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Topic: Anther

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	* Anther - (Gardening): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Anther - the upper part of the stamen where the pollen is produced.
		The five pollen-bearing anthers made the missionaries recall Christ's wounds, while the divisions of the pistil appeared to be the nails on the cross.
		Stamens of this flower are white, and the anthers are a reddish shade of purple...
	www.bestknows.com /gardening/anther.html (1078 words)

	Title of Invention: Isolated microspore and anther culture of corn
		That the response to anther culture is genetically determined was illustrated by the increased response to anther culture of the F.sub.1 progeny plants derived from anther culture, compared to response of the parental lines used for culture.
		Anthers containing microspores at the middle to late uninucleate stage were cultured on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) with a 12-24% range of sucrose.
		When anthers were cold shocked for 14 days prior to introducing them into culture (Genovesi and Collins 1982), one class of anthers, when removed from the cold, became puffed in appearance, light yellow, and easily dehisced their contents when touched with forceps.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05322789.html (13320 words)

	The evolution of anther morphology in orchids: incumbent anthers, superposed pollinia, and the vandoid complex -- ...
		In juxtaposed anthers, the stomium is a median dorsiventral
		The interpretation of the anthers in the aforementioned nonvandoid
		18, for a depiction of the vandoid anther).
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/11/1747 (4945 words)

	Jeffrey K. Conner - Detailed Research Description
		Since the insect pollinators remain in the open part of the corolla, flowers with anthers that are placed too high or two low may not be as successful at placing their pollen on insects as flowers with intermediate anther placement.
		Since anther position should mainly affect male fitness, that is, the ability to sire seeds on other plants, measurements of male success were necessary.
		As we did for anther exsertion in 2001, the composite population formed from the selected and control lines was placed in the field in the summer of 2002 to measure selection with this increased variation in anther exsertion; results await completion of microsatellite paternity analysis.
	www.kbs.msu.edu /faculty/Conner/ResearchDescription.htm (2993 words)

	Marin CNPS: Flower Parts: The Anther (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The anther is the terminal part of the stamen and produces the pollen which is responsible for fertilizing the female part of a flower.
		The anther is connected to the rest of the flower by a stalk called a filament.
		Together the anther and the filament comprise the stamen.
	www.marin.cc.ca.us /cnps/Anther.html (81 words)

	Rice Genetics Newsletter, Vol. 18
		One of the key factors that determine anther culture response is the genotype of the candidate crop species.
		We made an attempt to understand the effect of cytoplasmic sterility factor in rice anther culture by comparing the anther culture response of cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) line-based hybrids (A/R) with their corresponding isonuclear-male fertile maintainer line-based hybrids (B/R).
		Anther calli induced from both A/R and B/R hybrids were transferred to regeneration medium.
	www.gramene.org /newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn18/c28.html (1104 words)

	anther on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Each anther generally consists of two pollen sacs, which open when the pollen is mature.
		To create a new dahlia, start now by touching anther to stigma (it's easy).
		Anthers removed from roses are dried in marked film containers for two days to release the pollen that will be used in cross-pollination.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/anther.asp (418 words)

	Title of Invention: Increasing the anther culturabi lity of maize
		Anther culture involves isolating immature anthers from plants and placing them onto a medium which induces the cells within the anther, which would normally be destined to become pollen grains, to begin dividing and form a cell culture from which plants can be regenerated.
		For example, anther culturability has been defined by the induction of microspores that begin dividing, the number of embryos and/or callus per anther, the percentage of anthers producing at least one embryo and/or callus, the number of haploid plants regenerated, and the number of dihaploid plants recovered.
		The principle of anther culture is to divert the normal development of the male gametophyte by an abnormal pathway, to a sporophytic pathway, resulting in callus and/or embryo formation.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05306864.html (6607 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Anther Culture-Derived Regenerants of Durum Wheat and Their Cytological Characterization. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Interpretive Summary: Anther culture is proving increasingly useful in wheat improvement both as a source of haploids (plants with half the chromosome number) as well as new genetic variation.
		From a total of 86400 anthers cultured from the 10 cultivars, we obtained 324 plants, 248 green and 76 albino (without the green pigment).
		Technical Abstract: Anther culture is being increasingly used in cereal crop improvement both as source of haploids and new genetic variation.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=113335 (445 words)

