The anatomic variant arises when the anastomosis of segmental arteries occurs some distance from the spine; the persistence of the initial portion of the primitive segmental trunk giving rise to a sole dorsospinal artery, directly from the aorta.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Text/Arteries/Dorsospinal.shtml (455 words)

	Back.com - Glossary - A Terms
		Anterior approach to inferior C-2 to fractured dens with screws.
		For specific cervical spinal explorations and fusions; Southwick and Robinson, Bailey and Badgley, Whitesides and Kelly, Henry (to vertebral artery).
		The term is derived from the words anterior (front), cervical (neck), and fusion (joining the vertebrae with a bone graft).
	www.back.com /a.html (1510 words)

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