	BGN 7: Anther culture of autotetraploid Hordeum vulgare varieties and the production of trisomic individuals
		The frequency of anther response of the tetraploid varieties was similar to that of the diploids with regard to both callus production and subsequent plantlet regeneration, although the general rarity of the latter event makes meaningful comparisons difficult.
		Meiosis was studied in several of the spikes of the green plant regenerated from anther callus of Haisa II (spikes fixed in 3:1 abs.
		Previous studies on the anther culture of Hordeum vulgare have underlined the importance of the physiological status of the donor plants.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/bgn/7/7p29.html (740 words)

	ASGSB 2001 Abstracts - ANTHER STRUCTURE AND POLLEN DEVELOPMENT IN BRASSICA PLANTS GROWN DURING ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Anthers from those flowers were processed and prepared for light and electron microscope observation.
		The results show that numerous large starch grains are present in the cells of the anther wall and filaments in space plants, while starch grains are rarely observed in those cells of the ground plants.
		The results suggest that despite the storage of starch grains in the anther wall and the persistence of tapetum, the nutrients necessary for pollen development were supplied in microgravity.
	www.asgsb.org /programs/2001/112.html (275 words)

	She says she loves me....But is infactuated with anther friend..(guy) : Fool Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Being overly jealous of her time with Jason can ruin your relationship, men don't often understand that a woman can have a purely platonic relationship with males that they feel very comfortable with..........just like say a "girlfriend" they would hang out with.
		She says she loves me....But is infactuated with anther friend..(guy)
		Re: She says she loves me....But is infactuated with anther friend..(guy)
	foolmoon.com /showthreaded.php?Number=164638 (297 words)

	Genetic analysis of the anther-derived progeny and isolated pollen grains of a culture-responsive Solanum clone. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The present study integrates the use of anther culture, molecular markers analysis and genetic linkage assessment to demonstrate the value of this approach for potato.
		A higher level of exogenous cytokinin (6-benzyladenine) to that of auxin (3-indoleacetic acid) proved to be favourable for the induction of calli/embryos.
		The results may indicate a greater anther culture related genetic selection pressure during plantlet regeneration when compared to that in root regeneration.
	digitalcommons.hil.unb.ca /dissertations/AAINQ38342 (337 words)

	18. Comparative gametic selection in sexual and anther culture derivatives from five distant F1 hybrids of rice
		Aside from field evaluation, an accurate means to test the existence of gametic selection occurring during the androgenetic pathway is the comparative study of segregations of genetic markers among both sexual (F2 or backcrossed plants) and anther culture derivatives.
		In this study, segregations for 8 to 12 heterozygous isozyme markers were surveyed among F2 progenies and anther culture derivatives (i.e., nonmorphogenic microspore-derived calli (NMC) and anther culture-derived plants (ACPs)) of five distant F1 hybrids between-varieties belonging to the isozyme groups I (indica), V ("Basmati group"), and VI (Japonica) (Glaszmann 1987; Table 1).
		In Azucena/UP1Ri7, anther culture bypasses a phenomenon that appears related to F1 distant-hybrid sterility which is known to hinder the conventional exploitation of rice remote crosses.
	www.gramene.org /newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn6/v6p91.html (617 words)

	TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 Is Required for Cell Specialization in the Arabidopsis Anther -- Yang et al. 15 (12): 2792 -- THE ...
		The arrow indicates the partially formed microsporocyte cell layer, which is occupied by the tapetum in the wild-type anther.
		Gori, P. Accumulation of polysaccharide in the anther cavity of Allium sativum, clone Piemonte.
		Ito, T., and Shinozaki, K. The MALE STERILITY1 gene of Arabidopsis, encoding a nuclear protein with a PHD-finger motif, is expressed in the tapetal cells and is required for pollen maturation.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/12/2792 (5887 words)

	Title page for ETD
		Anther culture experiments were conducted to construct a monoploid family.
		Several steps of the anther culture process were studied.
		A heat shock given to anthers in culture for 12h at 35 degrees C was also found to be beneficial resulting in an increase of the anther culture response by 40 percent.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/delayed/etd-11298-173118/etd-title.html (635 words)

	Re: Anther culture
		However, the recent regeneration of haploid plants from anther cutlures of other legumes (alfalfa and sophora), as well as reports of embryos from soybean anther culture, make me optimistic that legume anther culture will be more successful in times to come.
		Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 24:25-28 PLANT RECOVERY FROM ANTHER CULTURE IN LEGUMES: Wang Z-Z, Li K-Q, Liu Q-H, Hao L-F, Xiao Y-P, Gong Y-X and Qi H (1993) Obtaining of haploid plantlets of Chinese scholartree (Sophora japonica L.) by anther culture.
		In vitro induction of callus from anther culture of forage crops.
	plant-tc.coafes.umn.edu /listserv/1995/log9505/msg00060.html (739 words)

	The ANTHER INDEHISCENCE1 Gene Encoding a Single MYB Domain Protein Is Involved in Anther Development in Rice -- Zhu et ...
		D and H, Scanning electron micrograph image of anther from spikelet at its peak stage of anthesis.
		on the behavior at anther dehiscence and pollen viability.
		Keijzer CJ, Leferink-ten Klooster HB, Reinders MC (1996) The mechanism of the grass flower: anther dehiscence and pollen shedding in maize.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/135/3/1514 (6135 words)

	PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporins are differentially expressed during tobacco anther and stigma development -- Bots et al. 56 ...
		anthers and pollen grains have undergone dehydration and, in
		As the dehydration of anthers and pollen and pollen rehydration
		The effect of heat stress on tomato pollen characteristics is associated with changes in carbohydrate concentration in the developing anthers.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/409/113 (4592 words)

	Chapter Antecedently <i>to</i> Anthophagous of A by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		The male reproductive apparatus in the lower plants, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; — called also spermary.
		Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower.
		Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1192/21605/5.html (227 words)

	Encyclopedia: Anther
		The anther can be attached to the filament in two ways :
		synantherous : only the anthers are connate (such as in the Asteraceae)
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Anther (433 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Haploid and Doubled Haploid Production in Durum Wheat by Anther Culture (Book Chapter In: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Anther culture has been traditionally employed for producing haploids in numerous crop plants.
		We describe a protocol for anther culture for producing haploids.
		We feel that by choosing responsive genotypes and using various modifications to media formulation, it may be possible to produce durum haploids.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=131951 (208 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Anther: Form, Function, and Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Until now a scientist looking for a summary of anther structure, function and evolution would have had little success." Bruce K. Kirchoff, American Scientist
		Despite its significance in the reproductive cycle of flowering plants, and its importance in helping to interpret plant evolution, the stamen, and its fertile, pollen bearing part, the anther, have received relatively little scientific attention.
		To address this shortcoming, the contributors in this volume give an indication of the kinds of studies now being undertaken with a view to stimulating further work on this neglected plant organ.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521480639 (549 words)

	The MADS Box Transcription Factor ZmMADS2 Is Required for Anther and Pollen Maturation in Maize and Accumulates in ...
		The MADS Box Transcription Factor ZmMADS2 Is Required for Anther and Pollen Maturation in Maize and Accumulates in Apoptotic Bodies during Anther Dehiscence -- Schreiber et al.
		Articles by Schreiber, D. Articles by Dresselhaus, T. The MADS Box Transcription Factor ZmMADS2 Is Required for Anther and Pollen Maturation in Maize and Accumulates in Apoptotic Bodies during Anther Dehiscence
		Development of anthers and pollen was arrested at 1 d before
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/134/3/1069 (276 words)

	Agriculture -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		There are specialty producers who raise less common types of livestock or plants.
		(The cultivation of bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey) Apiculture, the culture of bees, traditionally for (A sweet yellow liquid produced by bees) honey—increasingly for crop (Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant) pollination.
		Detrimental effects of (A chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth) herbicides, (Any agent that destroys or prevents the growth of fungi) fungicides, (A chemical used to kill insects) insecticides, and other (Click link for more info and facts about biocide) biocides.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ag/agriculture.htm (2800 words)

	CarAudioForum.com - Anther Amp? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		If I get anther amp of the same kind, will I be able to make them louder by having one amp for each sub with each amp sending 200 Watts to each sub?
		Now I have a 200 watt as stated above but instead of wasting my money and buying anther one, I was thinking about this one^.
		This would get me 50 more Watts to each sub for only $60 more, AND I could sell the other amp.
	www.caraudioforum.com /vbb3/showthread.php?t=199379 (725 words)

	The Botanical Review: Anther Plastids in Angiosperms.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Botanical Review: Anther Plastids in Angiosperms.@ HighBeam Research
		In the anther of angiosperms, all types of plastids are found in the course of pollen development.
		They are located in the different cell layers of the microsporangium and have various functions that contribute to the formation of the functional male gametophyte.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:74827537&refid=holomed_1 (170 words)

	Herbal Encyclopedia - F
		If they alight in the middle of the next flower, they dust the pollen against the stigma and cross-pollinate it.
		The flowers close up in part in dull weather and completely at night, and it is then that the anthers touch the stigmas.
		A seed capsule was only set when pollinated from anthers of the same height as the stigmas.'
	www.fortunecity.com /roswell/chaney/191/id106.htm (15951 words)

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